AVIATION SMARTWATCHES - Energizing your time in the sky - COPA
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The Journal of the Canadian Owners and Pilots Association MARCH 2021 More than 45 Classified Ads (p.30) AVIATION SMARTWATCHES Energizing your time in the sky CROSS COUNTRY TWICE FREEDOM DURING A PANDEMIC GETTING READY FOR SPRING SEASON TRANSITION SAFETY TIPS GET DOWN PLAN NINE STEPS THAT COULD SAVE YOUR LIFE
NEW 406 MHZ ELT MANDATE Upgrade by November 25, 2021 The new Industry Canada regulations require all aircraft, with limited exceptions, flying in Canada to upgrade to a 406 MHz Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT). All commercial air operators, foreign aircraft and private operators will need to be upgraded to a 406 MHz ELT, like the ARTEX ELT 345 no later than November 25, 2021, while recreational operators have until November 25, 2025 to comply with the new regulations, however the cost of service to maintain the legacy 121.5 MHz ELTs required on their aircraft with annual battery replacements make upgrading to a 406 MHz ELT more attractive. The ELT 345 boasts an industry low price for an ELT providing the same quality and performance on which the ARTEX brand was built. Optional GPS data is embedded within the first emergency transmission and provides Search and Rescue personnel with the aircraft location, within 100 meters, in less than a minute. Learn more at www.CanadaELTmandate.com ELT 345™ 406MHz General Aviation ELT • 406 MHz ELT with 121.5 MHz Homing and • ELT Kit Configurations with multiple GPS Interface whip antennas and remote switches • FAA TSO / Industry Canada Approved • Installation Kit Included YOUR BEST LAST CHANCE
CONTENTS DEPARTMENTS 4 PRESIDENT’S CORNER SAFETY, RPAS AND CONNECTING WITH COPA FLIGHTS 6 NEWSLINE A VICTORY FOR AVIATION AT CYHU 27 10 INCIDENTS & ACCIDENTS OCCURRENCES BY REGION 14 CONTROL COLUMN FEATURES GOOD PILOT, BAD PILOT 15 SAFETY SERIES DISTRACTED TO EMBARRASSMENT 20 GETTING READY FOR SPRING Peter Campbell on staying safe during the transition from Winter to Summer flying 18 PLANE TECH WHAT’S NEW IN AVIATION WATCHES 24 P6 – HAVE A GET DOWN PLAN 42 DISPATCHES Alan Hepburn outlines nine steps that can save your life during adverse weather RECOGNIZING CANADIAN AVIATION CONTRIBUTIONS WITH COPA 27 TWICE ACROSS CANADA DURING A PANDEMIC Tom Comet shares inspiration to connect with family, friends and the freedom to fly ABOVE: Tom Comet prepares his 1977 Skymaster for a cross-country trip from his home base in Brantford, CYFD. 32 BUILDING EDAT IN MIRABEL Bell Textron prepares to optimize Electrically Distributed Anti-Torque innovation COVER PHOTO: Garmin International Inc. Clark Morawetz 905-809-4835, cmorawetz@copanational.org Québec COPA BOARD OF DIRECTORS READER SERVICE Jonathan Beauchesne, Treasurer Print and digital subscription inquires 514-585-3959, jbeauchesne@copanational.org or changes, please contact B.C. & Yukon Jay Doshi, Audience Development Manager Warwick Patterson Tel: (416) 510-5124 Mathieu Delorme 604-849-0407, wpatterson@copanational.org Fax: (416) 510-6875 514-248-5379, mdelorme@copanational.org Email: jdoshi@annexbusinessmedia.com Mail: 111 Gordon Baker Rd., Suite 400, Kate Klassen Atlantic Toronto, ON M2H 3R1 604-366-8211, kklassen@copanational.org Bill Mahoney, Eastern Vice-Chair EDITOR 709-685-6885, bmahoney@copanational.org Alberta & N.W.T. Jon Robinson Henry Vos, Treasurer jrobinson@annexbusinessmedia.com Newfoundland and Labrador 647-448-6188 780-835-1992, hvos@copanational.org Bill Mahoney, Chair 709-685-6885, bmahoney@copanational.org CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Ken Zachkewich, Western Vice-Chair Jonathan Beauchesne, Peter Campbell, Tom Comet, 780-623-0673, kzachkewich@copanational.org Alan Hepburn, Phil Lightstone, Brian Pound, Maritimes Anna Rusinowski Brian Pinsent Saskatchewan 506-383-1867, bpinsent@copanational.org MEDIA DESIGNER Candace Pardo Brooke Shaw 306-621-7181. cpardo@copanational.org Debbie Brekelmans DISPLAY & CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING SALES 902-499-7941, dbrekelmans@copanational.org Manitoba & Nunavut Mena Miu mmiu@annexbusinessmedia.com Jim Bell, Secretary Ex-Officio 416-510-6749 204-293-5402, jbell@copanational.org Christine Gervais, CEO and President ACCOUNT CO-ORDINATOR 613-236-4901, cgervais@copanational.org Northern Ontario Barb Vowles Lloyd Richards bvowles@annexbusinessmedia.com 416-510-5103 705-267-7111, lrichards@copanational.org Canadian Owners and Pilots Association 75 Albert Street, Suite 903, GROUP PUBLISHER/VP SALES Southern Ontario Martin McAnulty Ottawa, ON K1P 5E7 Kevin Elwood mmcanulty@annexbusinessmedia.com 705-444-9461, kelwood@copanational.org PUBLICATION MAIL AGREEMENT #40065710 613-236-4901 | www.copanational.org COPA Flight is published under contract Doug Ronan, Eastern Vice-Chair Find us on Facebook and Instagram to COPA by Annex Business Media 705-327-4730, dronan@copanational.org @copanational #allforflight COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021 3
FROM THE TOP PRESIDENT’S CORNER WITH CHRISTINE GERVAIS LOOKING AHEAD: SAFETY, RPAS & FLIGHTS One of the questions I get asked the Next up is the new RPAS Program: with young minds looking to enter most these days relates to the COPA Remote Piloted Aircraft Systems this exciting world! This initiative will National plan for the year to come. (RPAS) are becoming routine aircraft inevitably become part of the COPA At this current state of affairs, we all in Canada’s airspace. COPA is keeping for Kids program and Discover GA yearn to look forward, toward some- a close eye on the rapid development program which will both see some thing, and find a glimpse of normalcy. of RPAS (UAV) technology and active- modernization throughout the year. What better time to share what COPA ly seeking ways of working with the We are also looking for ways to has in store for you this year! drone community, air navigation service connect with our COPA Flights. You are Let’s start by talking about some provider and the regulator to ensure our biggest advocates and we want to new programs. The new COPA Safety that Canadian skies can be shared by cherish that. Please send us an invitation Program was developed to play an all users in a safe and effective manner. to your next COPA Flight meeting for a important role in mitigating the in- COPA will introduce a new membership meet-and-greet and we will gladly elab- herent risks associated with flying by geared for RPAS pilots (but available to orate on our plans as well as welcome