Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims

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Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
RECYCLING AN                               JAPANESE AMERICANS           FOCUSING ON
    AIRCRAFT CARRIER                                       TO THE RESCUE      FIRST RESPONDERS

F O R E L E C T R I C C O O P E R AT I V E M E M B E R S                              FEBRUARY 2023

                                                                             Sly
                                                                           Catchers
                                                                            How the Big Thicket’s
                                                                             carnivorous plants
                                                                               trap and feast
                                                                               on tiny victims
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
contents

February 2023
                                                                                      04           Currents
                                                                                                   The latest buzz

                                                                                      06           TCP Talk
                                                                                                   Readers respond

                                                                                      18           Co-op News
                                                                                                   Information
                                                                                                   plus energy
                                                                                                   and safety
                                                                                                   tips from your
                                                                                                   cooperative

                                                                                      29           Footnotes in
                                                                                                   Texas History
                                                                                                   Rescue of the
                                                                                                   Lost Battalion
                                                                                                   By W.F. Strong

                                                                                      30           TCP Kitchen
                                                                                                   Cupcakes
                                                                                                   By Megan Myers

                                                                                      34           Hit the Road
                                                                                                   Important Entry

                                               12
                                                                                                   By Chet Garner

                                                                                      37
08 Caught                                      Breaking Up
                                                                                                   Focus on Texas
                                                                                                   Photo Contest:
                                                                                                   First Responders
              Cuisine                          Sailors offer bon voyage and

                                                                                      38
                                               watch the USS Kitty Hawk’s
              Four of the five species of      final journey—to a South                            Observations
              carnivorous plants in the U.S.   Texas recycling yard.                               T-Shirt Weather
              are found in the Big Thicket.                                                        By Lori Grossman
                                               By Eileen Mattei
              By Pam LeBlanc                   Photos by John Faulk
              Photos by Dave Shafer

             ON THE COVER
             A pitcher plant awaits
             its next meal.
             Photo by Dave Shafer
             ABOVE
             Bob Hope entertains
             aboard the USS Kitty Hawk
             in the Philippines in 1962.
             Photo by Corbis | Getty
             Images

T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM                                                   FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 3
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
Currents

Walk This Way
HOW’S THIS    for a carbon footprint?
   The state’s severe drought last summer mostly dried up the Paluxy
River that runs through Dinosaur Valley State Park, exposing dinosaur
                                                                          FINISH THIS
tracks from around 113 million years ago.                                 SENTENCE
   Scientists say 15-foot-tall Acrocanthosaurus left tracks in sediment
that hardened into what is now limestone in the park, about 60 miles      RAINY DAYS
southwest of Fort Worth.                                                  MAKE ME …
                                                                                Tell us how you would finish that
                                                                          sentence. Email your short responses
                                                                          to letters@TexasCoopPower.com or
                                                                          comment on our Facebook post.
                                                                          Include your co-op and town.
                                                                             Below are some of the responses
                                                                          to our December prompt: I can’t
                                                                          believe I used to wear …

                                                                          Bib overalls, no shirt, a straw hat
                                                                          and I went barefoot.
                                                                          OTIS LINAM
                                                                          VICTORIA EC
                                                                          VICTORIA

                                                                          Blue suede cowboy boots.
                                                                          L E O N C A S TA N E D A J R .
                                                                          PA N O L A - H A R R I S O N E C
                                                                          MARSHALL

                                                                          White lipstick in the ’60s—and
                                                                          we thought we looked good.

                                                                                                                                        PARK : MAE GAN L AN HAM | TPWD. TOMATO ES: ELEN A ZI NI NA | D RE AMSTIME .CO M. BARN: HERO IMAGES | STO C K . ADOBE .C OM
                                                                          GWEN SPIESS
                                                                          BLUEBONNET EC
                                                                          BRENHAM

                                                                          Underwear with no slot in front—
                                                                          made by my mom from flour sacks.
                                                                          JAC K H OWA R D
                                                                          WOOD COUNTY EC
                                                                          WINNSBORO

                                                                          Parachute pants.
                                                                          GLENN QUESENBERRY
                                                                          H A M I LT O N C O U N T Y E C
                                                                          HICO

                                                                          Leisure suits and platform shoes.
                                                                          JOHN MONK
                                                                          U N I T E D C O O P E R AT I V E S E R V I C E S
                                                                          GODLEY

                                                                          Visit our website to see more responses.

4 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER FEBRUARY 2023                                                                T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
“No man knows
   what he can do
   until he tries.”
   —CARTER G. WOODSON

     Contests and More
ENTER CONTESTS AT
TEXASCOOPPOWER.COM

$500 RECIPE CONTEST
Garden Bounty
FOCUS ON TEXAS PHOTOS
Dad
WIN A CAST-IRON SKILLET
Enter online now to win an
heirloom-quality No. 10 skillet
from Fredericksburg Cast Iron Co.

