Costa Rica Distributive measures in - United Nations Statistics Division
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Distributive measures in
Costa Rica
United Nations Network of Economic Statisticians Gabriela Saborio
Second Beyond GDP Sprint Meeting
Henry Vargas
March 24th , 2022
The opinions expressed by the presenters do not necessarily represent
those of the Central Bank authorities.
1
Outline
1. Introduction
2. Objectives
3. Methodology
4. Data sources
5. Main results
6. Challenges, lessons learned and next steps
21 Introduction
Economic
policies
Distributional
measures are
needed to assess
Economic
crisis the degree of
inequality
Natural
disasters
32 Project objectives
Develop distributive measures of national accounts
Understand the differences between NA and survey
Develop and test a Improve quality
simplified methodology to
promote measures of Better understanding of
household income and national accounts and The estimation
consumption distribution household surveys to methodology is improved
consistent with national help reconcile micro and as necessary in terms of
accounts. macro sources. international best
practices in the
compilation of national
accounts and household
surveys.
4Project Outcomes
• Increased capacity in Costa Rica
to compile national accounts
distributional measures.
• Increased capacity of the World
Bank to assist its client countries.
53
Methodology
1 2 3 4 5
Adjustments Micro-macro Imputation Cluster Elaborate
to NA totals linkage and households indicators
alignment
EG-DNA methodology followed
64 Data sources
In addition to the Institutional sectorial accounts, the following surveys where used:
Type of Population under
Source Objective Domains Frequency Main topics covered
sourvey study
National Survey Survey to Produce statistical Individual dwelings, 1. National level Household final
of Household households information on spending the households that consumption expenditure,
Income and and patterns and the structure inhabit these 2. Zone urban and non-consumption
rural Five year
Expediture individuals of household income in dwelings and the expenditure, capital
3. Planning region: (2018)
(Enigh) Costa Rica, to update habitual residents expenditure and
consumption and financial of the households. Central, Chorotega, household income and
situation indicators. and the others. savings.
National Survey Household Provide statistical Micro-enterprises of Characteristics of the
of Households survey information related to the households of 1. National level activity, sales, expenses,
Microenterprises (informal economic activity of productive activities 2. Zone urban and assets and financing.
sector) businesses created in of goods or rural
households, in order to services directed to
generate statistics the market, in Anual
necessary for the informal whole or in part. 3. Planning region:
sector. Central, Chorotega,
and the others
75 Main results
➢ Compilation of sequence of household accounts from production, disposable
income, final consumption and saving for year 2017 and then updated for 2018.
➢ Households are grouped: income quintiles, reference person’s gender, reference
person’s economic activity.
➢ Inequality indicators obtained.
1. Variables by household and by consumption unit.
2. Disparity measures.
• Ratio of each group with respect to the mean.
• Max/Min Ratio.
• Variation coefficient.
➢ Distribution of each element of consumption and income by household group.
8Main results by income quintile
5 Ratio to average, adjusted disposable income
3,50
3,00
2,50
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
AUS 2011 AUT 2012 FRA 2011 ISR 2012 MEX 2012 NLD 2011 CHE 2011
PRT 2011 SVN 2012 SWE 2012 GBR 2012 USA 2012 CRI 2018
9Main results by income quintile
5 Ratio to average, income elements 2018
Gross operating surplus Mixed income
3,00 3,50
2,50 3,00
2,50
2,00
2,00
1,50
1,50
1,00
1,00
0,50 0,50
0,00 0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Compensation of employees Interest (not adjusted by FISIM)
3,50 5,00
3,00
4,00
2,50
2,00 3,00
1,50 2,00
1,00
1,00
0,50
0,00 0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
10Main results by income quintile
5 Ratio to average, impact of net current transfers 2018
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
-0,50
-1,00
-1,50
Impact of net current transfers
11Main results by income quintile
5 Ratio to average, actual final consumption expenditure
2,50
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