helping pilots enhance their skills and all members) with all the benefits that your feedback on ideas to connect not knowledge, resulting in the potential just with COPA National, but with other decrease of incidents and accidents. COPA Flights, and this through these Many of you have attended our Janu- “COPA is keeping a unprecedented times as well as to es- ary online Safety Seminar. As part of tablish this connection post-pandemic. close eye on the rapid the COPA Safety Program, COPA will There is plenty of activity happening be hosting these monthly online sem- development of RPAS and behind the scenes, with the regulator, inars highlighting key safety consider- the air navigation service provider actively seeking ways to ations for general aviation pilots. Little and all our other stakeholder and we did we know that 1,300 of our closest work with the community.” are working very hard to communi- friends would register! (See page 8 for cate these with you. COVID rules have the current schedule.) Rest assured, been changing rapidly, level of service moving forward, these seminars will come with being a COPA member: Ad- in controlled airspace is in jeopardy be open to thousands of members vocacy, COPA RPAS insurance program, and hopefully you have been reading and general aviation enthusiasts alike. discounts for training, safety seminars, about this in COPA eFlight, member Please visit our website, Flying in industry-related articles in COPA Flight emails and the Advocacy page on our Canada, Safety Program, for updates and COPA eFlight, and much more. website. PHOTO: DJI PHANTOM of this year’s seminar topics. Four will A mentorship program is also in the What I am looking forward to the meet the 24-month pilot recurrent works to enable a connection between most is getting in that aircraft and training program (PRTP) requirements experienced members of the aviation landing at your airport and shaking of CAR 401.05), so register early! community from across the country some hands! 4 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
MOT DE LA PRÉSIDENTE PAR CHRISTINE GERVAIS UN REGARD VERS Discount Avionics • • • L’AVENIR PROCHE L’une des questions qui me sont le plus une nouvelle adhésion destinée aux pi- souvent posées ces jours-ci concerne le lotes de SATP (mais accessible à tous les plan national de la COPA pour cette an- membres) avec tous les avantages d’un née. Dans l’état actuel des choses, nous membre de la COPA : représentations FOR souhaitons tous regarder vers l’avant et des intérêts, programme d’assurance PRICE ION BEST IC AT ERTIF trouver un semblant de normalité. Quel SATP de la COPA, rabais pour la forma- ELT C OTH NEW meilleur moment pour partager avec tion, séminaires sur la sécurité, articles FOR B MODELS ER vous ce que la COPA vous réserve cette tirés de l’industrie dans COPA Flight et + OLD année ! COPA eFlight, et bien plus encore. Commençons par discuter de Un programme de mentorat est égale- quelques nouveaux programmes. Le ment en cours de développement afin programme de sécurité de la COPA a été de permettre une connexion entre les élaboré afin de jouer un rôle important membres expérimentés de la commu- dans l’atténuation des risques inhérents nauté de l’aviation de tout le pays et les au vol en aidant les pilotes à améliorer jeunes esprits qui cherchent à entrer leurs compétences et leurs connaissanc- dans ce monde passionnant ! Cette es, ce qui pourrait entrainer une dimi- initiative fera inévitablement partie du nution des incidents et des accidents. programme COPA pour les jeunes et du Beaucoup d’entre vous ont participé à programme Découvrir l’AG, qui seront notre premier séminaire de sécurité en tous deux modernisés tout au long de Sale Ser ice ligne au mois de janvier. Dans le cadre l’année. de son programme de sécurité, la COPA Nous cherchons également des moy- e air tatio for all ead et organisera ces séminaires mensuels ens d’interagir avec nos Clubs COPA. actor t ori ed ealer for en ligne qui mettront en vedettes les Vous êtes nos plus ardents défenseurs Tec i o ic d trie T principales considérations de sécurité et nous tenons à vous remercier. Veuillez da t r aro d ti e o pour les pilotes de l’aviation générale. nous envoyer une invitation à votre pro- T certificatio Nous ne savions pas que 1,300 de nos chaine rencontre et nous serons heureux rte a ad oi ter amis les plus proches s’inscriraient ! d’élaborer nos plans avec vous et de eri i C S ter Veuillez consulter notre site Web, Voler recevoir vos idées afin d’établir une rela- T au Canada, Programme de sécurité, pour tion subsistante non seulement avec le re c li er ice obtenir le calendrier complet des sujets siège national, mais aussi avec les autres des séminaires de cette année (quatre Clubs COPA, et ce post pandémie. d’entre eux répondront aux exigences De nombreuses activités se déroulent du Programme de formation périodique en coulisses, avec Transport Canada, S S ST des pilotes de 24 mois du RAC 401.05) NAV CANADA ainsi qu’avec toutes nos T S et inscrivez-vous dès que possible ! parties prenantes, et nous travaillons SS La prochaine étape est le nouveau sans cesse afin de communiquer les con- programme SATP. Les pilotes d’aéronefs clusions avec vous. Les règlements de la S SS télépilotés (ATP) deviennent des COVID ont évolué rapidement, le niveau utilisateurs réguliers de l’espace aérien de service dans l’espace aérien contrôlé canadien. La COPA suit de près le dével- est en danger. Nous espérons que vous CONV Box 3635 oppement rapide de la technologie des avez lu à ce sujet dans le COPA eFLight, Systèmes ATP (SATP) et cherche active- dans les divers courriels adressés aux ment des moyens de travailler avec la membres et sur la page REPRÉSENTA- Cochrane Ontario communauté des drones, NAV CANADA TION de notre site Web. Canada P0L1C0 et Transport Canada afin de s’assurer Il me tarde tant que la pandémie nous Office: 877-878-8363 que le ciel à la verticale du Canada, quitte afin de pouvoir monter dans un Cell: 705-272-9179 demeure sécuritaire et les opérations avion et d’atterrir à votre aéroport et demeurent efficaces. La COPA introduira www.discountavionics.com vous serrez la main ! COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021 5
