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VOL. XXIII / 3 / 2014
t h e m a g a z i n e o f t h e g e r m a n - i n d o n e s i a n c h a m b e r o f i n d u s t r y AND COMMERCE
The New Hope
for Indonesia
He campaigned on a platform of a
mind-set revolution -
a strategy to build national
character and stamp out corruption,
nepotism and intolerance
We don’t know what the car of the future
looks like. But we know how it will be built.
Making things right. Answers for the future of manufacturing.
To ensure long-term success in the auto- Volkswagen has already collaborated with
motive market, production has to react Siemens to make production more intelligent.
flexibly to its changing needs. Nowadays In the future, machines will learn to com-
it is about more than just the mere municate independently and to optimize
manufacturing process – product design, production steps. The goal is to simplify
production planning, and service perfor- the manufacturing of different car models.
mance are also key factors. The benefits include greater flexibility,
increased efficiency, and improved global
competitiveness.
The answers for the future of manufacturing
Connecting the real and the exist. And now is the time to make things
virtual world for the future right. Because the world of tomorrow needs
of manufacturing. answers that last today.
siemens.com /answersFOREWORD
THE MAGAZINE OF THE GERMAN-INDONESIAN
CHAMBER OF INDUSTRY AND COMMERCE
Managing Director & Chief Editor: Jan.H.Rönnfeld
Editor-at-Large: Anisa Kirana
Senior Writer&Translator: Dennis Lischer
Senior Journalist&Photographer: Iwan Nasution
Art Manager: Bagus Ajie Mandiri
Creative Design: Bagus Ajie Mandiri
On the World Bank’s Group Ease of Doing Business 2014 list,
Indonesia ranks 120 out of 189 economies. For the category Digital Manager: Syafruddin Arief
Starting a Business Indonesia ranks poorly at the 175th position, Production Supervisor: Andi.A.Maulana
and even in paying taxes, it is ranked at 137, down 5 points from Print:
2013. With regards to protecting investors and trading across
borders, the nation performed better, holding ranks 52 and 54 PT.Harapan Prima Printing
respectively. Obviously, the new Indonesian government led by Publisher is not liable to any content printed in this
elected president Joko Widodo, faces many challenges to improve magazine
the business climate in the country and attract investment. Advertisement: Arie Siswardhani, Mei Tobing, Yerisa
Fajrina
As Jokowi is sworn in on October 20 as the President of Indonesia Contributors: Abdullah Yazid, Anis Novani, Birgit
after winning by a narrow majority vote over competitor Prabowo Steffan, Carla Monintja Jet.P.Adikoesoemo, Joaquim
Subianto, this modest man of Javanese decent has truly, since his Torrinha, Prieta Perthantri, Silke Irmscher
entrance into Indonesian politics, turned around the traditional Circulation: Kusyanto, Mahmud
ways of doing politics. On his agenda are reform of bureaucracy,
creating at least 10 million new jobs, and promoting Indonesia’s Digital Edition: http://indonesien.ahk.de/en/
publications/media/sorotan/
digital and creative industry. His “mental revolution” which focuses
on improving human capacities as well as his programs around Bank Details:
the agriculture, energy, infrastructure, education and healthcare Deutsche Bank, Jakarta
sectors demonstrate that Jokowi believes Indonesia’s economy 000-5355-01-0 (Euro)
CIMB Niaga Bank
will only develop if the Indonesian people are provided the means
Jakarta, Menteng Branch
to become more productive and competitive. 202-01-00041-00-9 (Rp)
Regardless of the incredible challenges ahead, a high level of Next Issue: Next issue of SOROTAN will be published
in December 2014
optimism seems to be felt across the country as Indonesia has yet
again successfully held peaceful elections in line with democratic
principles. Hence, this edition of SOROTAN wants to highlight
Indonesia’s maturing democracy over the years by looking at the
long and winding journey the nation has taken since independence
was proclaimed in 1945. We also provide a profile on elected
president Jokowi, where readers can read about this modest
man’s early years, while we also provide perspectives from several
people of influence who share with us their opinion on which
course this fascinating country should take in order to develop
mutually beneficial ties with other countries, while improving
welfare for its citizens.
SOROTAN is published by EKONID (German-Indonesian Chamber
of Industry & Commerce). © Copyright EKONID 2012. All rights
It will be a matter of time until we see how the new Government’s
reserved. SOROTAN is published quarter monthly, 4 times per
programs will affect the business conditions in the country. Let’s be year by the Publication together with Design & Communication
grateful for the progress Indonesia is making let’s hope that there Department of the German-Indonesian Chamber of Industry
will be many opportunities arising as the the country’s attempt to & Commerce. Copying for other than personal use or internal
reach its full potential. reference or of articles or columns not owned by SOROTAN
without written permission of EKONID is expressly prohibited.
Office: Jl. H. Agus Salim No. 115, Jakarta 10310 Indonesia.
Tel. 6221-3154685, Fax. 6221-3155276
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Contribution: If you wish to contribute your article or if you want
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anisa.kirana@ekonid.or.id.
Jan H. RönnfeldCONTENTS
Headline Story
WIMAR WITOELAR:
A GREAT COUNTRY NEEDS A GREAT LEADER
8 The Populist Leader’s Path
Abdullah Yazid
12 Fundamental Insight
Brand New Indonesia:
Taking the Necessary Measures for the Sake of Indonesia
Abdullah Yazid
16 Expert Couch
Bring Forward Democracy through Media Existency
ARIF ZULKIFLI
18 What they say about Jokowi
HIGHLIGHTS NEWS IN BRIEF Georg Witschel:
24 Obrigado Team, Obrigado Fans 51 Bridgestone Ecopia EP 150 Tires
IWAN NASUTION Get More Fuel Economy Congratulations,
51 NGK Spark Plugs Share Product
FOCUS REPORT Information at IIMS 2014 Indonesia
26 Culture Transition: 52 Indonesia Devise Strategy to Face
What the Presidential Elections Asia-Pacific Free Trade Market
Tells about the Current Leadership 2025
Styles in Indonesia 53 Entering the End of 2014 Exports
Silke Irmscher
Strengthens, Drives Correction of
28 German Pavilion at Indoplas, 2014 Trade Balance
Indopack, Indoprint 2014 53 Strengthening AEC 2015 Vice
30 Bilateral Visit to Surabaya and Trade Minister Works on Chinese
Medan Market
31 Interview with Dr. Andreas Dombret:
Great Strides in Strengthening the EYEWITNESS
Regulatory Framework Have Been 54 22nd IIMS 2014:
