POST 18 OPTIONS 2021-2022 (summary) - The Parents' Guide to
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
The Parents’ Guide to
POST 18 OPTIONS
2021-2022 (summary)
www.theparentsguideto.co.uk | 1
The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
Introduction
What your child chooses to do after sixth study and then decide to increase it
form (or college) is exciting but can be for another year or two to get a higher
nerve-racking. There are lots of options qualification. This flexibility can be very
available and understanding the pros and useful, particularly for students who
cons between different choices can be are not keen to commit to long-term
confusing. studies after school, but find they enjoy
it once they’ve got started. In the case of
It’s not just about deciding whether to degrees, they will need to commit to the
go to work or continue further education length of study (minimum three years)
– although that’s a good starting point. from the beginning.
Important considerations include how
long they want to continue studying, This guide is designed to outline post-18
how they will finance living expenses and options and give a brief introduction
course fees (and whether you can afford to what's involved. If you want to delve
to help them), whether they want to study deeper and find out more, we've included
in a more academic environment or in useful links to other reliable sources'
a more practical environment (such as and The Parents’ Guide to has specialist
studying whilst working). guides for studying at university or
taking apprenticeships. Simply click
Many qualifications can be built upon, so on the picture icons to be taken to our
they may commit to one year of further recommended websites.
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
Level Qualification / educational routes
8
Levels of Education
Doctorate (PhD) NVQ 8
In England, Wales and North-
ern Ireland there are eight
qualification levels (1 - 8)
7 Masters degree (MA) plus an entry level qualifi-
cation for those just start-
ing. Generally, the higher
the level, the more difficult
6 Bachelors degree
BA or BSc
Degree apprenticeship /
NVQ 5, 6, 7
the qualification is. Levels
1-3 are typically taught in
schools and colleges.
5 Foundation degree
FdA or FdSc
Higher National Diploma
(HND)
With so many different
qualifications, it can be hard
to know what they mean
4
and where they might lead
Higher National Higher
to next. To help you un-
Certificate (HNC) apprenticeship / NVQ 4
derstand, we've created a
summary of what the qual-
ifications and levels mean
3 A levels
Grades A-E
International
Baccalaureate
T Levels
BTEC (extended) diploma
BTEC certificate
Advanced
apprenticeship / NVQ 3
highlighting academic, vo-
cational and work-based
routes to higher education.
2 GCSE
Grades 4- 9 (C, B, A or A*)
BTEC first diploma
Intermediate
apprenticeship / NVQ 2
1 GCSE
Grades 1- 3 (D,E,F or G )
Foundation diploma /
entry level qualifications
Traineeship / NVQ 1
Academic route Vocational route Applied / work route
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
LOAN REPAYMENTS AREN’T BASED
University Degree ON HOW MUCH YOUR CHILD
BORROWED, BUT RATHER ON HOW
MUCH THEY EARN LATER
Qualification type Accommodation Costs and living
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science expenses
£-£££
Length of commitment Students may receive a “maintenance
3-4 Years loan” dependent on parents’ income;
however, this is rarely sufficient to cover
Some degrees, such as medicine are all costs and students will either need to
longer supplement by working or have help from
their parents (or both!). Accommodation
Tuition Costs costs will vary depending on where the
student is living – large cities are more
£££ expensive.
Students take out a “tuition fee loan”
to pay course costs. No repayments are Alternatives
made until the student is earning £25k in
the April after graduation and then only Degree apprenticeship, Foundation Year
as a percentage of earnings above £25k.
Payments are paused if salary drops below
£25k. Any outstanding debt is wiped clear
after 30 years.
I’m
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More information site
The Parents’ Support
UCAS
Guide to articles
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
DEGREE APPRENTICESHIPS
OFFER AN EARN WHILE YOU
LEARN ROUTE TO OBTAINING A
Degree Apprenticeships
FULL DEGREE QUALIFICATION
Qualification type Accommodation Costs and living
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science expenses
£-££
Length of commitment A salary is paid, but parents may need
3-4 Years to subsidise living expenses, especially
(Some can be longer, even up to 7 if relocating to an expensive area.
years)
Alternatives
Tuition Costs Advanced apprenticeship, Higher
£0 apprenticeship, Foundation Year
Course costs (at university) are paid by
the company and government.