AUS 2011 AUT 2012 FRA 2011 ISR 2012 MEX 2012 NLD 2011 CHE 2011
PRT 2011 SVN 2012 SWE 2012 GBR 2012 USA 2012 CRI 2018
12Main results by income quintile
5 Ratio to average, consumption elements 2018
Food and non-alcoholic beverages Housing, water, electricity, gas and
1,80 other fuels
1,60 2,50
1,40
1,20 2,00
1,00 1,50
0,80
0,60 1,00
0,40 0,50
0,20
0,00 0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Health Transport
3,00 3,00
2,50 2,50
2,00 2,00
1,50 1,50
1,00 1,00
0,50 0,50
0,00 0,00 13
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5Main results by income quintile
5 Average propensity to consume (%), consumption elements 2018
Food and non-alcoholic Housing, water, electricity, gas
beverages and other fuels
40,00 20,00
30,00 15,00
20,00 10,00
10,00 5,00
0,00 0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
Leisure and culture 5,00
Education
8,00
7,00 4,00
6,00
5,00 3,00
4,00
2,00
3,00
2,00 1,00
1,00
0,00
0,00
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 14
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5Main results by income quintile. Ratio Q5 / Q1
5 Actual final consumption vs. Final consumption expenditure
7,00
6,00
5,00
4,00
3,00
2,00
1,00
0,00
SVN 2012 SWE 2012 AUT 2012 NLD 2011 AUS 2011 CHE 2011 GBR 2012 ISR 2012 FRA 2011 PRT 2011 USA 2012 MEX 2012 CRI 2018
Actual Final Consumption Final Consumption
15Main results by income quintile
5 Saving ratio
60,00%
40,00%
20,00%
0,00%
-20,00%
-40,00%
-60,00%
-80,00%
-100,00%
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5
AUS 2011 AUT 2012 FRA 2011 ISR 2012 MEX 2012 NLD 2011 CHE 2011
PRT 2011 SVN 2012 SWE 2012 GBR 2012 USA 2012 CRI 2018
16Main results by gender of the reference person 2018
5 Ratio to average - Adjusted Ratio to average - Actual final
disposable income consumption expenditure
1,50 1,05
1,00 1,00
0,95
0,50
0,90
0,00 0,85
Male Female Shared Male Female Shared
Saving ratio
25,00%
20,00%
15,00%
10,00%
5,00%
0,00%
-5,00%
Male Female Shared 17Main results by economic activity of reference person
5 Economic activities considered
Agriculture, Livestock, Forestry and Fishing Financial and insurance activities
Mining and quarrying Real estate activities
Manufacturing industries Professional, scientific and technical activities
Supply of electricity, gas, steam and air Administrative and support service activities
conditioning.
Water supply, sewage evacuation, management Public administration and defense; social security
waste and decontamination plans mandatory membership
Construction Teaching
Wholesale and retail trade; vehicle repair of motor Human health care and social assistance
vehicles and motorcycles activities
Transportation and storage Artistic, entertainment and recreational activities
Accommodation and food service activities Other service activities
Information and communications Activities of households as employers
18Main results by economic activity of reference person
5 Adjusted disposable income 2018, ratio to average.
3,50
Real estate activities
3,00
2,50
2,00
Agriculture
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
19Main results by economic activity of reference person
5 Actual final consumption 2018, ratio to average.
2,50
Professional, scientific and
technical activities
2,00
Agriculture
1,50
1,00
0,50
0,00
206 Challenges, lessons learned and next steps
➢ Sectorial accounts and ENIGH do not refer to the same year.
❖ Reference year for the accounts was 2017 (latest available year) while ENIGH reference
period was 2018.
❖ Results were updated once the accounts for 2018 were available.
❖ Introduce wealth
➢ Tried to avoid using structure of aggregates when data on components is missing.
❖ Favored the use of a combination of survey variables.
❖ Better results in terms of micro-macro gaps.
➢ Adjustments needed on both micro and macro sides.
❖ Outlier households in certain variables such as dividends were eliminated from the study
due to their impact.
216 Challenges, lessons learned and next steps
➢ Working file structure facilitates the compilation of distributional results.
❖ Collaboration from NSI and Central Bank’s side was critical.
❖ Better results in terms of micro-macro gaps.
22Distributive measures in
Costa Rica
United Nations Network of Economic Statisticians Gabriela Saborio
Second Beyond GDP Sprint Meeting
Henry Vargas
March 24th , 2022
The opinions expressed by the presenters do not necessarily represent
those of the Central Bank authorities.
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