Automatische Übersetzer sind nicht wirklich lernfähig

ETH Library

Automatische Übersetzer sind
nicht wirklich lernfähig

 Working Paper

 Author(s):
 Bruderer, Herbert

 Publication date:
 2020-06

 Permanent link:
 https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000419035

 Rights / license:
 In Copyright - Non-Commercial Use Permitted

 This page was generated automatically upon download from the ETH Zurich Research Collection.
 For more information, please consult the Terms of use.

Automatische Übersetzer sind nicht wirklich lernfähig
Vor einem Jahr habe ich eine kleine Untersuchung zur Qualität moderner Übersetzungsprogramme
durchgeführt (vgl. Google translate versteht den Inhalt der Texte nicht, https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-
b-000341294) Anhand von Google translate und DeepL wurden einige ausgewählte Sätze übersetzt.
Diese Wiederholung soll zeigen, ob die automatischen Übersetzer gelernt haben. Die neuen Über-
setzungen sind in Blau wiedergegeben. Mängel in der Übertragung vom Mai 2019 sind rot gekenn-
zeichnet.

Ausgangstext 1
Es gibt hauptsächlich drei Arten analoger Rechenschieber: Rechenstäbe, Rechenscheiben und Re-
chenwalzen.

Google translate
There are mainly three types of analogue slide rules: rulers, calculating discs and raking rollers.
There are three main types of analog slide rules: slide rules, calculating discs and calculating rollers.

DeepL
There are mainly three types of analog slide rules: slide bars, slide disks and rake rollers.
There are three main types of analog slide rules: slide rules, discs and rollers.

Ausgangstext 2
Zu den wichtigsten Formen der Rechenschieber gehören der Rechenstab, die Rechenscheibe, die
Rechenwalze und die Rechenuhr.

Google translate
Among the most important forms of slide rule are the ruler, the ruler, the rake and the ruler.
The most important forms of slide rule include the slide rule, the calculation disk, the calculation
roller and the calculation clock.

DeepL
The most important forms of slide rules are the slide bar, the disc rule, the screen roller and the
screen clock.
The most important forms of slide rules are the slide rule, the disc rule, the roller rule and the clock.

Richtige Fachausdrücke
Rechenscheibe circular slide rule
Rechenschieber slide rule
Rechenstab      linear slide rule, straight slide rule
Rechenuhr       pocket watch slide rule
Rechenwalze     cylindrical slide rule

Ausgangstext 3
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz gilt als Erfinder des Sprossenrads und der Staffelwalze.

Google translate
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is regarded as the inventor of the sprocket wheel and the squadron roller.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is considered the inventor of the sprout wheel and the graduated roller.

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DeepL
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is regarded as the inventor of the sprocket wheel and the relay roller.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is considered the inventor of the sprocket wheel and the relay roller.

Richtige Fachausdrücke
Sprossenrad     pinwheel
Staffelwalze    stepped drum

Ausgangstext 4
Wir sind auf der Suche nach einem verschollenen römischen Handabkus aus Elfenbein.

Google translate
We are looking for a lost Roman ivory handcuff.
We are looking for a missing Roman ivory hand-held copy.

DeepL
We're looking for a lost ivory Roman handabku.
We are looking for a missing ivory Roman hand abcus.

Ausgangstext 5
Im Unterschied zum chinesischen Rechenrahmen hat der römische Handabakus keine Stangen mit
Kugeln, sondern Rillen mit Knöpfen.

Google translate
Unlike the Chinese framework, the Roman Handabakus has no rods with balls, but grooves with
buttons.
In contrast to the Chinese arithmetic frame, the Roman hand abacus does not have rods with balls,
but grooves with buttons.

Deep L
In contrast to the Chinese calculation frame, the Roman hand tobacco has no rods with balls, but
grooves with buttons.
In contrast to the Chinese rake frame, the Roman hand abacus does not have bars with balls, but
grooves with buttons.

Richtige Fachausdrücke
Handabakus      hand abacus
Rechenrahmen abacus

Ausgangstext 6
Im Altertum nutzten die Griechen für Berechnungen die Rechentafel. Die Römer verwendeten hin-
gegen einen tragbaren Handabakus mit Rillen und Knöpfen. Das Mittelalter kannte Rechenbretter,
Rechentische und Rechentücher mit Linien und Rechenmünzen. Der Zählrahmen mit Stäben und
Kugeln war in China, Japan, Russland jahrhundertelang sehr beliebt.

Google translate
In antiquity, the Greeks used the calculator for calculations. The Romans, by contrast, used a porta-
ble handabaku with grooves and buttons. The Middle Ages knew calculating boards, computer

                                                                                                    2

desks and books with lines and computing coins. The counting frame with bars and balls was very
popular in China, Japan, Russia for centuries.
In ancient times, the Greeks used the calculation table for calculations. The Romans used a portable
hand-held abacus with grooves and buttons. The Middle Ages knew calculating boards, calculating
tables and calculating cloths with lines and calculating coins. The counting frame with bars and
balls has been very popular in China, Japan, Russia for centuries.