More information
Amazing Support The Parents’
Gov.UK
Apprentices articles Guide to
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
Non-degree apprenticeships IN 2019 OVER 100 000
STUDENTS UNDER 19 STARTED
AN APPRENTICESHIP
Qualification type Accommodation Costs and living
Advanced or Higher apprenticeship expenses
£-££
Length of commitment A salary is paid, and shorter
6 Months – 3 Years apprenticeships may be local so
students can continue living at home,
Tuition Costs but parents may need to subsidise
living expenses, especially if relocating
£0 to an expensive area for longer
Course costs (usually at college or by apprenticeships.
an education provider) are paid by the
company and government. Alternatives
Higher education courses
More information
Amazing Support The Parents’
Gov.UK
Apprentices articles Guide to
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
COLLEGE COURSES VARY
IN BOTH LENGTH OF STUDY
AND QUALIFICATION TYPE Higher education course
at college
Qualification type Students can apply for an “advanced
Higher National Diplomas (HNDs), learner loan” where repayments are
Higher National Certificates (HNCs), made as a percentage of earnings above
Foundation Courses, Diplomas, a certain threshold. Any outstanding
Vocational courses debt is wiped clear after 25 years.
Length of commitment Accommodation Costs and living
expenses
1 – 3 Years
£
Some are part-time
Students can often find suitable courses
Tuition Costs at colleges commutable from home,
but there are still living expenses to be
££ covered.
Tuition fees need to be paid but these
are less expensive than university fees. Alternatives
Non degree apprenticeships
More information I’m
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National site
Gov.UK Careers
Service
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
Traineeship Job with training
ON-SITE TRAINING MIGHT
Qualification type BE MORE ENJOYABLE THAN
To prepare students for work or to go CLASSROOM TRAINING
on to further education.
Length of commitment
6 weeks to 6 months
Tuition Costs
£0
Training fees are paid by the
government.
Accommodation Costs and living
expenses
£-££
Not paid to work, but some expenses
(such as travel) may be provided.
Accommodation costs may be
expensive if needing to relocate. Qualification type Accommodation Costs and living
Training usually funded by employer, expenses
Alternatives but check that it is a national recognised £
Job with training, internship or qualification, such as a NVQ Salary provided and jobs are usually
apprenticeship within commutable distance from home,
Length of commitment though travel can be expensive.
n/a
Tuition Costs
£0
More information Training funded by the employer. More information
Gov.uk City
Gov.uk
Gateway
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
Job without training / Internship
volunteering Qualification type
Qualification type Accommodation Costs and living None
Going straight into a job offers work expenses
Length of commitment
experience but not a qualification. £
However, it is possible to create a Salary provided (unless volunteering) and 1 month to 6 months
personal training plan if desired. jobs are usually within commutable distance Some might be longer.
from home, though travel can be expensive.
Length of commitment Tuition Costs
n/a Alternatives £0
Internship, traineeship, voluntary work Internships are about gaining practical
Tuition Costs or apprenticeship work experience so there are rarely any
formal qualifications undertaken.
£-££ More information
Any training would be self-funded. Accommodation Costs and living
expenses
Job £-££
boards Legally interns should be paid (unless
WORKING CAN HELP YOUR classed as a volunteer), but many
CHILD DEVELOP KEY aren’t, although some companies may
TRANSFERABLE SKILLS cover travel expenses. Depending on
the location, living and travel expenses
could be costly.
Alternatives
Traineeship, job with training
More information
Personal
Gov.uk
contacts
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The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022 The Parents’ Guide to Post 18 Options (summary) 2021 - 2022
Gap Year Start a business
A GAP YEAR CAN BE SELF
Qualification type FUNDED BY WORKING
Traditionally, this is a year spent PART OF THE YEAR
travelling overseas, but it needn’t
focus exclusively on that. Volunteering
and work experience can also be
incorporated. This is particularly
relevant if Covid continues to restrict
travel through 2021/2022. A gap year
can be taken while entry to university is
being deferred (allowing a year between
leaving school and starting university) or
if university is not the next step at all.
Length of commitment
1 year
Tuition Costs
£0
There are no tuition costs unless
retaking sixth form examinations. Qualification type Accommodation Costs and living
None, but it’s important to have drive, expenses
Accommodation Costs and living commitment and an idea of what £
expenses business idea to pursue. Lots of young people start their businesses
£-£££ online, which means minimal start up costs
Gap years need not be expensive.