NEWSLINE CYHU, A LEGAL VICTORY FOR AVIATION BY JONATHAN BEAUCHESNE, DIRECTOR, COPA QUÉBEC On January 14, the judgment oppos- The judge stressed that such noise some will likely follow the CAPA-L in any ing the members of the Aircraft An- mitigation measures are not the respon- subsequent legal proceedings since the ti-Pollution Committee - Longueuil sibility of the Superior Court of Quebec, Quebec legal system will potentially re- (CAPA-L) to most of the commercial but of the Minister of Transport since strict their access to the courts. operators based in or passing through aviation is under exclusively federal ju- In recent years, airmen across the St-Hubert airport (CYHU) was ren- risdiction. Dividing Canadian airspace country have wondered what is hap- dered. The case, heard on December with different rules, especially for a sat- pening in Quebec with legal and ad- 21, 2020, in the Superior Court of Que- ellite airport in a Canadian metropolis, ministrative proceedings involving bec by the Honorable Justice Martin does not make sense and could lead to several aerodromes in the province for Castonguay, J.C.S. had an outcome all security issues (our interpretation). The about 10 years (Saint-André-Avelin, in favour of aviation. case was thus declared non-justiciable. Lac-à-la-Tortue, Neuville, St -Cuthbert, In their request, the members of CA- But that’s not all. Compensation Mascouche, Pintendre, St-Hubert). Un- PA-L called for restrictions on hours was requested in favour of each of the fortunately, there is no answer to this of operation to apply to heavy com- members of CAPA-L, without however question. The bright side of this decade mercial aircraft, such as Airbus A320s designating them. Judge Castonguay in the courts has been the creation of a and Boeing 737s, as well as the estab- emphasized the illegality and boundless solid body of case law that can be used lishment of limits on the duration and recklessness of this request. In addition, in other cases involving aviation across length sound intensity of the devices. in his decision, the judge underlined the the country. We can only thank all these In addition, the CAPA-L required that quarrelsome nature of the members of aviators for their resilience in the face all aircraft landing or taking off from CAPA-L. This led, he said, to abusive legal of opponents, even if it sometimes CYHU be equipped with silencers. action on their part. This label of quarrel- needed to be quarrelsome. CYHU : UNE AUTRE VICTOIRE JURIDIQUE POUR L’AVIATION PAR JONATHAN BEAUCHESNE, DIRECTEUR COPA POUR LE QUÉBEC Le 14 janvier dernier, le jugement opposant les membres du terprétation). La cause fut ainsi déclarée non-justiciable. Comité Anti-Pollution des Avions – Longueuil (CAPA-L) à la Un dédommagement était demandé en faveur de chacun plupart des opérateurs commerciaux basés ou transitant par des membres du CAPA-L, sans toutefois les désigner. Le juge l’aéroport de St-Hubert (CYHU) fut rendu. La cause, enten- Castonguay a souligné l’illégalité et la témérité sans limite de due le 21 décembre 2020 à la Cour supérieure du Québec cette demande. Le juge a souligné le caractère quérulent des par l’honorable juge Martin Castonguay, J.C.S. a connu un membres du CAPA-L. Cela a mené, selon lui, à des démarches dénouement tout en faveur de l’aviation. juridiques abusives de leur part. Cette étiquette de quérulence Dans leur requête, les membres du CAPA-L demandaient suivra probablement le CAPA-L dans d’éventuelles démarches que des restrictions d’heures d’opérations s’appliquent aux juridiques ultérieures puisque le système juridique québécois avions commerciaux lourds, tels que des Airbus A320 et Boe- restreindra potentiellement leur accès aux tribunaux. ing 737 ainsi que la mise en place de limites quant à la durée Depuis quelques années, les aviateurs du pays se deman- et l’intensité sonore des appareils. En plus, le CAPA-L exigeait dent ce qui se passe au Québec avec des démarches judici- que tout avion atterrissant ou décollant de CYHU soit muni de aires et administratives impliquant plusieurs aérodromes de silencieux. Le juge a souligné que de telles mesures d’atténu- la province depuis environ 10 ans (Saint-André-Avelin, Lac-à- ation de bruit ne sont pas du ressort de la Cour supérieure du la-Tortue, Neuville, St-Cuthbert, Mascouche, Pintendre, St-Hu- Québec, mais bien du Ministre des Transports puisque l’avia- bert). Il n’y a malheureusement pas de réponse à cette ques- tion est de juridiction exclusivement fédérale. Scinder l’espace tion. Le côté positif de cette décennie devant les tribunaux aérien canadien avec des règles différentes, d’autant plus pour est la création d’une base de jurisprudence solide pouvant un aéroport satellite d’une métropole du Canada, ne fait pas être utilisée dans d’autres causes impliquant l’aviation un peu de sens et pourrait entraîner des enjeux de sécurité (notre in- partout au pays. 6 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
A VACATION DESTINATION A part of the country worth explroring! CAMP UNDER-WING An unforgettable experience at the airport THREE UNINTERRUPTED DAYS OF FUN Socialize, discover, learn and celebrate! JUNE 24-27 Postponed to 2022 - date TBD Register today: www.copanational.org/en/ JUIN, 2021 Reporté à 2022 - Date à déterminer UNE DESTINATION POUR VOS VACANCES Une région du pays à découvrir CAMPER SOUS L'AILE Une expérience inoubliable à l'aéroport TROIS JOURS DE PLAISIR ININTERROMPUS Socialisez, découvrez, apprenez et célébrez! Inscrivez-vous maintenant: www.copanational.org/fr/
NEWSLINE YOU CAN LOCK US DOWN, BUT YOU CAN’T KEEP US DOWN BY GORD MAHAFFY, COPA FLIGHT 70 Like many other COPA Flights, COPA-70 (Oshawa) has shown stars with some creative use for the banners. determination and imagination in keeping the Flight together General aviation isn’t the only form of flying going on in this during these more severe lockdowns. And the good news is area. Just 35 kilometres north of Oshawa, Lake Scugog pres- there is still a lot of aviation activity going on in the Oshawa ents a frozen wonderland. Those lucky enough to be flying ski- area. Below are a few examples of how our team is working equipped aircraft have runways available that are longer than any together. paved runway at our international airports. Further more, you can On Jan 30, Rick Nidha (Co-captain of COPA Flight-70 ) and always land into the wind. Here you will find quite a mixture of member Randy Domm flew from Oshawa to Lake Simcoe Re- aircraft types like Powered Paragliders, Trikes, Homebuilts and gional Airport for the pure joy of being airborne. While airborne Certified Aircraft. they were able to make a call to Da Vinci’s Gate Pizza restaurant Strangely enough, the aviation community around Oshawa has (705-487-0999) and order what they describe as the best air- learned a few things from “Bird Watchers”. One of