Made Barometer of the Indonesian
Automotive Industry from a Global
EKONID NEWS View
33 Events: Gathering 56 What’s in A Name?
Carla Monintja
36 New Members
36 Ekonid Summer Party 2014
39 Member Updates COVER
42 Human Capital Club Bagus Ajie Mandiri
44 The Day of German Unity
46 Wisma Jerman
48 EIBN
49 OktoberfestEKONID Events
are your fast-track business networking
OCTOBER:
7 – Get Together
NOVEMBER:
4 – Get Together
27 - Beer & Cheese Tasting
DECEMBER:
2 - European Joint Gathering*
16 - European Joint Gathering*
*Joint-event of 5 European Chambers
Further Information &
Registration:
Ph: +6221-3154685
E-mail: info@ekonid.or.idFROM THE EDITOR
Democracy is not a Definition
It`s not something definite to absorb one country`s way of democracy. Past time
revolutionary era compared to modern life situations shouldn`t be measured
in the same formula; since changes are possible in every phase of developing a
solid nation. Indonesia, in particular, has been a challenge for its own domestic
affairs and also for foreign countries that deal with.
Inside the country, Indonesia isn`t that easy to handle since diversity and multi-
cultural backgrounds are a leader`s first consideration in reaching one goal.
Such consideration is also needed to be overviewed by foreign parties, if they
wish to connect and survive towards interaction in Indonesia.
Diverse thinking inside Indonesian people is actually a good base to classify
what is democracy and how should it be applied from one layer to another layer.
It`s really wonderful in Indonesia where people can have choices; if they don`t
agree to do one thing, they can just unite with other community that is more
suitable. But, how about the impact resulted from democracy? In negative way,
being too democratic can also lead to a disadvantage such as corruption. Yes,
corruption is one example that although the country has tried to be democratic,
but corruption cases increase, indeed.
Nonetheless, let`s take corruption practices in Indonesia not in a conservative
judgement. This is Indonesia, a 69-year old nation with a dream to grow and be
better. It`s not the United States or United Kingdom that have existed as strong
countries for hundred of years. Of course, Indonesia`s corrupting acts are a
part of mistakes and a learning process to evaluate.
Democracy is not a definition; Indonesia has tried to overcome all the problems
one by one practically. Indonesia has proven that democracy supports brighter
changes that the country needs. Indonesia is developing and there is no doubt.WIMAR
WITOELAR:
Is there hope for Indonesian democracy? Former presidential spokesperson
Wimar Witoelar answered the question with a resounding yes in our December
2013 issue. Despite this positive outlook by him, anyone who followed the 2014
presidential elections could have expressed much more skepticism. The
election was one in which black campaigning was prevalent,
heated presidential debates divided followers, both
sides were either praised or ridiculed on social
media and and where voter turnout was
high. Indeed, the pressure was as thick as
butter, peaking when people returned
from the polls and the quick-count
results were announced. How a
“figure change” shape the future
of this nation? In this edition,
Wimar shares his view on the two
candidates’ backgrounds and
the contrasting paths each
candidate took.
S ource : W i m a r W i t o e l a r
R eporter : A n i s a K i r a n a
W riter : D e n n i s L i s c h e r
A
s someone who graduated from
the famed Military Academy in
Magelang, Prabowo Subianto’s
success in occupying a senior leadership
position in the Indonesian National
Armed Forces and the Indonesian
Government seemed highly probable,
as another graduate of the Academy,
namely current President Susilo
Bambang Yudhoyono had also taken a
similar path to climb the ranks.
Wimar recalls Prabowo’s military career
and how he began to enter the political
scene. “What is known about Prabowo
is that he quickly passed through the
ranks of the Indonesian National Armed
Forces, successfully reaching the
position of Lieutenant General. He was
appointed as head of the Army Strategic
Reserve Command (KOSTRAD) for one
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 6HEADLINE STORY
PERSPECTIVE
year, and he was also the Commandant and the reality is about his assertiveness. ELECTION RESULT
of the Special Command Force General People think he isn’t assertive, but the FROM EVERY PROVINCE AND OVERSEAS
(KOPASUS) prior to that. In leading fact is that he is. As Jakarta Governor he ON PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION 2014
KOPASUS, his service was regarded as was assertive in land clearance efforts. (SOURCE: KPU)
legendary, as he was known to be very He was also assertive in cleaning up the
professional and ruthless in carrying out city. Also when he was asked concerning
his responsibilities. After his success international affairs, he showed that
in the Indonesian National Armed he wasn’t wishy-washy. We didn’t see
Forces, Prabowo’s reputation fell as he that before, but now we have seen it.
was regarded to having been involved This only adds people’s confidence in
in incidents which have not been fully him. “I believe Jokowi is able to handle
clarified to this day. Subsequent to international matters. My view is based
the social upheaval towards the end of on an evaluation of him before he has JOKOWI
1998, the military discharged Prabowo made his view on international matters
from his rank as Lieutenant General”. known. In the debate held recently, he did PRABOWO
Prabowo, seen from his strong presence say how he would approach international
and firm demeanor seemed to have a affairs. I was more impressed by his
slight edge over Jokowi’s in the run for
the presidency.
