European Sourcebook 2021 - The added value of the European Sourcebook Stefano Caneppele - Council of Europe
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European Sourcebook 2021 The added value of the European Sourcebook Stefano Caneppele 22 March 2021 Council of Europe
Political, economic, social and technological events
that happened just before and during ESB
• 1989 the fall of Berlin Wall
• 1991 World Wide Web 1999 First ESB (Years covered 1990-1996) with Council of Europe
• 1991-2001 Yugoslav wars 2003 Second ESB (1995-2000) with Switzerland, UK and The
Netherlands
• 1995 Schengen Treaty (entry into force)
• 2001 11th September
2006 Third ESB (2000-2003) self-financed
• 2002 Euro currency
2010 Fourth ESB (2003-2007) self-financed
• 2008-2011 Subprime crisis and European debt crisis
2014
• 2007 Iphone
Fifth ESB (2006-2011) byproduct of EU DECODEUR Project
• 2011-2012 Arab Springs 2021
• Since 2014 War in Donbass Sixth ESB (2011-2016) byproduct of LINCS Council of Europe/EU
• Since 2020 Covid-19 ?
• ? Seventh ESB (2016-2020) with ?
2
25 years of
European
Sourcebook in a
nutshell
It's not that I'm so
smart, it's just that
I stay with
problems longer.
A picture is like
a single datum.
It gives you the
information at
one point.
3
You can not read a datum without a system of reference.
Shall we distinghuish between genuine and ambigous smile?
FINDINGS
Humans recognize happy and non happy faces
faster than blended expressions.
It takes longer to interpret ambiguity.
The brain can quickly distinguish a genuine smile
from a non-genuine smile in a face with angry
eyes, but takes much longer and is much less
accurate in the presence of fearful or neutral eyes.
This would imply that, in whereas they would be much
Negativity bias à tendency not only to register
social contexts, people could lower to tell apart (and more negative stimuli more readily but also to dwell on
easily detect a sarcastic or a inclined to accept as genuine) a
dominance smile, (…) nervous and a polite smile. these events (e.g. Astrazeneca case).
Calvo, M. G., Marrero, H., & Beltrán, D. (2013). When does the brain distinguish between 4
genuine and ambiguous smiles? An ERP study. Brain and cognition, 81(2), 237-246.
The origin of European Sourcebook
• Preliminary study 1993-1996 with Council of Europe
• The European Sourcebook project started in 1996. In that year the
Council of Europe established a committee to prepare a
compendium of crime and criminal justice data for its member states.
• Information was collected from 36 European countries covering the
period 1990 to 1996
• The first step was to create a system of reference: the section
General definition
• But this system of reference was also based on (implicit) principles
5
The principles behind the best possible “movie” on
the European Criminal Justice Systems
RESILIENCY Data that should be collected on regularly basis
VALIDITY Data that should be produced by national institutions
OPENNESS Data that should come as many as European countries possible
INCLUSIVITY Data that should cover different dimensions of criminal justice systems
(police, prosecution, conviction, prison, probation) and, when possible,
to include national victimization survey
CONSISTENCY AND Data will be checked according a standard and public system of
COMPARABILITY reference
QUALITY Repetition of the exercise will elicit data quality over time
INTERSUBJECTIVITY Data will be reviewed by experts
6
It’s just a data
collection
exercise?
No, like a movie, it
is not just a
random collection
of pictures
7
The European Sourcebook Cake
WHAT IS THE ADDED VALUE OF THE ESB?
Layer 3 – Expert group
Layer 2 – National Correspondents
Layer 1 – Data from national institutions
8
The “infrastructures” built on the data exercise
• Competence infrastructure (becoming experts)
• Relational infrastructure (becoming a community)
• Knowledge infrastructure (becoming part of a collective
process that generates knowledge)
9Competence infrastructure (becoming experts)
• Becoming an expert is mainly a matter
of time (you need perseverance in what
you do, not only passion)
• Including new experts in the ESB is not
always easy (they are already busy
since they are already recognized as
experts)
Ericsson, K. A., Krampe, R. T., & Tesch-Römer, C. (1993). The role of deliberate
practice in the acquisition of expert performance. Psychological review, 100(3), 363. 10Relational infrastructure European Sourcebook Conference (Strasbourg, April, 2018) 11
When you take part to the ESB community
• You choose to join the community, you are part of a team and you accept the
values of the community that are those of science (democracy, transparency,
openness)
• You are acknowledged for what you do for the community and you are
accountable for the job you have done (mistakes are possible, we can make
amendments!)
• You are aware that your work may be valuable for other communities
(academic, policy-makers) that may be beneficial for the job you have done
• You are contributing to situating national data in a broader context, detecting
common or divergent trends and learning from other experiences
• You are establishing further connections that may be helpful for in the future
12Knowledge infrastructure
The European Sourcebook (ideal) Cycle (4 or 5 year cycle)
Data and report Research Funding
available on dedicated
website, publication
and academic Kick-off meeting with
journals, conferences the Expert Group
Contact with
National
Public conference with Correspondents
national correspondents
Drafting of the European Data collection
Sourcebook dataset and exercise
publication
Second meeting
Data validation with national
and correction correspondents
13What should be done to further increase the European
Sourcebook Value ? Engagement
«The New York Times also
makes a practice of running
what are called A/B tests on
the digital headlines that
appear on its homepage: Half
of readers will see one
headline, and the other half
will see an alternative
headline, for about half an
hour.
At the end of the test, The
Times will use the headline
that attracted more readers».
https://blog.tjcx.me/p/new-york-times-ab-testing 14Theft 2011-2016 Police Statistics (2011=100) Most of countries showed a decrease in number of cases between 2011 and 2016. Five countries report an increase in the number of thefts during the period, Armenia showing the greatest increase (45%), followed by Azerbaijan (35%) The standard definition of theft is “depriving a person or organization of property with the intent to keep it”. and Belgium Included are minor thefts, thefts committed by means of burglary, theft of motor vehicles and thefts by employees. Attempts are also included here. (27%). Excluded are robberies, fraud and handling with stolen goods. 15
Thank you for your attention European Sourcebook 2021
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