the more re- port pizza they have ever had and the best excuse for going back laxed pass times for aviation enthusiasts is to sit in Palmer Park in to Lake Simcoe Regional. Upon arrival they picked up the pizza Port Perry, located on the south end of Lake Scugog and “Plane at the front door. It’s true they had to eat it in the plane but sitting, Watch”. This is facilitated by having a portable aviation radio ca- warm and comfortable, at an airport, eating pizza, and watching pable of scanning local frequencies. (120.1 – Oshawa Tower, 123.0 airplanes is still a great way to spend a Saturday afternoon. – Peterborough, 122.9 – Scugog Area 122.725 – Lindsay). On a Open air gatherings were still allowed at this time but limited flyable day there is enough traffic in the area to keep the radio to five people. COPA-70 members Rick Nidha, Randy Domm and chatter constant. As an added bonus, Port Perry is the reporting Cheryl Marek found a private skating rink and a couple of old point for planes from the north who will be landing at Oshawa. It COPA-70 banners. This provided an evening of skating under the is a good way to keep your communications skills sharp. SAFER SKIES THROUGH ONLINE TRAINING Experienced pilots are committed to mitigate risks before we confront them CAN’T MAKE IT TO A SEMINAR? lifelong learning. Through the COPA in the air. The first topic will focus on the RECORDINGS & FAQS AVAILABLE TO Safety Program, we invite you to join En Route portion of flight and the sec- MEMBERS us online each month for free training ond half of the seminar will address how Recordings and a document of frequent- seminars to gain new knowledge and to to manage the risk of flying GA aircraft ly asked questions for each seminar are enhance your skills. This new program as we emerge from the COVID–19 lock- made available on the COPA website. To plays an important role in mitigating the down. access, sign-in to your account and vis- inherent risks associated with flying by it the COPA Safety Program webpage: highlighting key safety considerations GETTING READY FOR SUMMER www.copanational.org/en/safety. The for pilots. Note: Four of the seminars FLYING | APRIL 17 AT 11:30 AM EST COPA Safety Program webpage can (provided in March, June, September (REGISTER ONLINE) also be found on the navigation menu and December) meet the 24-month re- The April seminar will first walk partic- of the COPA website under the Flying current training program requirements ipants through best practices for safer in Canada. Additionally, each seminar of CAR 401.05. takeoffs and landings. The topic for the attended by a member qualifies for one second presentation will cover the po- entry into an annual draw. UPCOMING SEMINARS tentially dramatic changes in weather The COPA Safety Program is support- EN ROUTE AND POST-LOCKDOWN patterns as we move into summer flight ed by the COPA Flight Safety Founda- FLYING | MARCH 20, 2021, AT 11:30 operations. tion and provides a variety of aviation AM EST (REGISTER ONLINE) To save your spot for these seminars safety related educational material and The March seminar meets the 24-month (registration is on a first come, first training services to the Canadian Gen- recurrent training programs of CAR serve basis) or to view the full schedule, eral Aviation community. We thank Ta- 401.05. In the broadcast, we will exam- please visit the COPA website: www.co- nis Aircraft Products for sponsoring this ine how we can fly smarter and plan to panational.org/en/safety. program. 8 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
NEWSLINE UN CIEL PLUS SÉCURITAIRE GRÂCE À LA FORMATION EN LIGNE site web de la COPA: www.copanational.org/fr/securite. VOUS NE POUVEZ PAS ASSISTER À L’UN DES SÉMI- NAIRES? LES ENREGISTREMENTS ET FAQ SERONT DIS- PONIBLES POUR LES MEMBRES Les enregistrements et un document de questions fréque- mment posées pour chaque séminaire sont disponibles sur le site de la COPA. Pour y accéder, connectez-vous à votre compte et visitez la page web du programme de sécurité de la COPA: www.copanational.org/fr/securite. Le Programme de Sécurité de la COPA se trouve également dans le menu de navigation sous la rubrique Voler au Canada. De plus, chaque séminaire complété par un member donne le droit à avoir un Les grands pilotes s’engagent à apprendre tout au long de billet (ticket) au tirage annuel. leur vie. Et grâce au programme de sécurité de la COPA, Le programme de sécurité de la COPA est soutenu par la nous vous invitons à vous joindre chaque mois a notre sémi- Fondation pour la sécurité aérienne de la COPA et fournit naires de formation gratuits, afin d’acquérir de nouvelles une variété de matériel éducatif et des services de forma- connaissances et d’améliorer vos compétences en matière tion liés à la sécurité aérienne à la communauté de l’aviation de gestion des risques et de prise de décision. Ce nouveau générale canadienne. programme joue un role important dans l’atténuation des ris- ques inhérents au vol en mettant en evidence les principales considerations de sécurité pour les pilotes. Note: quatre des séminaires (dispensés en mars, juin, septembre et décembre) répondent aux exigences du pro- gramme de formation périodique de 24 mois du RAC 401.05. SÉMINAIRES À VENIR VOL EN ROUTE ET VOL POST-CONFINEMENT | 20 MARS 2021 À 11H30 EST (INSCRIPTION EN LIGNE) Le séminaire de mars répond aux programmes de formation récurrente de 24 mois du RAC 401.05. Dans l’émission, nous examinerons comment voler plus intelligemment et plani- fierons l’atténuation des risques avant de les affronter dan l’air. Le premier sujet se concentrera sur la partie du vol en WE BUILD route et la deuxième partie du séminaire traitera la manière AND ERECT de gérer le risque de piloter des avions de l’AG alors que ANY SIZE nous sortons du confinement COVID-19. HANGAR SE PRÉPARER POUR LES VOLS D’ÉTÉ | 17 AVRIL À 11H30 EST (INSCRIPTION EN LIGNE) Le séminaire d’avril commencera par présenter aux partic- ipants les meilleures pratiques pour des décollages et des Entire hangar projects from engineered plans, site preparation, atterrissages plus en sécurité. La deuxième présentation PHOTO: © DAMIRCUDIC/GETTY construction and bi-fold doors delivered and installed. traitera des chagements potentiellement importants dans Hangars are a custom hybrid steel and wood design. les modèles météorologiques alors que nous dirigeons vers Interior finishing of hangars. des opérations aériennes d’été. And so much more! Pour réserver votre place pour ces séminaires (l’inscription se fait selon le principe du premier arrivé, premier servi) ou Phone: (905) 462-6312 | E-mail: info-sales@xplornet.ca pour consulter le programme complet, veuillez consulter le www.aircraftstructures.ca COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021 9