“I believe Jokowi
Meanwhile, Jokowi, graduated from
Gadjah Mada University with a degree is able to handle
in Forestry, and subsequently ran quite
successful property and furniture international
businesses. Jokowi seemed unlikely to
be voted into a high level office in any matters.”
administration. But his rag-to-riches
story won him a huge following, and views than by Prabowo’s. Leading to the alternative. So the relevant question
this populist leader’s political career the debate Prabowo was expected to to ask now is which candidate is better?
then took off with being elected as win hands down. But it turned out to be Prabowo or Jokowi? There is no need to
mayor of Surakarta . Some highlights the contrary. What happened was that see what their ratings are? If the choice
during his office as mayor of Surakarta Jokowi, in his simplicity, appeared much is either 2 and 4, then one would choose
included: building new traditional more impressive. Jokowi is aware that 4, and if the choice is between 4 and 9,
markets, constructing a 7-km city walk what it boils down to in international well then one would go with the 9.”
with 3m wide pedestrian walkway along affairs is relations between people, not
Surakarta’s main street, revitalizing relations between countries, symbols, As Wimar has said in our last interview
the Balekembang and Sriwedari parks, or armies. He understands that if we with him “he is not among those to
and imposing stricter regulations on have good relations with people, then the say that democracy in Indonesia isn’t
cutting down trees along the city’s main good relations between two countries progressing.” In fact, he believes an
streets. On 15 October 2014, Jokowi’s will follow. “ Jokowi’s approach as attitude of gratitude should be shown
support continued to push him up the Governor of Jakarta continued in his for how this 4th most populated country
political ladder, being elected as the known style which included Blusukan, has fared throughout its history to
15th Governor of Jakarta with deputy or making regular visits to poor areas becoming the mature democratic state
governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, of the capital, and “auction of office it is now. Let’s hope that with Jokowi
defeating incumbant Governor Fauzi position”, where every civil servant is now taking up the office of President, the
Bowo to reach the position. given the same opportunity to achieve a aspirations of the Indonesian people and
certain position by fulfilling the required the ideology of “Unity in Diversity” will
As we asked Wimar how he regards qualifications and passing the test. continue to be upheld.
Jokowi’s character and whether he
seems capable of handling international As there were only two candidates
matters, Wimar said “I believe that at the 2014 Presidential election, the
Jokowi’s character is as people see it. I dynamics of the situation was somewhat
do not know him personally. There are different compared to other elections
no inconsistencies about him. That he is in the past. Wimar commented on this
a figure that is close to the public, that’s by saying that “Since this is a choice,
true. That he has been effective, that’s meaning the decision is between voting
true as well. That he works fast, he does for either candidate 1 and candidate
work fast. Maybe one assessment that 2, hence there’s no need to appraise
differs between what people think of him Prabowo other than comparing him to
7 SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014Joko Widodo, or Jokowi as he is
affectionately called, is the
President whom the Indonesian
people elected in 2014. Prior to his
election, Jokowi held the offices of
city of Surakarta MAYOR (2005-2012)
and Jakarta Governor (2012-2014).
A b d u ll a h Y a z i d
H
e is known as a public figure who to stay in the limelight. As a result,
introduced a radically different His name became popular discussions emerged to nominate
approach to politics, his impact following his success in him as a presidential candidate for
felt not only at the national, but also the upcoming presidential elections in
the international stage. He has been transforming the city of Indonesian in 2014. Moreover, survey
bestowed numerous awards, both from
local and international organizations
Surakarta into a tourism- results continued to position Jokowi’s
name in the top spot. As Jokowi’s path
and institutions. Having appeared friendly, cultural, and progressed Jokowi even succeeded in
in countless media, everyone in the
Republic instantly got to know Jokowi,
batik city. gaining the support of the Indonesian
people known as “Jokowi volunteers”.
his name was being mentioned and transforming the city of Surakarta into a Jokowi teamed up with Jusuf Kalla (JK)
discussed at every occasion by everyone tourism-friendly, cultural, and batik city. as his vice-presidental running mate in
from adult folks to primary school the 2014 presidential elections.
children. Most would agree that Jokowi Two years following the completion
was something else, something unique. of his second term in Solo, Jokowi On 22 July 2014, the General Elections
was appointed by a political party, Commission (KPU) officially announced
Checking the man’s track record, we the Indonesian Democratic Party of the Jokowi-JK pair as the elected
learn that during childhood his family Struggle (Partai Demokrasi Indonesia president and vice-president of the
was forced to relocate three times. Perjuangan/PDIP) to join the race for DKI Republic of Indonesia 2014-2019, while
This didn’t prevent him from pursuing Jakarta Governor with Basuki Tjahaja the Constitutional Court’s decree on 22
higher education, however, as thanks to Purnama (Ahok). On 20 September August 2014 further strengthened the
his aptitude, he earned himself a place 2012, he won the Jakarta regional announcement.
in the Forestry Faculty of Universitas elections 2012, his victory attributed to
Gajah Mada and later he succeeded the public’s longing for a leader who was Childhood
as an entrepreneur in the furniture fresh, free from corruption, and down- Jokowi’s childhood was not a one marked
business. With his election as mayor of to-earth. by abundance or even sufficiency; one
the city of Surakarta in 2005, Jokowi’s thing is sure, he did not belong to the
political career was launched. His name Since becoming Governor, his popularity wealthy. He was the son of a carpenter,
became popular following his success in rose dramatically and he continued growing up near the banks of a river,
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 8HEADLINE STORY
At A G L A N C E
hence, Jokowi is quite familiar with knowledge about the furniture business. as his approach towards citizen well-
poverty in every sense of the word. Jokowi risked everything, even the small being caused Jokowi to be admired by
house which his father owned was used the people. He successfully developed
Joko Widodo was born to the couple Noto as collateral. Suprisingly, he succeeded Solo, which was a city with a poor site
Mihardjo and Sujiatmi Notomiharjo. His despite of the huge risk he took. His architecture. Under his leadership Solo
father sold wood on the side of the road, furniture business had glorious days experienced changes and become the
and often delivered processed wood. but also experienced a downturn due subject of studies in universities abroad.
to a fraudulent order from the business
As a young boy he frequented traditional failed to recover from. In 1990, however, Political Breakthroughs
markets and sold whatever he could thanks to Rp 30 million loant to him by Jokowi’s path for the most part basically
to earn money. He witnessed with his his mother, he returned for business. created breakthroughs in Indonesian
own eyes how the authorities went On this venture he met German Micl politics, especially in the realm of
after merchants, driving them out Romaknan, who was the person who national politics. Politics in Indonesia
without any sense of compassion. He first nicknamed him “Jokowi”, a name following the Orde Baru still was trapped
developed empathy towards people who that stayed with him until now. in technocratic and elitist reasoning.