                                          988 Saves Lives
                                          PEOPLE WHO NEED HELP        or counseling in a crisis can now call or text
                                          988 to reach the national suicide prevention lifeline from anywhere in
                                          the U.S. The hope is that the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline becomes
                                          synonymous with mental health care, just as 911 is with public safety.

Electrifying                                 Suicide rates in rural America were 18.9 per 100,000 people compared

Fact
                                          to 13.2 in urban areas in 2021, according to the National Institutes of
                                          Health. And the difference in suicide rates between rural and urban
In 1935, when the Rural Electrification   areas widened between 1999 and 2019.
Administration was established,              Stress and anxiety from raising crops or livestock, depression from
just 1 in 10 U.S. farms received          being in a remote setting, and the stigmatization of mental illness are
electricity. By 1947, electrification     factors that sometimes lead to suicidal thoughts, according to Rural
had spread to more than half the          Health Information.

farms in the country. Your electric
cooperative continues a tradition
that’s 88 years strong.

T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM                                                            FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 5
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
TCP Talk
                                                                                                                                           A Raw Deal

                                                                                                                                           “My mom would make
                                                                                                                                            meatloaf, and once all the
                                                                                                                                            seasoning was mixed in,
                                                                                                                                            she and I would eat a tiny
                                                                                                                                            bite before she cooked it.”
                                                                                                                                           BROOKE ZUCHA
COURTESY CHET GARNER

                                                                                                                                           V I A FAC E B O O K

                       Fish Fanfare                                                                                                        The Wonder of Waylon                                 Under His Guidance
                       Nowadays the accepted way to display                        I like a rare steak, but                                The Arable Twos [November                            In 1980, Bill Steele took our
                       a bass is to grip it by the lower jaw and                   I’m not sure I could                                    2022] was happy, positive,                           coed Scout Explorer post
                       allow it to hang perfectly vertical [Lakes’                 try this [A Raw Deal,                                   beautifully written and, for                         and a few of us sponsors on
                                                                                   December 2022].
                       Allure, November 2022]. Alternatively,                                                                              me, quite uplifting. I could                         a winter trip to Bustamante,
                       you can grip the lower jaw and support                      JANELLE                                                 picture Waylon doing all those                       Nuevo León, Mexico, to
                                                                                   OV E R H O U S E
                       it under the belly if you want to display                   V I A FA C E B O O K                                    things Martha Deeringer so                           explore the caves there [Un-
                       it horizontally.                                                                                                    perfectly described. It had me                       charted Territory, October
                          In either case, you do not want to twist                                                                         smiling the entire time.                             2022]. We learned so much
                       the fish’s jaw to force it open, as the two an-                                                                                                                           and have many great memo-
                                                                                                                                           Art Farias
                       glers on Page 14 [below] seem to be doing.                                                                                                                               ries of that trip.
                                                                                                                                           Pedernales EC
                                                                                                                                           Lampasas
                       Alan Buckner                                                                                                                                                             Ed Palmer
                       CoServ                                                                                                                                                                   Pedernales EC
                       The Colony                                                                                                                                                               Dripping Springs
                                                                                                                                           We raised our two boys this
                                                                                                                                           way (in Ohio, not Texas), and
                       These events have exploded                                                                                          I know this is how children be-
                       in popularity in the past 8–10                                                                                      come accomplished and confi-
                       years and offer a great expe-                                                                                        dent men and women. Adults,
                                                                                                                                                                                                      WRITE TO U S
                       rience for many kids who                                                                                            no matter what job they hold,                        letters@TexasCoopPower.com
                       don’t play traditional sports.                                                                                      have the roots that built them
                       You mentioned a few of the                                                                                          strong from childhood.                               Editor, Texas Co-op Power
                                                                                                                                                                                                1122 Colorado St., 24th Floor
                       organizations but left out the                                                                                         The story is worded so pro-
                                                                                                                                                                                                Austin, TX 78701
                       Southeast Texas High School                                                                                         foundly that it brought tears
                                                                                                                 COURTESY JULIAN CLEPPER

                       Fishing Association.                                                                                                to my eyes.                                          Please include your electric
                                                                                                                                                                                                co-op and town. Letters may
                       Randy Hanna                                                                                                         Jody Brown                                           be edited for clarity and length.
                       Houston County EC                                                                                                   Tri-County EC
                       Zavalla                                                                                                             Perrin                                                                 Texas Co-op Power

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                       6 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER FEBRUARY 2023                                                                                                                                             T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
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T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM                                                                                             FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 7
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
B Y PA M L E B L A N C • P H O T O S B Y D AV E S H A F E R

Caught
       Cuisine                                                                                       The Big Thicket’s four
                                                                                                     species of carnivorous
                                                                                                     plants entice then
                                                                                                     consume unwary insects