NEWSLINE INCIDENTS + ACCIDENTS The following occurrence reports are tre line of the runway. The crew and pas- ings. The aircraft’s profile on final was taken in part from Transport Canada’s sengers then exited the aircraft without higher than the anticipated flight path CADORS website. injury. The aircraft sustained substantial and the aircraft touched farther down damage and was subsequently removed the runway than was desired. On touch- ONTARIO REGION from the runway. An inspection of the down, the instructor took control of the TSB Report #A20C0106: C-FWAL, a aircraft by the operator’s maintenance aircraft and applied the brakes, but un- Pilatus PC-12/47 operated by Air Bra- personnel revealed that the right hand like the previous landing on the wet run- vo as flight AB1776, was on descent for nose gear drag brace had failed. way, the braking action was poor. The Runway 25 at Thunder Bay, ON (CYQT) pilot-in-command (PIC) determined that with 2 crew and 3 passengers on board. PRAIRIES REGION conditions did not permit a go-around. During the initial descent, the crew heard Aviation Incident Report #16829: Apron The aircraft overran the end of the run- a loud bang coming from the nose of the congestion occurred at St. Theresa Point, way, traversed a 250 foot grass field, aircraft, followed by an immediate “nose MB (CYST). The following 7 aircraft were crossed a ditch, and came to rest in a gear unsafe” indication in the cockpit. on the apron: a Calm Air Aerospatiale field approximately 300 feet beyond the During final approach, the crew select- ATR 42-320 (C-GKKR); an MHA Enter- runway threshold. The pilot shut down ed “landing gear down” and received prises Ltd. Piper PA-32-300 (C-GWCP); the aircraft and evacuated with the stu- a “down and locked” indication for the an MHA Enterprises Ltd. Piper PA-32- dent. There were no injuries, but the air- left and right main gear, but the “nose 300 (C-FWLE); a Custom helicopters craft sustained substantial damage to gear unsafe” indication remained. Cy- Ltd. Bell 206L-1 (C-GIPG); a Keewatin its propeller, engine cowling, windshield, cling of the landing gear and use of the Air Beech 200 (C-FSPN); a Keewatin Air lower fuselage, and landing gear. Mainte- emergency gear extension failed to get Beech B200 (C-FSAO); and a Northway nance crews recovered the aircraft and a “nose gear down and locked” indica- Aviation Ltd. Pilatus PC-12/47E (C-GN- an aircraft maintenance organization will tion. A fly-by the tower revealed that the WX). The CYST apron dimension is 300ft assess the extent of the damage. nose gear was only partially extended. by 150ft (91m x 46m), for an area of The crew conducted several firm touch- 45,000 square ft. (4,186 square metres). TSB Report #A20P0103: A private- downs on the runway to try and force ly registered Piper PA-28-200 Arrow the nose gear down, but was unsuccess- PACIFIC REGION II was conducting a recreational flight ful. The crew then requested to land on TSB Report #A20P0101: C-FNJB, a from, and returning to, Langley, BC Runway 12 and declared an emergency. Cessna 172P operated by Canadian (CYNJ), with the pilot and 1 passenger While on short final, the engine was in- Flight Centre, was conducting circuit on board. During the landing roll, direc- tentionally shut down and the aircraft training at Pitt Meadows, BC (CYPK), tional control was lost, and the aircraft was force landed. During the landing, with 1 instructor and 1 student on board. went off the left side of Runway 01 and the nose gear collapsed completely and The exercise being conducted prior to came to rest on the intersecting runway. the aircraft came to a stop on the cen- the occurrence was practice forced land- During the excursion, the aircraft collided 10 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
NEWSLINE with two aerodrome signs, one per wing, on the wrong side of the hold short line. les passagers ont évacué l’aéronef sans and the aircraft sustained damage to the blessure. L’aéronef a subi des dommag- wing leading edges and the right flap. RÉGION DE L’ONTARIO es importants et a été enlevé de la piste. The aircraft was able to taxi to the apron Rapport du BST no A20C0106: C-FWAL, Une inspection de l’aéronef par le per- under its own power; there were no in- un Pilatus PC-12/47 exploité par Air Bra- sonnel de maintenance de l’exploitant a juries. The aircraft is being inspected by vo assurant le vol AB1776, effectuait une révélé que la contrefiche de train avant maintenance to confirm the extent of the descente vers la piste 25 à Thunder Bay droite avait subi une défaillance. damage. (CYQT), ON avec deux membres d’équi- page et trois passagers à bord. Durant la RÉGION DU PRAIRIES QUEBEC REGION descente initiale, l’équipage a entendu un Rapport d’incident aéronautique no On approach to Runway 28 at Gaspé/ fort bruit provenant du nez de l’aéronef, 16829 : Embouteillage sur l’aire de trafic Michel Pouliot, QC (CYGP), a Govern- puis il y a immédiatement eu une indica- survenu à St. Theresa Point (CYST), MB. ment of Quebec de Havilland DHC-8-315 tion de train avant non verrouillé dans le Les 7 aéronefs suivants se trouvaient sur (C-GURM/QUE40-M) from Sept-Îles, QC poste de pilotage. Durant l’approche fi- l’aire de trafic : un Aérospatiale ATR 42- (CYZV) to Gaspé/Michel-Pouliot, QC nale, l’équipage a sélectionné la sortie du 320 (C-GKKR), exploité par Calm Air; un (CYGP) experienced problems with the train d’atterrissage, et il a reçu une indi- Piper PA-32-300 (C-GWCP), exploité area navigation (RNAV) and had to per- cation de train sorti et verrouillé pour les par MHA Enterprises Ltd.; un Piper PA- form a go-around to redo a very high fre- trains principaux gauche et droit, mais 32-300 (C-FWLE), exploité par MHA En- quency omnidirectional range (VOR) ap- l’indication de train avant non verrouillé terprises Ltd.; un Bell 206L-1 (C-GIPG), proach for Runway 28. QUE40-M landed est restée. La rentrée et la sortie du train exploité par Custom helicopters Ltd.; un without further problems at 1508Z. d’atterrissage et l’utilisation de la sor- Beech 200 (C-FSPN), exploité par Kee- tie d’urgence du train n’ont pas permis watin Air; un Beech B200 (C-FSAO), ATLANTIC REGION d’obtenir une indication de train avant exploité par Keewatin Air; et un Pila- An aircraft was heard keying the micro- et sorti et