were treated inhumanely as a result of Moreover, the implementation of
urbanization. With honesty and hard-work, the regional autonomy policy, was beyond
mayor of Surakarta was entrusted with providing room for more meaningful
During his primary school years, he sold opportunities to travel across Europe; participation for the public, particularly
anything he could to cover his school this broadened Jokowi’s perspective. those who are marginalized.
fees, becoming independent from an The excellent city planning he observed
early age. Saving up any money he became Jokowi’s inspiration to apply in Joko’s path in Solo or Jakarta should
earned, Jokowi didn’t burden his father Solo and inspired him to enter the world be appreciated in terms of providing
in his work as a wood worker. He has room for participation that offers
taken up labor as an umbrella boy, more valuable room for participating
helped housewives with their grocery He wanted to implement citizens, such as mass communication,
bags, port porter, and other jobs - Jokowi
knows the hard work life.
a leadership style with beaureaucratic reform and public
service, healthcare initiative through
a humanitarian approach Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS), and Jakarta
He didn’t ride a bicyle to school, but
walked. At 12 he learned how to properly
and to create a city Smart Card (KJP) that offers citizens
the chance to participate in a political
saw wood. He even once injured his that was friendly to its process, public policy, and democratic
hands while sawing. His aptitude in in a more broader meaning, especially
wood working sparked his interest in inhabitants. in facing old political powers that are
deepening his wood working knowledge. prevalent in local politics.
That is the reason why, after graduating of politics. He wanted to implement a
from senior high school, Jokowi made leadership style with a humanitarian We must remember that Jokowi is by no
his way to Yogyakarta to enroll in the approach and to create a city that was means a savior who can, eyes closed,
Forestry Faculty. friendly to its inhabitants. Traveling solve a host of problems in our nation,
to Europe, where he admired the very particularly those related to capitalism,
The difficulties in his life forced him into humane treatment citizens enjoyed neoliberal consolidation, which have
a situation where discipline became – both appreciation given to citizens’ emerged much more frequently as of
crucial. Jokowi was able to translate mobility to quality of environmental care late. Therefore, from a strategic political
his hardships through the language - led him to further contemplate. It is calculation, the logical political step for
of compassion, understanding that from this experience which drove him a progressive movement in Indonesia is
faced with condition people will value to implement humanitarian, ecological, the rise of the phenomena Jokowi with
humanitarian acts; this is where he and populist policies, both while serving the formulation of progressive political
learned the importance of modesty. as major of Solo and Jakarta Governor. agenda for the future, as well as more
organized and militant consolidation and
Upon graduating from university, Jokowi In the beginning many were sceptical mobilization of the people.
continued to work as a carpenter, but about his ability, knowing he had
now he had equipped himself with the previously worked as a furniture Career and Survey of Jokowi
proper know-how. During that time, he salesman prior to being elected as In the 2005 regional elections in Solo,
saw how rapidly the wood industry was mayor of Solo. The breakthroughs in Jokowi was nominated by the PDIP and
developing, prompting him to seek more leadership he created, however, as well PKB parties to run as Surakarta mayor.
9 SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014HEADLINE STORY
AT A G L A N C E
He won the election with the largest than insisting on relying solely on his
@ SIMOMOT.COM
vote share, 36.62 percent. After his own views, preferring more to listen
election, Jokowi developed Solo that was to the opinions and views of cabinet
previously hampered as a result of poor ministers, rather than his closest
city planning. colleagues in making decisions related
to national policies.
Under his leadership, Solo hosted
a number of international events. Jokowi replicas
Moreover, Jokowi also became known The Jokowi phenomenon can be
for his “compassionate” approach in replicated in other countries in the form
relocating street merchants. As a result of the ideal figure for the rise of the civil
of these achievements, Jokowi was movements in Southeast Asia. Populist
re-elected for the office of Surakarta leaders such as Jokowi, of course, are
mayor in 2010 with a vote share of 90.09 nothing novel in the region. In the past,
percent. there had been leaders characterized
as similar to this former mayor of Solo,
Numerous surveys pointed to the fact among them Benigno Aquino in the
that Jokowi’s life experiences shaped Philippines and Thaksin Shinawatra, in
his down-to-earth personality. Jokowi Thailand.
appeared to lack the ambition to pursue
positions of higher level of authority However, there are several differences
because he began his career as an that separate them from Jokowi.
entrepreneur in Solo’s furniture market. Jokowi emerged from the lower layers
Nevertheless, it was due to the support of society, from ordinary people. He did
from fellow entrepreneurs that Jokowi not come from influential families or
decided to run as mayor for Solo. Survey from the military. However, thanks to
respondents revealed that Jokowi was
regarded as having the least motivation
We must remember that the reforms he instituted in the public
service sector, Jokowi has always won
for seeking position of power compared Jokowi is by no means election that followed since 2005. Unlike
to other candidates. Jokowi’s ambition Benigno Aquino who came from a noble
according to the survey showed a higher a savior who can, eyes family and Thaksin, who is considered
drive to perform and affiliate compared closed, solve a host of wealthy, Jokowi did not have to carry
to the other candidates. This meant that past burdens to institute reforms. His
Jokowi had an inclination to complete problems in our nation credibility was shaped precisely because
tasks well, while always fostering his is a figure similar to the masses.
relations with others.