H               undreds of slender, funnel-shaped plants
                line a boardwalk at Big Thicket National
Preserve, where I’m trailing biologist Andrew Bennett on
a warm April morning.
   They look hungry.
   The lime green, red-veined throats of the foot-tall plants
gape, like baby birds awaiting a worm delivery from a
parent. But these unusual plants have other plans for din-
ner: unsuspecting insects.
   Four of the five types of carnivorous plants that grow in
North America—the pitcher plants we’re now admiring,
along with sundews, bladderworts and butterworts—are
found here and elsewhere in East Texas. (Venus’ flytraps,
whose eating parts resemble a hinged lima bean with teeth,
don’t grow in Texas; they’re endemic to the Carolinas.)
   I’m on a quest to find all four Texas natives, and Bennett,
acting chief of resource management at Big Thicket, has
offered his help.
   We’re off to a good start. We have no trouble finding these
trumpet-shaped pitcher plants, which grow by the thou-
sands along the mile-long, aptly named Pitcher Plant Trail
in the Turkey Creek Unit of the 113,000-acre preserve.
   Carnivorous plants, Bennett says, thrive in soils that are    cross between a Venus’ flytrap and a butterwort, and it
low in nutrients. They’re not endangered, but they do require    needed human blood—not just a few insects—to survive.
a very specific habitat, and these East Texas bogs provide it.       Unlike Audrey Jr., pitcher plants don’t feed on humans. They
   First, pitcher plants need wetlands. The groundwater in       don’t use quick movements to hunt their food, either. And
this part of the preserve is close to the surface, so the        they’re a lot smaller than the theatrical version of the plant.
ground tends to stay wet. They also need periodic fire, to           Insects are attracted to pitcher plants because of their
create a more open understory and to recycle nutrients into      color, nectar and scent. When a bug lands on the waxy lip
the soil. Rangers at the Big Thicket use prescribed burns to     of the plant’s funnel, it slides down into the tube, where
do that. And finally, they need insects, which provide            downward-pointing hairs keep it from climbing out and
                                                                                                                                             WASP: ALEKSS | STOCK.ADOBE.COM

nutrients in soils without much nitrogen. The Big Thicket
has no shortage of those.
   For some people, carnivorous plants call to mind the off-      OPPOSITE     Pitcher plants grow by the
                                                                 thousands in Big Thicket National
Broadway show Little Shop of Horrors, based on a 1960 film
                                                                 Preserve in East Texas. ABOVE The
about a ravenous bit of vegetation. Audrey Jr., as it was        entrance to the preserve’s Pitcher
called in the original film (it was remade in the 1980s), was a   Plant Trail is outside the town of Warren.

8 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER FEBRUARY 2023                                                                     T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM   FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 9
Sly Catchers How the Big Thicket's carnivorous plants trap and feast on tiny victims
escaping. Eventually, it winds up in a tiny pool of fluid at        It’s a 20-minute drive to our next stop down a quiet, narrow
the bottom of the funnel. Enzymes in that fluid slowly eat          road inside the preserve, where we pull off and squirt a
away at the wasps, ants and other foraging insects that land       little bug spray on our ankles to fend off the mosquitoes
there, and the plant absorbs nutrients from the “bug soup.”        before striking out into the forest.
Cut one open and you might find several disintegrating                 The going is slow. There’s no trail to follow here, so we slog
insects stacked up inside it.                                      our way through thick underbrush and around tall trees.
  During our walk, the sun lights up the pitcher plants like       Everything looks the same to me, and it’s hard to maintain a
rows of bright green candles. Bennett and I admire them for        straight line, so Bennett consults his GPS. He knows the
a while, strolling up and down the boardwalk. Then he leans        exact coordinates of where we’ll find the bladderwort.
over, pointing out something low to the ground. I follow his          At one point a flash of movement catches my eye, and I
finger and see it: a small, roundish plant hugging the              spring back just in time to avoid a copperhead, a venomous
ground. It’s made up of small arms, each one tipped with a         pit viper with beautiful gray and rust-colored markings.
fingernail-sized fleshy paddle flocked in glistening red hairs.       The snake blends into the ground cover so well that it dis-
Those hairs secrete a sticky substance—and beware any              appears from sight a moment later.
insect that sets foot in it. The sundew, like the pitcher plant,      Soon we reach a swamp the size of a baseball diamond.
uses enzymes to slowly absorb any prey that gets caught.           The ground squishes underfoot at its edges, and the place
  The best time to see both plants is late April and May.          smells organic and earthy. Emerald-colored moss covers
  “It seems like people always expect them to be a lot             logs like velvet, and tannins have turned the shallow water
bigger, especially sundews, or to trap more actively, like         the color of tea. A barred owl hoots in the distance. The
Venus’ flytraps do,” Bennett says. “These are more passive.         whole place feels primordial. I wouldn’t be surprised to see
They wait for bugs to fall in or get stuck.”                       a dinosaur emerge from the gloom.
  Still, they’re charismatic plants, and this concentration of        A shaft or two of light filters through the leaves into the
them is among the largest in the U.S.                              bog in front of us, where tupelo trees stand knee-deep in
  “I don’t know of a bigger stand in Texas,” Bennett says.         the water. Bennett, who is wearing boots, sloshes in. A
  With pitcher plants and sundews checked off our list,             moment later, he’s found what he’s looking for.
Bennett and I head back to our trucks to continue our hunt.           Bladderwort, which looks like delicate strands of dill
                                                                   fringed with clusters of pinhead-sized balls, floats on the
                                                                   surface of the brown water. Those tiny balls are the plant’s
Biologist Andrew Bennett scoops                                    namesake bladders, and they not only keep the plant afloat;
bladderwort from a swamp.                                          they trap the tiny aquatic bugs that it needs to survive.