verrouillé. Un survol de la tour tus PC-12/47E (C-GNWX), exploité par phone repeatedly. After determining a permis de constater que le train avant Northway Aviation Ltd. Les dimensions that the aircraft was a Moncton Flight était seulement partiellement sorti. L’éq- de l’aire de trafic à CYST sont de 300 pi College Diamond DA 20-C1 (C-GPUX) uipage a effectué quelques touchers des sur 150 pi (91 m x 46 m), pour une su- from Moncton/Romeo LeBlanc, NB roues fermes sur la piste pour forcer la perficie de 45 000 mètres carrés (4 186 (CYQM) to Moncton/Romeo LeBlanc, sortie du train, mais cela n’a pas fonction- mètres carrés). NB (CYQM), the aircraft was asked to né. L’équipage a ensuite demandé d’at- squawk its identification and was de- terrir sur la piste 12 et a déclaré une ur- RÉGION DU PACIFIQUE termined to be receiver only (RONLY). gence. En courte finale, le moteur a été Rapport du BST no A20P0101 : C-FNJB, The aircraft then squawked 7600. Once arrêté intentionnellement et l’équipage un Cessna 172P exploité par le Canadian inbound, the aircraft was then heard call- a effectué un atterrissage forcé. Durant Flight Centre, effectuait un entraînement ing and was asked to change back to the l’atterrissage, le train avant s’est affaissé en circuit à Pitt Meadows (CYPK), BC, previous code. After landing, the aircraft complètement et l’aéronef s’est immo- avec un instructeur et un élève à bord. failed to vacate the runway by stopping bilisé sur l’axe de la piste. L’équipage et Avant l’événement, ceux-ci réalisaient Automatic Aircraft Journey Logs sharing made Maintenance Tracking Activity Notifications easier. Flight Monitoring Pilot Usage Reports Service starts at $169 CAD / year | 60 day trial www.airbly.com | 1.888.747.4565 | Made in Canada COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021 11
NEWSLINE INCIDENTS + ACCIDENTS We are proud to announce our new Online Parts Catalog. This tool was built specifically to support Rotax Aircraft owners. une pratique d’atterrissages forcés. Le It features an interactive illustrated parts catalog (IPC) making your profil de vol de l’aéronef en finale était parts ordering process simple and easy. à une altitude supérieure à celle de la The Online Parts Catalog works in both French and English! trajectoire de vol prévue, et l’aéronef a atterri plus loin que désiré sur la pis- Available under the Services menu on our website te. Au point de poser, l’instructeur a pris les commandes et a serré les freins, mais contrairement à l’atterrissage précédent sur la piste mouillée, le freinage était mauvais. Le commandant de bord a dé- terminé que les conditions ne permet- taient pas une remise des gaz. L’aéronef a dépassé l’extrémité de la piste, traversé un champ gazonné de 250 pieds et fran- chi un fossé avant de s’immobiliser dans P! un champ à environ 300 pieds du seuil 141H de la piste. RÉGION DU QUÉBEC En approche piste 28 à Gaspé/Mi- chel-Pouliot (CYGP) , QC, un de Havil- land DHC-8-315, exploité par le gou- vernement du Québec (C-GURM/ QUE40-M), de Sept-Îles (CYZV), QC, à The Skills You Need — The School You Want Gaspé/Michel-Pouliot (CYGP), QC, a eu des problèmes avec la navigation de sur- face (RNAV) et a dû remettre les gaz pour faire une approche avec le radiophare omnidirectionnel à très haute fréquence (VOR) piste 28. QUE40-M a atterri sans aucun autre problème à 1508Z. REGION DE L’ATLANTIQUE Un aéronef a été entendu qui manipu- lait le microphone à plusieurs reprises. Après avoir conclu que l’aéronef était un Diamond DA 20-C1 (C-GPUX), ex- ploité par Moncton Flight College, de Moncton/Roméo LeBlanc (CYQM), NB, à Moncton/Roméo LeBlanc (CYQM), NB, il a été demandé à l’aéronef d’afficher son identification et on a conclu qu’il était education industry partnerships en mode récepteur seulement (RONLY). competitive edge skills L’aéronef a ensuite affiché le code 7600. 519-648-2213 | 1-877-FLY-WWFC | Une fois en rapprochement, l’aéronef a alors été entendu qui appelait et on lui a demandé de revenir au code précédent. Après avoir atterri, l’aéronef n’a pas dé- Waterloo Wellington Flight Centre professional programs are approved as gagé la piste en s’arrêtant du mauvais vocational programs under the Private Career Colleges Act, 2005 (PC# 105919). côté de la ligne d’attente à l’écart. 12 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
STORE BOUTIQUE From flying a paper plane to flying an airplane, the pilot in her remained constant. Entre le moment où elle a commencé à piloter des avions en papier et celui où elle a piloté un vrai avion, la pilote en elle est demeurée fidèle. Visit the COPA Store TODAY! Visitez La Boutique de la COPA aujourd'hui! https://copanational.org/en/store/ https://copanational.org/fr/boutique/ FREE SHIPPING ON ORDERS OVER $150 LIVRAISON GRATUITE SUR LES COMMANDES DE PLUS DE 150$
CONTROL COLUMN BY ANNA RUSINOWKSI GOOD PILOT, BAD PILOT ESTABLISHING YOUR PLACE AND BUILDING A STRONG REPUTATION IN CANADA’S AVIATION COMMUNITY I can’t remember the last time I felt I’ve made a promise to myself to nev- so embarrassed, I was pilot in com- er speak poorly of someone’s piloting mand and nothing went to plan. On abilities, but rather have a constructive the most beautiful blue bird day of conversation about the flight after we’ve this winter season, I went on a short landed. People’s reputations are im- flight with a friend who happens to be portant and I don’t want to play a part an Air Canada Pilot. The day started with in changing others perception about a radio trouble and once that issue was person and their skills as a pilot. On your resolved it progressed to a flight filled journey in aviation, you will have flights with silly mistakes. Between forgetting where things don’t go as planned, where to bring up the flaps, not holding alti- you mess up the frequency, have a hard tude, to announcing my approach on an landing, make a decision you regret. The incorrect runway with no winter mainte- thing to remember is that you landed nance, the hits kept coming. When we safely and despite the severity of the sit- were finally on our way home, I couldn’t uation you now have an opportunity to help but feel deflated. I hadn’t made a change. You now have an opportunity to flight like that in a long time, I thought grow. It’s a part of the learning process I had grown past making mistakes like and, when you become a pilot, you un- these as a pilot. I was disappointed with derstand that you are always a student. myself; and was also hugely concerned I had a terrible flight that day and I Annie Rusinowksi celebrates