In forming relations with other key Jokowi should take on the role of a role-
His leadership has been labeled as a figures, he appears to foster warm, model because he is a man of a natural,
democratic-style. Survey results also down-to-earth, and courteous manner realistic, and rational reasoning. His
showed that he is blessed with a mind that is appropriate when dealing with leadership is characterized as being
able to deal with complex matters others. Jokowi has also been evaluated realistic, responsible, and credible.
efficiently. Complex cognitive functions as being keen on unique and innovative, Indonesia is lucky to have Jokowi.
are associated with adaptive behavior with a tendency to be meticulous in his
that is sophisticated and better, approach toward problems. Emotionally,
particularly in situations marked by Jokowi is regarded as being more stable The writer is a researcher at International
ambiguity and confusion. in comparison to other candidates in Conference of Islamic Scholars, Alumnni of
Post-Graduate Universitas Trilogi Jakarta.
every nomination as mayor, governor
Jokowi demonstrated a higher level of or president. Despite the assumption
cognitive complexity than the candidates that Jokowi is less than assertive and
in the race. He has shown an ability to to ready to extend trust to others,
come up with brilliant ideas to handle nevertheless, many see on him a firm
various problems in the country, decision-making ability.
with the capacity to view problems
comprehensively and to translate them He makes decision with a readiness to
into solutions that are concrete policies. first consult with other parties, rather
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 10Taking the
Necessary
Measures for the
Sake of Indonesia
Indonesia is as a large home advancing with all vigor and vitality - a home in which the
Indonesian people, and count in also the South-east Asian region, take much pride in.
Neighbouring countries such as Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, and Brunei Darussalam
are among those that believe and affirm that the region’s history has its roots in
Indonesian soil.
A b d u ll a h Y a z i d - T ranslation by : D e n n i s L i s c h e r
I
ndonesia’s state form is a being combated against in hopes of Despite being a follower of Buddha,
constitutional democracy. Following eradicating them. The issue of diversity Mpu Tantular showed tolerance to
the fall of the authoritarian New that has become an inseparable part of those who embraced other faiths,
Order regime in 1998, constitutional Indonesian history, has lately reared its mainly the Hindu Siwa religion. Thus,
changes have to an extent restrained the ugly head again. Terrorism, radicalism, the Indonesian people have since long
executive branches’ power. The chances moreover national disintegration, are been practicing tolerance towards their
that another dictatorial rule comes into also real challenges that need to be inherent pluralism. The concept has
power is perhaps close to nil. These addressed right away. Apparently, become tradition and has permeated all
days Indonesian is marked by sovereign Indonesians have yet to fully accept the members of society. It is also what has
people, which is manifested in the “Pancasila ideology”, when the Pancasila earned the nation the reputation as a
parliamentary and presidential elections and the concept of a Unitary State of the harmonious diversity.
taking place every 5 years. Republic of Indonesia or NKRI are tightly
knit together. Indonesia’s diversity and unity in the
With the New Order coming to an end and future can only be made more robust
with the commencing of the reformation The slogan Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity through education that promotes the
period, every Indonesian election that in Diversity) was taken by Mpu Tantular ideology of multiculturism, which
has taken place to this day, has been from Hindu theological concept that is integrates learning which centers on
conducted freely and fairly. Despite this, formulated as follows: Bhina Ika Tunggal values, knowledge, and life-skills within
it seems that the nation’s challenges Ika, Tan Hana Dharma Mengrawa, which the multicultural Indonesian society.
ahead are becoming increasingly roughly translated means “possesing
complex. Corruption and money politics, different attributes, yet he is one, and no It’s true that an education which instill
problems which have come into the teaching parallels him. on its students humanistic values have
spotlight recently, are continually not fully been in Indonesian schools.
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 12HEADLINE STORY
F undamental I nsight
Today`s education system developed Isn’t it the duty of every nation to ensure Now what the country needs to establish
in the country’s institutions have yet to that the rights and freedom of its citizens and develop are groups of young people
allow the opportunity for a proportional are protected. Yet, during several who are willing to act as bridges of
multicultural paradigm shift due to occurances we saw how the nation failed multicultural tolerance and to promote
various distortions. For instance, the to protect the fundamental rights of its diversity. The day-to-day experiences
distortion which allows religion to justify citizens. of Indonesian students and their
inter-faith conflicts remains prevalent. newest ideas on Indonesia’s diversity,
Therefore, amidst the springing up of as an example, needs to be developed.
Acting as both the driving force and social upheaval and proponents of anti- Training on multiculturalism, must today
pilar of the nation’s future, the young pluralism, an optimistic mindset needs to be targeted at students and the youth,
generation is expected to preserve be developed as there are, nevertheless, rather than grown-ups who often use
the spirit of tolerance, pluralism, and still plenty of people that are tolerant such forums as ceremonial events. The
appreciation between diverse groups, and those that condemn violence. One spirit of pluralism must be passed on to
and to make this spirit as the pulse of the important thing Indonesian society must the young generation without delay.
nation. The youth’s perception about the nurture and foster is an attitude and
problems of national identity, plurality, steadfast belief to appreciate and be When students are presented lecture
and national leadership exploring the willing to understand others, and to shun material that contain biases (social
opinion and public stance towards acts of violence. status, gender, ethnicity, religion, tribe),
diversity in Indonesia. they will become individuals full of
The future generation with its progressive
@ NYTIMES.com
mindset must still learn from the history
inscribed by the older generation. History
can serve as a useful beacon, what must
be done and what not. History can serve
as a mirror that how today’s actions are
shaping the history of tomorrow. It is
from this history, that today’s generation
can and must learn. However, if the dark
gaps of the nation’s history are never
filled, then mistakes upon mistakes will
continue to be made.
Hence, it is up to those administering
the nation to launch efforts to prevent
the undermining of Indonesia nationality,
which has penetrated the Indonesian
society at large in systematic ways.