1 0 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER F EBRUARY 2023                                                                    T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
TAKE A HIKE
                                                                           If you want to examine East
                                                                           Texas’ flesh-eating flora, hit
                                                                           these trails.

                                                                           The Pitcher Plant Trail in the
                                                                           Big Thicket National Preserve’s Turkey
                                                                           Creek Unit is a 1-mile loop about 40
                                                                           miles north of Beaumont that’s free
                                                                           to the public.

                                                                           The Nature Conservancy’s Roy
                                                                           E. Larsen Sandyland Sanctuary
                                                                           is just down the road. The 6 miles of
                                                                           trails there are also free to access.

C LO C K W ISE FROM TOPTiny, colorful sun-
dews use enzymes to absorb insects
that get trapped in their glistening hairs.
Delicate strands of bladderwort. The
elusive butterwort escaped the author’s
eye, but our photographer spotted one.

                                                                sticky ooze. Bugs looking for water get stuck in the butter-
                                                                wort’s secretions, triggering enzymes that break down their
  And unlike the pitcher plants, which passively trap their     soft body parts.
food, the bladderwort moves using a reflexive process               That’s OK. Now I have another reason to return to East
called thigmotropism. As insects are lured into openings on     Texas: to continue my search for these unusual little plants.
the tiny bladders, they close, trapping the prey inside.           I glance at the vegetation around me. Until now, I’ve
  That leaves just one plant on my checklist: The wily and      thought of all these flowers, bushes, trees and vines as a
elusive butterwort.                                             sort of soft green wallpaper to the outdoors. Now, the car-
  This time, we’re out of luck. We can’t find any of the         nivorous ways of some of these plants have given me a
plants, with their taco-shaped leaves dotted with droplets of   new jolt of respect. D

T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM                                                               FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 1 1
— — — — — — — — —

                                                  — — — — — — — — — — — —

                                                                              — — — — — — — — —

BREAKING
       UP
                                                           Sailors offer bon voyage and
                                                           watch the final journey of the
                                                           beloved USS Kitty Hawk—to
                                                           a South Texas recycling yard

1 2 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER F EBRUARY 2023                                                      T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
B Y E I L E E N M AT T E I • P H O T O S B Y J O H N FA U L K

                                           D
                                                         avid Gross stands among about 5,000 men
                                                         and women who served on the USS Kitty Hawk
                                                         between 1961 and 2009 as the towering super-
                                                         carrier is towed through Brazos Santiago Pass.
                                              They’re crowded onto South Padre Island’s south shore
                                           to pay their respects and reminisce about the extraordinary
                                           aircraft carrier that had been their home away from home.
                                              That home moved around: Vietnam and Afghanistan, in
                                           the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, but mostly in the western
                                           Pacific, until it was retired 14 years ago as the last conven-
                                           tionally powered American carrier. But today, after 48 years
                                           of active service, the decommissioned ship arrived at the          His sentiment was echoed by Joseph Houck of Somerset,
                                           Port of Brownsville, never to sail again.                       who was aboard 1989–93. He came to South Padre to see the
                                              Watching the Kitty Hawk head to the recycling yard is        first ship on which he had served and recalled watching
                                           “kind of like having the house you grew up in torn down,”       dolphins racing alongside as the carrier reached 30 knots.
                                           says Gross, who came from San Diego to see the carrier one      “For fun, we had roller chair derbies during sea trials,” he says.
                                           last time. He served as a roof rat—part of the flight deck           Jet engines once roared as catapults launched Phantoms,
                                           crew—40 years ago.                                              A-6s and Hawkeyes from the carrier’s short deck. Coupled
                                              Veterans—from the Silent Generation, baby boomers,           with the shrill whines of fighters and reconnaissance
                                           Gen Xers and millennials—roar in pride and appreciation         planes landing and coming to abrupt stops as their tail
                                           as Gross raps out a long, proud tribute: “We are the Kitty,     hooks caught a cable on the deck, sailors’ attempts at
                                           and we ride the back of a Hawk. We were young. We were          sleeping could get complicated.
                                           strong, working day and night long—12 on and 12 off, jet            Another complication occurred in March 1984, when a
                                           exhaust we did cough. Yeah, we’re the crew of the Kitty,        nosy Soviet sub passed directly in front of the Kitty Hawk
                                           and we walk the walk.”                                          in the Sea of Japan. The carrier plowed over the nuclear
                                                                                                           vessel, which rolled underneath it. The sub remained mostly
                                           OCEANFRONT HOME