reaching with what my friend might think of my 400 hours total flight time. beat myself down for it, but looking back piloting abilities after our first flight to- I see it as a learning experience and not gether. She was very kind and reassured a depiction of my skill as a pilot. The de- me that we all make mistakes and that view me as a good pilot or a bad pilot, bate of what makes a good or bad pilot the important part is that we learn from and are these opinions based on facts? will likely last for an eternity but I chal- them and try not to repeat them. I’ve heard a few stories in recent years, lenge you, the readers, to look past these This incident had me thinking about from new pilots in particular, where they titles and petty discussions to recognize my reputation as a pilot and the impor- were discouraged from continuing on that we are all imperfect and that opin- tance we place in establishing ourselves their aviation journey because of an en- ions are often based on a point in time. in the community as good pilots. In the counter they had with an instructor or a The aviation community is incredible but aviation community, we have these stoic person they held in high regard, who, ei- it is also a small community, where word figures who have built careers upon their ther directly or indirectly, made it known travels fast and social circles are tight. In reputations as phenomenal aviators and that they felt they were bad pilots. In a world where first impressions and our we aspire to be like them. We also have speaking with these students, the first minds are made up quickly, it might be figures which produce the opposite re- thing I came to realize is that they only a better idea to keep opinions of others sponse and are used as an example to began to doubt themselves when con- to ourselves. Alternatively, have a discus- others of what not to do. In the last year, fronted with opinions or rumours that sion about what made you feel uncom- I have stood amongst many of my peers had circled back to them. In most cir- fortable and remember there is someone and listened to stories told about pilots cumstances, these opinions were based out there who thinks that person is an who made a bad call, pushed their limits, on one situation that didn’t truly repre- exceptional pilot and you should strive didn’t chose the correct runway, didn’t sent that person and their skill as a pilot to see the same. apply enough right rudder, and so on. as a whole. It’s important to remember How do you feel about this month’s ar- Listening to these stories and being a that words hold more strength than peo- ticle? Do you agree or Disagree? Do you part of this conversation made me think, ple realize and have the power to impact have a related story you’d like to share? “What type of pilot am I and what will be lives in both great ways and in ways that Feel free to contact me at aviatrixannie@ my legacy?” Do others in the community are detrimental. gmail.com. 14 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
SAFETY SERIES BY PETER CAMPBELL DISTRACTED TO EMBARRASSMENT HOW TO ADOPT NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES TO ENSURE YOU ARE NOT DIGITALLY DISTRACTED IN THE COCKPIT H ello to all readers of this magazine and especial- eral piloting tasks in a linear fashion, but in a very well-estab- ly to those who are reading my safety conscious lished manner. Good for you! But sorry to say, you are also a articles in our COPA Flight magazine. As a bonus prime candidate for digital distraction and becoming distract- this month, we are providing you with two articles ed to embarrassment. in the Safety Series. Please see page 18 for a look Allow me a moment of confession: Recently, I was assisting at how seasonal shift affects our approach to risk management. my commercial student fly her very nice GA1000-equipped In this article, we are going to look at how the forced migra- aircraft into an uncontrolled Class “G” Airspace circuit at a tion from paper maps to digital maps will introduce another “UNICOM” airport in Ontario on a crystal-clear VFR day. We challenge to the sanctified space – our office in the sky – the had discussed and agreed upon the frequency to use. She was cockpit. One could give praise to those who killed those cum- dialing it in as she had before, but was interrupted by a caution bersome charts; less clutter in the cockpit. But wait, what re- on the panel, which we reset and we then continued. She made places that paper rendition of the world – nothing? Of course our initial calls. Because of COVID-19 we weren’t expecting not, to be compliant with regs we must be able to accurately much of a response and arriving overhead 500 feet above the describe our location to other operators and to ATC/ATS and circuit we saw no traffic and heard no calls – made sense. We unless you have superhuman powers, that quality of navigation did everything by the book and after three circuits did a stop would normally requires some type of aeronautical chart, may- and backtrack and went into a holding area to discuss our exit be a digital one instead of a paper map? Yes indeed. Do you plan and then back to our starting airport. As we were talking, I currently have a digital tablet such as an Apple iOS platform noticed that the airport vehicle had pulled up along side us and such as an iPad or iPad mini that supports a flight planning and the driver was making motions that he wanted to talk to us. It aeronautical mapping application such as Garmin Pilot or Fore was at this point when we noticed that our highly professional Flight or Flight Plan Go? Yes? No? Have a birthday coming up? process had been tampered with in our distracted moment. Maybe a tax refund? My very capable student pilot has mis-dialed the frequency. Hopefully you have already joined the age of the digitally Victims of the digital age, and realizing our error, finally, she enlightened and are comfortable with Android-powered or correctly dialed in the frequency. In our quick chat with the Apple iOS tablets. If not, then to stay compliant and effective airport person, we discovered that there was no other traffic at pre-flight planning and inflight navigation and cockpit man- but there now was an inbound flight. We offered our humble agement, you need to acquire a current model with sufficient apology. Making our way back home, chastened, we reflected storage to support your chosen application. And you will need on our momentary distraction. We resolved to double-check to make some modifications to your