The nation must take steps to secure
pluralism and the promise of nationality
as written in the Pancasila and
Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. EDUCATION IS THE KEY presumptions and prejudice towards
others unlike themselves, which is
the young generation is expected to
Currently, the nation is still faced with counterproductive. By broadening the
preserve the spirit of tolerance,
the situation and reality that isn’t concept of diversity amongst the youth, it
pluralism, and appreciation between
reassuring. In many locations involving is hoped that in the long-run Indonesia’s
diverse groups, and to make this spirit
tense situations due to ideological, diversity can be embodied.
the of the pulse of the nation.
ethnic and religious differences are still
occurring. In several places, places of The nation’s four pillars: Pancasila, The
With a multidimensional approach 1945 Constitution, The Unitary State of
prayer for certain religious groups are Indonesian citizens are encouraged
sealed, destroyed, some even burned. the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) and
to view problems from various Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, have been agreed
It’s regretful that a society which has perspectives. When considering the
been through so many lessons continue to act as the glue that binds the lives of
public’s response towards pluralism, Indonesian citizens and this multicultural
to engage in behavior that is intolerant the multitude of backgrounds should be
and unappreciative of pluralism. nation. The four pillars which are
factored in, starting with philosophical socialized at the MPR RI is on one side
ideologies, socio-economic factors, and fundamental, but on the other would be
What is even more regretful is when state political orientation.
institutions are hesitant in responding. fragile if the concrete implementation
13 SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014HEADLINE STORY
F undamental I nsight
“sell” themselves. If elected, it is of example where money is spent more for
course logical that paying off the loan the campaign process and detrimental of
and additional profit is in order. Thus, the their results.
funds used to pay off the debt from the
newly acquired position is the public’s In the European states, political funding
money. When using the public’s money, is nothing more than money from
the inclination to pursue corruption and political parties utilized to finance
engage in unlawful practices for the sake routine internal party activities during
of financial gain will be all the more likely. the election period. In Europe, the
campaigns are dominated by the parties,
In business, the bigger the capital spent, whereas in America, particularly in the
the bigger the expected profit. Whereas United States, they are dominated by
in the elections, although money isn’t the candidates (Nassmacher, 2001). In
the sole determining factor of winning, managing funding for political activities
money remains an essential requirement in Indonesia, both bank accounts (the
to execute campaign plans and attract bank accounts of the party and those
support (Jacobson, 1980). Therefore, of the campaigns) have indeed been
the issue of political funding becomes separated as of the 2004 elections.
of the Pancasila and Diversity is not absolutely crucial.
formulated. Still, candidates in the election contest
The Domination of Money often use other “hidden” accounts. In
Elections The critical phase during the elections other words, the publicly known bank
The general elections which always carry in their function within the process of accounts and the real ones, are vastly
the connotation as being a political and democracy are the campaigns. Four different. The election funds for the
Indonesian democracy particle, whether factors are in the election campaigns: candidate are in reality much larger than
the issue is the election at the bupati, candidates, candidate’s agendas and those made known to the public.
legislative election, up to the presidential issues, the so-called political engine
election is the embodiment of democracy (campaign organization), and funding. The business of the elections is a reality
in Indonesia. Initially, the elections were Of these four factors, the facts point out in our society. Engaging in election
aimed at electing a leader that possesses that funding is a very influencial factor. business, is promising for candidates,
integrity, competence and vision. Without money, the other three factors whether wealthy ones or those with
are relatively insignificant. limited budgets, but are willing to
Recently, however, the election resemble gamble and borrow. The elections are
more the candidate’s “business The characteristic of money is its power a huge business project, which clearly
field”. The elections and members in facilitating. Money can be transformed impede the eradication of corruption
of the political parties, comprising of into resources, and the other way in Indonesia. The devil’s circle, politics,
nationalists, religious, and perhaps also around, too, various resources can be business, political parties, and corruption
secular, appear to exert all efforts to gain transformed into money. Money boosts can only be overcome by candidates of
seats of power, rather than service to the political influence for those that have extremely high levels of moral integrity.
people. it, or those that have the authority to
distribute it (Nassmacher, 2001). This In the election business too “there is no
Hasn’t the answer to the question which turns the elections into a business, even such thing as a free lunch”. Donators
asks where the funds of the tickets as a potential business because of the will without doubt make things difficult
participating in the election campaigns strong influence of money. for our leaders. It is difficult to minimize
originate become common knowledge? their influence. Neither is it easy to pick
As an ordinary society, it’s perplexing Election procession anywhere, make this a “clean” candidate, from the candidate
to think, for instance, about the costs democratic event as an opportunity to lift pool.
of media advertisements that reach the well-being/well-fare is a bare fact
millions of viewers. For a 30 second spot that cannot be argued. Hodess (2004)
alone, millions must be spent; and that is formulated it in an even more vulgar The writer is a researcher at International
Conference of Islamic Scholars, Alumnni of
for a single airing. For several airings up way: political corruption and the misuse
Post-Graduate Universitas Trilogi Jakarta.
to 10 times, perhaps, and also on prime of power for private gain.
time, how much more is spent? Added
to this is the propaganda for banners, Indonesia does not have a culture and
posters and leaflets. The amount of election system that is checked and
waste produce is also not insignificant. error-free. As a comparison, the culture
of politics in America is more oriented
The fact is that not all candidates have towards the campaigns rather than
enormously large pockets. Some have towards the organization. Candidates
resorted to loans, or rather debt, to are more dominant than the parties, an
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 14T
“Being in democracy, he beginning of Indonesia`s disagreement that decentralization
indeed, it`s the point that independency within president creates little kingdom in each province;
leads us to be proud as Soekarno`s era was a time to which in certain part is true as there`s
Indonesians. We accept opt a way, and Indonesians then chose some excessive, but in general it has
democracy. Unfortunately, the choice shown even more positive result.
democracy, we face issues
had striven them vigorously. Started Centralization in the past led to serious
inside the democracy with parliamentary democracy that led criticism and decentralization has
itself and we encounter to ups and downs in the government, actually developed opportunities for the
them consistently”, Arif in which Soekarno considered it as an sake of each province`s improvement.