                                           T
                                                                                                           intact but left behind a propeller in the carrier’s bow, a
                                                  he Kitty Hawk, a small floating city (population          Cold War triumph still celebrated by the Kitty’s crew.
                                                  5,280) with a major airport, housed the ship’s com-      Sailors fondly remembered, too, the superb seamanship
                                                  pany, deployed air wing and the admiral’s staff.          of the captain who heeled over the Kitty Hawk to pass under
                                           Essential duties of those onboard ranged from air traffic         the Golden Gate Bridge without taking off the antennas.
                                           controller, jet mechanic, roof rat and parachute rigger to         Rich Orth was onboard for the Kitty Hawk’s first voyage
                                           pilot, electrician and cook working in 12-hour shifts. Many     around the Horn of Africa in 1961, and he was among the
                                           sailors were teenagers when they first came aboard and           68 civilians invited on board for its last powered cruise,
                                           formed enduring bonds with their ship and shipmates.            from San Diego to a reserve fleet at Bremerton, Washington.
                                              “The Kitty was by far my favorite ship. Everyone had a       “It was a different Navy back then,” he says. “Nothing com-
                                           can-do attitude,” says Gordon Wilcox, a 21-year veteran who     pared to the Hawk.”
                                           served two tours on the carrier. The Alvarado resident and
                                                                                                           GONE FROM SIGHT

                                                                                                           L
                                           United Cooperative Services member initially photographed
                                           shipboard events for news releases. Later he worked with               ooming 140 feet above the water, taller than most
                                           reconnaissance cameras used by pilots.                                 island condo buildings, the Kitty Hawk slid past its
                                              Aviation electrician A.J. Reynolds served two tours on              devotees May 31, 2022, en route to the Brownsville
                                           the carrier. “I was 18 or 19 when I first went on the Kitty      Ship Channel while tour boats and fishing boats flitted
SAILORS: KOICHI KAMOSHIDA | GETTY IMAGES

                                           Hawk,” says the Bandera Electric Cooperative member.            around it like tiny remoras nibbling on a whale.
                                           “It was special. I’ll never forget it.”                            The Kitty Hawk came to rest at International Shipbreaking
                                                                                                           Limited after being towed almost 17,000 miles from Bremer-
                                                                                                           ton. ISL is one of three companies in the U.S., all in Browns-
                                           OPPOSIT E   The USS Kitty Hawk, home to 130,000                 ville, that meet the strict environmental, safety and health
                                           sailors in its history, sails in Texas waters for its
                                           final journey. ABOVE Sailors wave American flags
                                                                                                           standards required to dismantle Navy and U.S.-flagged ships.
                                           as the supercarrier returned to a Japanese port                 ISL counts the aircraft carriers Independence, Ranger and
                                           in 2003 after operations in the Persian Gulf.                   Constellation among more than 80 U.S. Navy and Maritime

                                           T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM                                                                 FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 1 3
Kitty Hawk veterans sign a
    commemorative flag near
    Brazos Santiago Pass.

Administration vessels it has recycled since 1995.             towering structure known as the island, or mast, was the
   ISL has a service contract with the Navy for each ship,     first section cut loose and lowered to the ground. The
secured by a penny payment, says Bob Berry, the company’s      sections swung from the ship to shore weigh up to 10 tons
co-founder and vice president. “We don’t own the ship.” But    each. Hydraulic shears and torches reduce the metals to
once pieces are cut up and set on the ground, they do own      manageable chunks. The carrier’s four main steam-driven
the salvaged metal. “Salvage material goes out by barge, rail  engines, which supplied up to 100,000 horsepower each,
and truck all over the world, depending on the best prices     must be cut into segments before removal. Armaments
on the steel scrap market,” he says. Armored steel plating,    are demilitarized and then cut into unidentifiable pieces.
made with special alloys, is destined
for a Pennsylvania mill that will
remake it for use in other Navy ships.        Watching the Kitty Hawk head to the recycling yard is
   By May 2024, 60,000 tons of metal          “kind of like having the house you grew up in torn down.”
(a remarkable 95% of the ship) will
have been recycled from the Kitty
Hawk, according to Berry. “We’ve done enough ships that        ISL donated switches and gauges from the Kitty Hawk to
we know exactly how much metal comes out,” he says. With       the USS Lexington Museum in Corpus Christi.
all their stainless and structural steel, aluminum, brass, and    While former Kitty Hawk sailors and aviators had hoped
copper, ships are among the most recyclable manufactured       the carrier would become a museum, they can console
products. (Cars are 65% recyclable.)                           themselves with challenge coins cut from its brass and
   A monitor over Berry’s desk shows views of the busy,        available from ISL. Hefty chunks of the flight deck have
noisy 80-acre recycling yard. He explained the Kitty Hawk      been cut into brick-sized mementos as well.
first underwent environmental and safety inspections               The public can see the dismantling progress only during
before a contractor removed asbestos and flammable              the winter months, when South Padre tour companies offer
materials. Then rectangles, 8 feet by 10 feet, were cut into   ship channel cruises. The Kitty Hawk and the USS John F.
the hull superstructure and folded outward like a sardine      Kennedy are among the eight ships ISL is breaking up in 2023.
can lid to provide work crews with natural light and ventila-     “With the remaking of her earthly frame, her spirit will
tion. After removing wiring and pipes for recycling, ISL       live on,” says Chris Green, ISL president.
employees use cutting torches to break up the 1,047-foot-         After the carrier reached its final mooring, one former
long ship into sections.                                       sailor remarked on Facebook, “She got to go out with her
   Gawky cranes with giant magnets and grapples remove         kids all around her showing their love.” D
modular sections of the ship in the reverse order of their
assembly 60-plus years ago at a New Jersey shipyard. The

