VIRTUALIZATION KHANDAKAR RASHEDUL AREFIN - BDREN
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Virtualization
Khandakar Rashedul Arefin
www.bdren.net.bd
Presentation Outlines
Virtualization Definition
Area of Virtualization
Introduction Containerization
Linux Container (LXC)
Demonstration
Chapter 1: Virtualization mainframe
History and Definitions
architecture, 9 an operating system to be transpare
allowing
tual machine (VM).
Virtualization Definition Figure 1-5 further illustrates the basic concepts
In 1959, the Atlas Team at the University of Manchester implemented an automatic mech- Chapter of this virtualization
1: Virtualization t
History a
anism that relieved programmers from these storage allocation annoyances. As with any
Transparent emulation of IT resources Partitioning
great idea, virtual memory is based on a simple concept: to use theHot
auxiliary
Standbymemory
Routeras Protocol
producing benefits to consumers
an extension of the main memory. which App App App App
In the TCP/IP networking architecture, a host commonly uses a router interface
is unavailable in this
Figure 1-4 illustrates physical form
virtualization technology.
default gatewayOS
to forwardOSpackets to
OSanother IP subnet. Although
OS
Virtual
several route
Machine
deployed in a local-area network (LAN), the great majority of TCP/IP stacks on
CMS definition
one default gateway
Operating CMS per host.
CMS CMS
Primary
Memory System
The described situation unveils an inherent single point of failure in the architec
Virtual (VM/370) Control
where traffic can be interrupted Program
if the router(CP)
that contains the defined gateway
Pooling Memory from the host fails.
Mainframe Hardware
In 1998, Cisco created a solution to overcome this limitation called Hot Standb
Protocol (HSRP), which is portrayed in Figure 1-6.
Figure 1-5 Mainframe Virtualization
WAN 1 WAN 2
CPU As the figure shows, the VM/370 operating system contained a softw
called
IP Address: Control Program (CP), which can also be calledIP Address:
10.1.1.20 a hypervisor
10.1.1.30
ware was
Virtual IP Address:
10.1.1.10 responsible for the creation of the VMs, resource sharing,
Virtual IP Address:
10.1.1.10 d
HSRP Group: 1 Router 1 Router 2 HSRP Group: 1
HSRP virtual storage management,
Priority: 200
HSRP and other traditional operating
HSRP system
HSRP Priority: 2 ta
ronment, each mainframe Hello user could Hello
interact with a Conversational M
(CMS) as his own dedicated processor emulation.
Auxiliary Abstraction
For IBM, virtual machines provided a solution to the operating system
IP Address: 10.1.1.36/24
Default Gateway:
lems that their customers were facing whenever a new processor was r
Memory 10.1.1.10
using this virtualization, a single mainframe could simultaneously hos
■ Management plane: Runs components meant for device management purposes,
Area of Virtualization
such as the command-line interface (CLI) and Simple Network Management Proto
(SNMP). This plane usually interacts with third-party software and is able to mod
the behavior of both control and data planes.
Figure 1-10 portrays the areas and subareas used for the classification of the virtualiza
tion technologies contained in this book.
•Hardware
Compute Storage Server Networking
•Operating System
/ Server •Application Host
Networking Management
Plane
•Data Plane Devices
Network •Control Plane Application Control
Interconnect Operating System Router
•Management Plane Plane
Hardware Switch
Data Plane
•Storage Device
Storage •Host
•Interconnect Storage Device
Figure 1-10 Data Center Virtualization Technologies Areas and Subareas
Note This publication will only use the networking planes to establish the subareas
processes may cause. Therefore, non-kernel processes are executed in a memory area called
Server Virtualization
user space.
As a visual aid, Figure 5-2 illustrates how an OS kernel relates to applications and the com-
puter hardware.
Applications User Space
Monolithic: Entire Architecture of
OS resides in Kernel Space (Linux
Kernel Kernel Space and FreeBSD)
Microkernel: Processes are scatter 5
ed across both Kernel and User S
Hardware pace (Mac OS X and Windows)
CPU RAM NIC Disk
Figure 5-2 Operating System Kernel
Operating systems can be categorized according to the distribution of their components
between kernel space and user space. Hence, operating systems whose entire architecture
resides in kernel space are called monolithic (for example, Linux and FreeBSD). By contrast,
Server Virtualization
Introduction Containerization
Introduction Containerization
Linux Container (LXC) A Linux® container is a set of one or more processes that are isolated from the rest of the system. ü Operating System-level Capabilities ü Run multiple isolated Linux System ü Run multiple isolated Application ü Lightweight alternative to full VM ü Offer less isolation than VM Privileged containers are when they are created and run by the root user only Unprivileged containers are when the container is created and run as a user as opposed to the root.
Demonstration
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