DeepL
In ancient times the Greeks used the calculation board for calculations. The Romans, on the other
hand, used a portable hand tobacco with grooves and buttons. The Middle Ages knew calculation
boards, calculation tables and calculation cloths with lines and calculation coins. The counting
frame with rods and balls was very popular in China, Japan and Russia for centuries.
In antiquity, the Greeks used the calculating table for calculations. The Romans, on the other hand,
used a portable hand tabacus with grooves and buttons. The Middle Ages knew abacus, calculating
tables and calculating cloths with lines and calculating coins. The counting frame with bars and
balls was very popular in China, Japan and Russia for centuries.

Richtige Fachausdrücke
Handabakus      hand abacus
Kugel           bead
Rechenbrett     counting board, calculating board, abacus
Rechenmünze counter, token, casting counter
Rechentafel     counting board, calculating board
Rechentisch     reckoning table, counting table, table abacus
Rechentuch      reckoning cloth, counting cloth

Ausgangstext 7
Ursprünglich waren Computer Menschen, die mit mechanischen Tischrechenmaschinen Berech-
nungen durchführten. Später kamen elektromechanische Relaisrechner und elektronische Röhren-
rechner auf, die schließlich von Transistormaschinen abgelöst wurden.

Google translate
Originally computers were people who performed calculations with mechanical desktop calculators.
Later came electromechanical relay computers and electronic tube computers, which were eventual-
ly replaced by transistor machines.
Computers were originally people who performed calculations with mechanical desktop calculators.
Later electromechanical relay computers and electronic tube computers appeared, which were even-
tually replaced by transistor machines.

DeepL
Originally computers were people who performed calculations with mechanical table calculators.
Later, electromechanical relay computers and electronic tube computers came into being, which
were eventually replaced by transistor machines.
Originally, computers were people who performed calculations with mechanical desktop calcula-
tors. Later, electromechanical relay computers and electronic tube computers appeared, which were
finally replaced by transistor machines.

Ausgangstext 8
Einer der frühesten Erfinder von Automaten war Heron von Alexandria (1. Jh. n.Chr.). Leonardo da
Vinci, der vor 500 Jahren starb, entwarf äußerst komplexe Roboter, u.a. einen selber fahrenden Wa-

                                                                                                   3

gen, einen mechanischen Löwen und einen mechanischen Krieger. Im 18. Jahrhundert gab es groß-
artige Figurenautomaten (z.B. Zeichen-, Schreib- und Musikautomaten), die heute noch voll funkti-
onsfähig und z.T. auch programmierbar sind.

Google translate
One of the earliest inventors of automatons was Heron of Alexandria (1st century AD). Leonardo da
Vinci, who died 500 years ago, designed extremely complex robots, ia. a self-driving car, a mechan-
ical lion and a mechanical warrior. In the 18th century, there were great figurative machines (such
as drawing, writing and jukeboxes), which are still fully functional and some are still in use today.
are also programmable.
One of the earliest inventors of automatons was Heron of Alexandria (1st century AD). Leonardo da
Vinci, who died 500 years ago, designed extremely complex robots, including a self-driving car, a
mechanical lion and a mechanical warrior. In the 18th century there were great automatic figure
machines (e.g. automatic drawing, typing and music machines) that are still fully functional today
and some. are also programmable.

DeepL
One of the earliest inventors of automatons was Heron of Alexandria (1st century AD). Leonardo da
Vinci, who died 500 years ago, designed extremely complex robots, including a self-propelled car-
riage, a mechanical lion and a mechanical warrior. In the 18th century there were great figure au-
tomatons (e.g. drawing, writing and music automatons), which are still fully functional today and
partly also programmable.
One of the earliest inventors of automatons was Heron of Alexandria (1st century AD). Leonardo da
Vinci, who died 500 years ago, designed extremely complex robots, including a self-propelled car-
riage, a mechanical lion and a mechanical warrior. In the 18th century there were great figure au-
tomatons (e.g. drawing, writing and music automatons), which are still fully functional today and
some of them are also programmable.

Richtige Fachausdrücke
Figurenautomat automaton figure, automated figure
Musikautomat musical automaton, music automaton

Folgerungen
Der Fachbereich künstliche Intelligenz hat viele Erfolge zu verzeichnen. Dennoch sind Zweifel an-
gebracht. Man hat nicht den Eindruck, dass die beiden Übersetzungsprogramme selbst lernend sind
und echte Fortschritte gemacht haben. Das tiefe Lernen erscheint als ziemlich oberflächlich. Man
kann sich fragen, ob ein Ansatz, der vor allem auf Statistik (ungeheure Datenmengen) beruht und
der die Entscheidungen nicht erklären und begründen kann, für anspruchsvolle Texte zielführend
ist.

Herbert Bruderer
Seehaldenstrasse 26
Postfach 47
CH-9401 Rorschach
Schweiz
+41 71 855 77 11
herbert.bruderer@bluewin.ch
bruderer@retired.ethz.ch

9. Juni 2020

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Englische Fassung

Communications of the ACM:
Automatic Translators are Not Really Capable of Learning
https://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm/245468-automatic-translators-are-not-really-capable-of-
learning/fulltext

Meilensteine der Rechentechnik, De Gruyter, 2. Auflage 2018

Meilensteine der Rechentechnik, De Gruyter, 3. Auflage 2020

Milestones in Analog and Digital Computing, Springer, 3rd edition 2020

                                                                                               5

Meilensteine der Rechentechnik, De Gruyter, 1. Auflage 2015

                                                              6