1 4 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER F EBRUARY 2023                                                              T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
PRESIDENTS’ DAY
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LONE STAR MEN’S DIAMOND
                                                                              CHRONOGRAPH WATCH
                                                                                  A FINE JEWELRY EXCLUSIVE FROM THE BRADFORD EXCHANGE

                                                                                                                                                                      Hand-set with a
                                                                                                                                                                      Sparkling Genuine
                                                                                                                                                                      Diamond

                                                                                                                                                                      LONE STAR STATE
                                                                                                                                                                      is etched on the side
                                                                                                                                                                      of the watch case

                                                                                                                                                                       Etched on the back with
                                                                                                                                                                       the distinctive state of
                                                                                                                                                                       Texas overlaid with the
                                                                                                                                                                       state flag, and the words
                                                                                                                                                                       TEXAS FOREVER
                                                                                                                Crafted in Stainless Steel,
                                                                                                                with 3 Sub-dials, Date
                                                                                                                Window and Precision
                                                                                                                Quartz Movement

                                                         It’s Time to Show Your Texas Pride!
Now you can with a custom-designed timepiece as distinctive and bold as its                                                                      Limited-time Offer... Order Today!
namesake—the great state of Texas. Crafted in rugged stainless steel, our “Lone                                Complete with a deluxe case and a Certificate of Authenticity, the “Lone Star”
Star” Men’s Diamond Chronograph Watch showcases a genuine diamond-studded                                      Men’s Diamond Chronograph Watch is an exceptional value at $199.99*, and you
sheriff’s badge design on a rich gold-tone watch face, which features 3 sub-dials for                          can pay for it in 5 easy installments of $40.00. To reserve yours, backed by our
seconds, minutes and hours, a date window, and the words TEXAS FOREVER and                                     unconditional 120-day guarantee and a full-year limited warranty, send no money
LONE STAR STATE.                                                                                               now; just fill out and send in the Reservation Application. But hurry... this is a
       The watch also has a rotating tachymeter bezel, and the stainless steel and                             limited-time offer!
gold-tone bracelet is accented with the state’s proud Texas Longhorn and the                                                             Order today at bradfordexchange.com/133752
famous Texas star. Etched on the side are the words LONE STAR STATE, and the
back is etched with the state of Texas overlaid with the state flag and the sentiment
TEXAS FOREVER. The watch’s Precision Quartz Movement and adjustable C-clasp
provide dependable accuracy and a comfortable fit.                                                                                                            ©2020 The Bradford Exchange 01-13375-002-BIPR
                                     PRIORITY RESERVATION                                                   SEND NO MONEY NOW

                                                                                                                                                  Signature

                                                    9345 Milwaukee Avenue · Niles, IL 60714-1393                                                  Mrs. Mr. Ms.
                                                                                                                                                                          Name (Please Print Clearly)
                                     YES.    Please reserve the “Lone Star” Men’s Diamond Chronograph
                                     Watch for me as described in this announcement.                                                              Address
                                                                 LIMITED-TIME OFFER                                                               City                       State               Zip
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                                     *Plus a total of $15 shipping and service (see bradfordexchange.com). Please allow 4-6 weeks for
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         Shown actual size           delivery of your jewelry after we receive your initial deposit. Sales subject to product availability and
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MIKHAIL OLYK AYN E N | ISTOC K .CO M
                                       Electric Notes