Zulkifli – Editor in Chief, understanding that would have never Such regional autonomy implementation
TEMPO magazine – started built a strong nation that coalesce. is totally fine and the negative impacts
our conversation in a Afterwards, a position was obtained of it are solely cases. Nevertheless, Arif
convincing perspective. again that returned Indonesia into emphasized that freedom in Indonesia
That day, Arif assured leadership democracy. The impact in is now unstoppable, in which it never
this era was extra-ordinary, indeed, the happened around 10 years ago. After
SOROTAN on how political
ups and downs were more than just a
condition in Indonesia has struggle.
never been better today “Today when an innocent
compared to those old days. Soeharto`s era was coloured with PERSON is intimidated, the
indication of cold war and communism,
W r i t e r & T r a n s l ato r : which Indonesia became one important
story won`t take long
Anisa Kirana part on international movement to fight to pop up online and on
againts communism. As Soekarno
Source: Arif Zulkifli
finished up his regime together with
newspaper. Reactions
eradication of communism, Soeharto are in all places around,
then applied what was so called
`democracy`. Even though some said
press conference is
that democracy version by Soeharto conducted to make
could be a camouflage solely, but
eventually it took up 32 years of the
a defence. Internal
country`s journey. investigation follows
Concrete Freedom & Comfort
and the accused one is
for Media sentenced. Even in few
Indonesians had never thought on
regional autonomy that could have
days to make a case goes
been truly free and personalised. public, it`s not absurd.”
Cynically, some would argue towards
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 16HEADLINE STORY
E x pert C ouch
“Indonesia has been quantitative and qualitative way. In the
past when everything was hidden, we
the independency of newsroom. It`s the
keyword of freedom and its access can
onto some experiments, even didn`t have any access to know and be managed.
we`ve tried all paths. control; if we had the chance to be aware
and took actions towards corruption, the Even though public in Indonesia can`t
If it`s priced, it could media itself would be laid off. control that media ownership should
belong to good people, but this reality
be extremely expensive. Indonesia before reformation was full can be solved with openess mechanism;
No matter how we of questions as some big names were namely, media pluralism. Here, it`s the
mentioned in doing a number of illegal people widely, readers and viewers, who
are in agony, we`ve practices that can be categorized can judge which one is right and wrong.
gone through it all into corruption. Not to mention some It`s a free choice, but it`s still important
names that were able to take up a huge to support good people to be in media
and indeed shaping a amount of money while at the same time business and get into the system. Well,
strong foundation. Our impacted to certain companies getting
collapsed. However, they all landed as
the room to improve should always be
open.
democracy is solid.” rumours and many cases hadn`t been
clarified yet until today. No one knew The Most Appropriate Formula
reformation occurred, foundation and
who got involved or played a part on for Indonesia`s Political System
infrastructure of freedom had been
major corruption cases. All the cases Arif analyzed that there is no sole
shaped very well and it`s been one of the
were never clear, no one understood the answer on the best formula for the
best things formed in the country.
motives behind and there has been no country`s political system. We`ve never
answers to explain anything. found an instant formula. One case that
One example has resulted in smaller
Indonesians years ago were worried
scale on criminalization zone towards
On the contrary, what happens now about each province`s leadership that
press; so there`s no more claim from
inside media work such as Tempo is the human resources were provided by
a news or information source that goes
marvellous; “Before public reveals a central government. It was the time when
directly to the police as a slander. Today
case, we are able to smell it first and locals envied people appointed to lead
there`s Memorandum of Understanding
wrote pieces on our publication. Once one area; they questioned on Javanese
between the police and press
we appeared to open about corruption who always became regent in Sumatra,
commission; in which the police has
on beef import that grabbed attention as an example. Then, the system was
to get through press commission first.
as a ministry and some politicians revised by having Pemilukada (local or
Surprisingly, our society seems happy
were seemingly took parts; our media provincial elections), but it eventually
by bringing cases to press commission
was reported to the press commission. turned out to experience money politics.
when they know that 80% of the incoming
People mocked us saying we released Every year there are 400 pemilukada
reports are media complaints won by the
a news without strong root or evidence. and it spends a huge amount of money;
sources. Meaning a high success rate.
Nevertheless, two years after in 2011, although we thought that it`s the most
Indonesia received a fact that two names democratic way. Nevertheless, elected
Indonesian media are no more frightened
leading the beef import corruption case new president Joko Widodo with his vice
and confident without disobeying the
were arrested”, Arif exemplified. president Jusuf Kalla mentioned that we
ethic code. They even give influence for
can`t avoid Pemilukada, but cost can
the public to be courageous. Endorsing
So, the pieces written by two years ago be reduced by conducting it together
people not to limit themselves in looking
that were produced with substances of at one time within manageable period.
for information. In further, the role of
journalism facts, obviously, needed quite Meaning that on every democracy
technology through online news website
long time to change them into legal facts. pathway, there`s always solution to get
and social media is becoming more
Here is the point that was impossible to improved.
effective as within short time a news
be reached in the past by media.
can be released. It should be a crucial
consideration for someone thinking
Freedom FOR Media to “President of Indonesia
to do illegal actions as his deed will be
published everywhere at a glance. It`s
Shape Politics or Political should be someone who
Adaptability to Media?
something that we have to be thankful.
Both work. Politics, with its dependency can guarantee that
Freedom All the Way,
on public opinion, considers media democracy mechanism
in playing its important role. But only
Media towards Corruption
in certain extents that media can be isn`t going to meet a
Some would misunderstand in assuming
that reformation conceives people to be
shaped because of politics or vice versa.
Several media ownerships are by some
setback. A good president
more free to do corruption. But according
to Arif, exemption and transparency are
names who have political importance, is to advance our
obviously able to hold corruption both in
which form negative opinion in public,
but the thing that won`t get influence is
democracy.”
17 SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014WHAT THEY SAY
ABOUT JOKOWI
LILIS, 23 yr, University Student
”Jokowi has clean supporters and potential candidates that are visionary
and suitable for high office position. Lilies expressed that she is for “mental
revolution” hoping that Indonesia’s democracy continues to mature.”
RATIH, 22 YR, University Student
“Jokowi is a populist leader and he has now been entrusted to lead
the country by the Indonesian people. He is anti-mainstream, polite
and meticulous in all the work he does.”
FEBRIZKY, 24 YR, company employee
“Jokowi has a good image, he is assertive, intelligent, yet down-to-
earth.”
AGNES, 24 YR, company employee
“Jokowi know the people well, he doesn’t claim to be what he is not,
he is against corruption, and will do what he can to make the next
government better.”
Sony Wibisono, 42 YR, Freeleancer
“Jokowi is assertive, and has a good influence on people around
him, he has an entrepreneurial spirit and knows where he stands.”