Length of commitment and they can continue living at home.
Flights and accommodation are usually n/a
covered for overseas volunteering. Alternatives
Personal travel can be funded by Tuition Costs Start the business whilst working or in
working for part of the year. £-££ education
It may be useful to take some courses
More information More information
to hone skills when setting up a
business. The Prince's Trust, Local
Enterprise Partnership, and New Local
Gap Year Enterprise Allowance offer grants and Enterprise Prince’s Trust
ideas mentoring. Network
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Summary table
University Degree Degree Apprenticeship Non-degree apprenticeship Higher education course at
College
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Advanced or Higher apprenticeship HNDs HNCs, Foundation Courses,
Qualification Science Science Diplomas
type Vocational course
3-4 Years 3-4 Years 6 Months – 3 Years 1 – 3 Years
Length of (Some degrees, such as medicine, are (Some can be longer, even up Some are part-time.
commitment longer) to 7 years)
£££ £0 £0 ££
Students take out a “tuition fee Course costs (at university) Course costs (usually at college or Tuition fees need to be paid but these
loan” to pay course costs. No are paid by the company and by an education provider) are paid are less expensive than university fees.
Tuition Costs repayments are made until the government. by the company and government.
student is earning £25k in the April Students can apply for an “advanced
after graduation. Any outstanding learner loan” where repayments are
debt is wiped clear after 30 years. made as a percentage of earnings above
a certain threshold. Any outstanding
debt is wiped clear after 25 years.
£-£££ £-££ £-££ £
Accommodation May receive a “maintenance loan” A salary is paid, but parents A salary is paid, and shorter Students can often find suitable
Costs and living dependent on parents’ income; may need to subsidise apprenticeships may be local so courses at colleges commutable
expenses however, this is rarely sufficient living expenses, especially if students can continue living at from home, but there are still living
(i.e. food, book, to cover all costs and students relocating to an expensive area. home, but parents may need to expenses to be covered.
travel, going out) will either need to supplement by subsidise living expenses, especially
working or have help from their if relocating to an expensive area for
parents (or both!). longer apprenticeships.
Company sponsored degrees (they Could also consider school Higher education courses Non degree apprenticeships
Alternatives are not an employee but gain leaver programmes (non
work experience from the sponsor degree apprenticeships)
company)
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Traineeship Job with training Job without Internship Gap Year Start a business
training
To prepare students Training usually Going straight into a job None Could include a year None, but it’s
for work or to funded by employer, offers work experience working for a charity or important to have
Qualification go on to further but check that it is a but not a qualification. other employer to gain drive, commitment
type education. national recognised However, it is possible skills – not just about and an idea of what
qualification, such as to create a personal travelling. Can combine A business idea to
NVQ training plan if desired. level retakes in this year. pursue.
6 weeks to n/a n/a 1 month to 1 year n/a
Length of 6 months 6 months
commitment
But some up to a year.
£0 £0 £-££ £0 £0 £-££
Training fees Training funded by Any training would be Internships are about There are no tuition It may be useful to take
are paid by the the employer. self-funded. gaining practical costs unless retaking some courses to hone
Tuition Costs government. work experience so examinations. skills when setting up a
there are rarely any business. The Prince's
formal qualifications Trust, Local Enterprise
undertaken. Partnership, and New
Enterprise Allowance offer
grants and mentoring.
£-££ £ £ £-££ £-£££ £
Not paid to work, Salary provided Salary provided Legally interns should Gap years need not Lots of young people
Accommodation but some expenses and jobs are usually and jobs are usually be paid although be expensive. Flights start their businesses
Costs and living (such as travel) within commutable within commutable many aren’t. Some and accommodation online, which means
expenses may be provided. distance from home, distance from home, companies may cover is usually covered for minimal start up costs
(i.e. food, book, Accommodation though travel can be though travel can be travel expenses. overseas volunteering. and they can continue
travel, going out) costs may be expensive. expensive. Depending on the Personal travel can be living at home.
expensive if needing location, living and funded by working for
to relocate. travel expenses could part of the year.
be costly.
Job with training, Traineeship, job with Start the business
internship or training whilst working or in
Alternatives apprenticeship (if education
they have some work
experience)
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