                                       Points To Consider Before Replacing Windows
                                       I F YO U R H O M E ’ S W I N D O W S are very old, and if you can feel a   grease to get them back into shape. Wooden windows, even if
                                       chill when you stand near them when the weather is cold, you               they were built before 1960, can last the life of the home.
                                       might consider replacing them. Just be sure to prepare your-                 If your existing windows don’t open or are hard to clean,
                                       self for a bit of sticker shock when you get your first bid for             replacing them might be your best bet.
                                       replacing windows. To help you decide if replacement is the
                                       right move, you’ll want to consider a few factors.                         Resale Value
                                                                                                                  Windows are a major point of interest for some prospective
                                       Increased Comfort                                                          homebuyers, which is why we often hear that window replace-
                                       When you’re near a cold surface, such as a window, you can                 ment is good for resale value. But a 2019 study by the National
                                       feel chilly even if the temperature inside your home is over               Association of Realtors found that on average across the U.S.,
                                       70 degrees. The inside surface of an inefficient, single-pane                installing new vinyl windows cost about $22,000 per home but
                                       window will be much colder on a winter night than that of a                increased resale value by only $16,500. Only 4% of realtors said
                                       double- or triple-pane window.                                             that new windows helped close the sale.
                                          Window coverings are one approach to increasing the com-
                                       fort level of your home. Curtains and blinds are very effective             Energy Savings
                                       at reducing radiant heat loss in the winter and can even block             Companies that sell new windows sometimes advertise greater
                                       some unwanted heat gain in the summer.                                     energy savings than the new windows can actually deliver. The
                                          Another consideration is the sun. If you have lots of winter            amount of energy you save really depends on the efficiency of
                                       sunshine, you should take this into account as you ponder                  your existing windows compared to the efficiency of the replace-
                                       window replacement. Some windows are better at letting the                 ment windows. An energy auditor can estimate potential savings,
                                       sun’s heat into the home than others.                                      but most audits show that there are much more cost-effective
                                                                                                                  energy-saving investments than replacing windows.
                                       Appearance and Function                                                      On average, according to Energy Star, replacing single-pane
                                       If your windows are older, you may be considering new wood-                windows in a 2,000-square-foot home with Energy Star-certified
                                       or vinyl-framed windows for an exterior facelift. But keep in              windows will produce average savings of $125–$340 a year,
                                       mind that if you own an older home with classic wooden                     depending on where you live. At this rate, it would take a
                                       windows, vinyl replacements might look out of place. It’s                  decade or more to pay off your initial investment. D
                                       possible to buy new windows that match the style of some older
                                       wooden windows, or you could decide to apply a little elbow

                                       1 8 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER F EBRUARY 2023                                                                         T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
Working Alarms
                        Could Save Your Life

                        I F YO U R H O M Ehas a fireplace or any gas appliances, you should install
                        carbon monoxide alarms in or near every bedroom.
                           The CO alarm will react when it senses that carbon monoxide levels in
                        your house are too high, usually because an appliance is malfunctioning.
                        CO alarms do not detect natural gas leaks.

                                                                                                                                                             NO IRC HO C O L ATE | ISTO C K .C O M
                           Here are eight tips for ensuring your CO alarms work when you need
                        them:
                           1. Most warranties cover only five years, so replace your alarms at least
                        that often.
                           2. Replace batteries at least once a year or when the device starts making
                        a chirping sound. That’s usually the indication of a low battery.
                           3. Test the alarms regularly according to the manufacturer’s instruc-
                        tions—often by pressing and holding the test button for 20 seconds.
                           4. Install CO alarms at least 10 feet away from sources of humidity like     February Is
                        showers and bathrooms, where steam can trigger false alarms.
                           5. Place a CO alarm on every level of your house and at the top of the       American
                        basement stairs, even if there are no bedrooms on those floors.
                           6. Do not put an alarm in the garage or kitchen or a room with a gas
                                                                                                        Heart Month
                        furnace.                                                                        AMERICAN HE ART MONTH      isn’t about
                           7. If your alarm goes off too often, it probably means it’s too close to a    romance. It’s about keeping your heart
                        fireplace, gas furnace or stove. It also could mean that your gas appliances     healthy by eating nutritious food and
                        are not burning the fuel completely. If you see a yellow or orange pilot        regulating blood pressure and choles-
                        light, that could be the case. Call a plumber to check it out.                  terol levels.
                           8. Leave alarms plugged in all year, not just during heating season. Your
                                                                                                        Even if your New Year’s resolution to eat
                        gas stove, clothes dryer and water heater are potential sources of dangerous
                                                                                                        healthier and exercise regularly is already
                        leaks. And a running vehicle in the garage can cause deadly gas buildup in
                                                                                                        a distant memory, February is a great time
                        the home. D
                                                                                                        to kick-start your healthy heart routine.

                                                                                                        Electric appliances you might already
                                                                                                        have in your kitchen can help. Some
                                                                                                        kitchen appliances can even help you
                                                                                                        save energy.

                                                                                                        A multicooker like an Instant Pot can
                                                                                                        steam and air-fry meat and vegetables
                                                                                                        without oil. A slow cooker can prepare
                                                                                                        chicken and beef dishes without added
                                                                                                        fats, too, if you simmer them in broth,
                                                                                                        juice or another liquid and let the meal
                                                                                                        stew all day.