plane to ensure that your these actions to prevent a recurrence. Yes – our momentary digital mapping solution will not run out of power during your distraction coupled with expectation had us DISTRACTED to longer flights. These applications are battery-intensive as they the point of EMBARRASSMENT. My student was very embar- are active inflight using their own GPS receivers or triangulat- rassed and it was a valuable moment for us both. She grew up ing the device’s position using available cell-towers. To become with a smart phone in her hands. She realized in a flash how proficient, taking some training is a must. Yes – a short ground easy it is to get caught, in this case, unintentionally “NORDO” school will be an excellent solution. On the ground it’s easy, but in a modern connected world. a different situation altogether in your aerial office. We need to The same can happen whenever we use new technologies or incorporate the software and the digital device into our per- change well-established procedures in our cockpits. We need sonal standard operating procedures so that you can AVOID to make a plan. Practice the revised process on the ground and, being DIGITALLY DISTRACTED! when we’re confident that we can handle the changes, then But why am I worried about you becoming digitally distract- carry it out in the air, building complexity as we gain experi- ed? If you are a typical COPA member, you are well beyond ence and proficiency. Digital maps are coming soon, so let’s your fiftieth birthday and you have lots of experience in your get ready now and embrace the required technology to excel own airplane. Prior to COVID, you were very use to doing sev- as members of the digitally powered aviation community! COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021 15
SÉRIE SÉCURITÉ PAR PETER CAMPBELL DISTRAIT AU POINT D’ÊTRE EMBARRASSÉ COMMENT ADOPTER DE NOUVELLES TECHNOLOGIES ET PROCÉDURES POUR NOUS ASSURER DE NE PAS ÊTRE DISTRAIT NUMÉRIQUEMENT DANS LE POSTE DE PILOTAGE B onjour à tous les lecteurs niversaire ou une occasion d’obtenir cinquantième anniversaire et vous de ce magazine, en partic- un remboursement d’impôt! avez accumulé beaucoup d’heures de ulier ceux qui lisent mes J’espère que vous avez déjà amorcé vol dans votre avion. Avant l’épisode articles axés sur la sécu- le virage numérique et que vous fait- de COVID, vous étiez certainement rité dans COPA Flight. es partie des utilisateurs à l’ère des très habitué à faire plusieurs tâches En prime ce mois-ci, nous vous pro- tablettes Android ou Apple iOS. Dans de pilotage de façon linéaire, mais de posons deux articles de la série Sécu- la négative, et pour vous conformer de manière très bien établie. Bien heu- rité. Veuillez consulter la page 18 de façon efficace à la planification du vol, reux pour vous! Mais, désolé de vous ce numéro pour en savoir plus sur les la navigation en vol et la gestion dans le dire, vous êtes un candidat idéal à la façons dont les changements saison- l’habitable, vous devez faire l’acquisi- distraction numérique et la distraction niers affectent notre approche de la tion d’un modèle récent comportant au point d’être embarrassé. gestion des risques. suffisamment d’espace de stockage Laissez-moi vous faire une confes- Dans cet article, nous nous pen- pour prendre en charge l’application sion. Récemment, j’étais en compag- chons sur les défis de la migration que vous avez choisie. Vous devrez nie d’une étudiante inscrite au cours obligée des cartes papier vers les aussi apporter quelques modifica- professionnel dans son très bel avion cartes numériques dans notre bu- tions à votre avion pour vous assurer équipé d’un GA1000, et nous volions reau volant, à savoir le poste de pi- que votre solution de cartographie dans un espace aérien de classe « G lotage. Nous pourrions rapidement numérique ne se retrouvera pas à » non contrôlé près de la zone de cir- féliciter ceux qui ont abandonné les court d’énergie pendant les longs vols. cuits d’un aéroport à communications graphiques encombrants embourbant En effet, ces applications s’avèrent universelles (UNICOM) en Ontario par l’habitacle d’un aéronef. Mais atten- énergivores de par leur nature active. une journée parfaitement claire pour dez, par quoi cette interprétation pa- Elles utilisent leurs propres récepteurs le vol à vue. Nous avions discuté et pier du monde a-t-elle été remplacée? GPS ou procèdent à des triangulations convenu de la fréquence à utiliser. Elle Rien? Bien sûr que non! Pour être con- pour déterminer la position de l’ap- syntonisait cette fréquence comme formes aux règlements, nous devons pareil à l’aide des tours de télépho- elle avait l’habitude de le faire, alors être en mesure de déterminer avec nie cellulaire environnantes. En outre, qu’elle a été interrompue par un aver- précision notre emplacement aux au- pour devenir un utilisateur compétent, tissement sur le panneau. Elle a donc tres exploitants et à l’ATC/ATS. De ce il est indispensable de suivre une for- réinitialisé le signal et a poursuivi son fait, à moins que vous possédiez des mation. Oui! Une courte formation au opération. Nous avons ensuite fait superpouvoirs, cette compétence de sol fera l’affaire. Il est toutefois à not- nos premiers appels. En raison de la navigation nécessite un type de cartes er que l’utilisation dans votre bureau COVID-19, nous ne nous attendions aéronautiques (numérique à défaut volant se révélera plus difficile qu’en pas à beaucoup de réponses. En arriv- de physique). Disposez-vous d’une salle de classe. Nous devons intégrer ant à 500 pieds au-dessus de la zone tablette numérique – tels un iPad ou le logiciel et l’appareil numérique à de circuits, nous n’avons vu aucun traf- un iPad mini – qui prend en charge, à nos procédures d’exploitation stan- ic et n’avons entendu aucun appel. La travers la plateforme Apple iOS, une dard afin d’ÉVITER d’être DISTRAITS situation nous apparaissait normale. application de planification de vol et NUMÉRIQUEMENT par son utilisation. Nous avons tout fait selon les règles de cartographie aéronautique telle Pourquoi suis-je préoccupé par de l’art et, après trois circuits, nous que Garmin Pilot, Fore Flight ou Flight cette distraction numérique? Si vous avons fait un arrêt, remonté la piste et Plan Go? Oui? Bravo! Non? Voilà une êtes un membre typique de la COPA, fait une pause dans une zone d’attente excellente suggestion de cadeau d’an- vous êtes bien au-delà de votre pour discuter de notre plan de retour 16 COPA FLIGHT | MARCH 2021
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