MIRNA GOZAL, PR MANAGER
“Jokowi is a humble leader, who is close to the people and who is
able to realize people’s aspirations. Mirna hopes that Jokowi can
lead the government into a better direction in various sectors,
such as bilateral relations, in the mining industry, etc.”
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 18EXCLUSIVE
INTERVIEW
Georg Witschel:
Congratulations,
Indonesia
The Ambassador of Germany to Indonesia, H.E Georg Witschel took a short meaningful
opportunity to share to SOROTAN on how he felt grateful towards Indonesia`s success in previous
presidential elections. To him, positivity is on Indonesia`s democracy as the elections attracted
70% voters, which was relatively higher than most western democracies. In further, Jokowi as
the chosen one is also hoped to continue Germany – Indonesia bilateral relationship.
Interview & Editing: Anisa Kirana
Text Transcription: Dennis Lischer
W
hat is democracy and how there is not a one size fits all approach, relations with Myanmar. But I have to
important is it for a country? but rather many different forms. say that Indonesia was one of the early
Democracy is an old Greek Second, you will see time and again, birds realizing that it makes sense
word meaning “the rule of the people”. countries which are transitioning from to include Myanmar in ASEAN and to
In other words, it means that the previously being a dictatorship moving help them to build a democracy and,
source of power in a country is with the towards democracy, and unfortunately, of course, advance their economy. The
people. In a democracy the people are of course, there are countries going country is definitely becoming much
sovereign; not a king, not a queen. In the other way around, a democracy more democratic, much more open,
our case, in Germany, it’s the people of being destroyed by a military coup Myanmar has opened up to the world,
Germany from which all power flows. or something else. But talking about and there is much more international
the transition from dictatorship to interaction, more possibilities for free
I trust that democracy is enormously democracy, these countries often media. So it is definitely a country in
important to ensure, first of all, the need some kind of assistance, to transition towards democracy and I
development of a country, and secondly build relevant institutions, to build up hope they will continue progressing
to ensure that such as country is a proper parliament, to ensure that that way. That was a good piece of
an accepted, peaceful, and reliable there is a separation of powers. Indonesian diplomacy.
partner in international relations.
Democracies usually do not tend Thus, I found it very impressive how How do you view Indonesia’s
to wage wars or to destabilize their Indonesia at an early stage supported democracy?
neighbours. Therefore, democracy Myanmar, and has successfully pushed My view is very positive. Indonesia has
is extremely important to build a for a transition there. Indonesia at elected a parliament and a president.
country and also to have that country a very early stage helped Myanmar That has been done in a way that
as a constructive member of the to join ASEAN. Obviously, Indonesia was quite peaceful, safe, and well-
international family of nations. trusted that Myanmar would move out organized. Of course, there are always
First, relating to what democracy is, from an authoritarian regime towards some problems. But for a country
there are many forms, differences, democracy and Myanmar has made with 260 million inhabitants, and with
about how democracy works or is being a lot of progress towards that. Now, 6,000 inhabited islands, organizing an
applied, there are different systems, we, Germany, have very intensive election is indeed a major challenge.
SOROTAN EDITION 3 / 2014 20Yes, there were a lot of black if there are major demonstrations don’t to burn or pillage. Indonesia has
campaigns, a.k.a “mud- slinging”, but in front of the embassy. But these really become a stable democracy.
it was not worse here than elsewhere. demonstrations happen quite often It’s a different country than it was ten
because this is part of a democracy years ago. Thank God!
There were five debates between also that there are demonstrations.
presidential and vice president We had not at all expected a repetition
candidates which were very accessible We were also quite aware that that of 1998, because the situation of the
to the public. It was good to learn present government, President SBY’s country in April or in July 2014 has
about their mission and vision. government had taken all necessary been completely different than what
Therefore, I found it remarkable how precautions and that the Government it was in 1998. The Orde Baru stood
well and peaceful these elections were had every interest to ensure safe for more than 30 years, there was a
organized, and that over 70 percent of elections including demonstrations. catastrophic economic and financial
the voters went to the opinion polls, Therefore, we were quite confident crisis, and the Order Baru not able to
a number that’s higher than in most that the elections would be done in a cope with it anymore, rather due to
western democracies. It’s clearly good safe and peaceful way. all the corruption, etc, to some extent
result. really bankrupt. This year has been
completely different. After ten years,
Show me another country with the you may criticize this government for
size, with the diversity of Indonesia, a “..this really shows not doing enough, with the support of
country with a large Muslim population that the democracy in a democratically elected parliament.
mixed with other ethnic minorities, Again if you look at SBY, he even said
where organized, peaceful elections Indonesian has taken deep that he is looking forward to stepping
with now a clear result can take place. roots. Congratulations!” down (he said this before elections
It’s quite rare and it has shown that started), seeing that there are able
democracy here has matured a lot. contenders to follow him, that’s a
President SBY will leave office in a The difference between 2014 and noble way to leave office.
quiet, decent and honest way and what happened in 1998, is that in
President-elect Jokowi will take over 1998 a dictatorship came down in a
in a peaceful transition of power. catastrophic economic crisis. This
This after 10 years of stability, of time President SBY leaves office as he
economic growth, of enabling a vibrant is supposed to, which is in accordance
democratic civil society, and mostly to the law. The state is functioning
free media. well, with the police, the military, and
the supervisory body for the elections
There are still things missing, such as in their respective places.
protection of religious minorities, and
to shed more light on what happened, Since 1998 a lot of reforms have taken
for instance, to Mr Munir about ten place. Nowadays, interest groups
years ago. But after ten years of the SBY can voice their concern, they can go
Government in power and now these demonstrating, they can write articles
peaceful elections, this really shows in newspapers. So, it has all become
that the democracy in Indonesian has part of a social play of how to achieve
taken deep roots. Congratulations! something, how to gain votes, you can
do that by fighting with democratic
This year’s elections were not 100% means. You don’t have to shoot, you
calm. There was almost chaos
as people took to the streets to
demonstrate. Were you worried at
that time that something happened?
No, we were not worried. Of course,
we always take certain precautions
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