                                                                                                        A blender makes it simple to whip up
                                                                                                        smoothies for breakfast, and an electric
                                                                                                        indoor grill draws the fat from meat into a
                                                                                                        drip pan below the grate instead of using
                                                                                                        it to cook the dish.

                                                                                                        This February, redefine “romance” to
                                                                                                        include helping yourself and your partner
                                                                                                        get and stay heart healthy. D
F IZKES | ISTOCK .COM

                        T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM                                                        FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 1 9
Beachcombing
                                                                                                                             at home.
                                                                                                                             Texas Co-op Power presents an illustrated
                                                                                                                             Seashells of Texas poster by artist Aletha
                                                                                                                             St. Romain, 20x16 inches, suitable for framing.
                                                                                                                             Order online at TexasCoopPower.com
                                                                                                                             for only $20 (price includes tax, shipping
                                                                                                                             and handling).
                                                                                                                             Bonus offer: Get 2 posters shipped to the
                                                                                                               $20           same address for just $30.
                                                                                                              or 2 for
                                                                                                               $30
       Please allow 4–6 weeks for delivery.                                                                                  From the publishers of

                                                                                Give friends and family
                                          T OF
                                                                                    the Best of Texas.
                                  THE BES
                                                             LY
                             TY PI CA L                                              Texas Co-op Power presents a collection of best-loved recipes

                              TEXAS
                                                                                     from two of our most popular cookbooks ever, the Typically
                                                                                     Texas Cookbook and The Second Typically Texas Cookbook.
                                            OOK—
                                 —C O O K B

                                                                                     This cookbook is filled with more than 700 recipes,
                                                                                     including more than 300 dessert recipes.
                                                                                     Order online at TexasCoopPower.com and put The Best of
                                                                                     Typically Texas Cookbook in your kitchen for only $29.95
                                                                                     (price includes tax, shipping and handling).
                                                                                     To order by mail, send a check or money order
                                                                                     payable to TEC for $29.95 to Best of Typically
                                                                                     Texas Cookbook, 1122 Colorado St., 24th Floor,        $29.95
                                 FRO M THE
                                           PUB LIS HER
                                                         S OF TEX
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                                                                            POW ER
                                                                                     Austin, TX 78701.
                                                                                     From the publishers of
                                                                                     Please allow 4-6 weeks for delivery.

2 0 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER F EBRUARY 2023                                                                                                           T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
Lower Your
  Thermostat,
  Lower Your Bill

   Conserve electricity and
   avoid higher winter energy
   bills. Setting the thermostat
   to 68 degrees when home—
   and lower when away—
   saves money.

   Save even more!
   Turn off and unplug unused
   lights and appliances.
   Close shades and blinds at
   night to reduce heat loss.
   Open them to capture solar
   heat on sunny days.
   Avoid using electric space
   heaters.
   Change furnace filters.
                                                                                     ALE KSAN DARNAKI C | ISTOCK .COM

   Weatherstrip or caulk doors
   and windows.

   Your electric cooperative
   encourages you to always
   use energy efficiently.

T E X ASC O O PPOW E R .COM        FEB R UA RY 2023 T E X AS C O - O P POW E R 2 1
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Texas USA

A Subtle Champion
Remembering Texan Emmett Jay Scott and his advocacy during Black History Month

BY GE NE FOWLE R                                E M M E T T J AY S C OT T,
                                                                        a Texan born 150 years ago this month, established
                                                a remarkable record of achievement, mostly out of the public eye. His long
                                                life was so full that a biography of the writer, educator, government official
                                                and right-hand man to Booker T. Washington took author Maceo Dailey
                                                some 50 years to complete.
                                                   Scott’s name doesn’t come up often in tributes during Black History
                                                Month, yet decades ago his significant championing of African American
                                                rights warranted a commentary in The Pittsburgh Courier, a Black news-
                                                paper that potently pegged him as a quiet leader.
                                                   “He exhorts an influence upon public men which is unique and inim-
                                                itable; but the basis of his influence is subtle, intangible and difficult to
                                                                                                                                    COU RTESY LI BR ARY O F CO NGRES S

                                                define. … He holds no public office, does not manipulate any political or-
                                                ganization, nor does he arouse public emotion by any spectacular appeal.
                                                He does not possess great wealth nor profess great learning; he carries no
                                                votes in his vest pocket. But nevertheless his counsel is sought and
                                                heeded by men who do things and want things done.”
                                                   Those words, published in 1936, were an unlikely testimonial to a man

2 4 T E X AS C O - O P POW ER F EBRUARY 2023                                                         T E X ASC O O P POWER .C O M
Emmett Jay Scott worked behind
the scenes in academia, govern-
ment and industry to advance
African Americans’ rights.

born February 13, 1873, to formerly enslaved people and        support roles, Scott documented their combat heroism in
raised in the Freedmen’s Town section of Houston. Scott        his books Scott’s Official History of the American Negro in
attended Wiley College in Marshall from 1887 to 1890. (He      the World War and The True Story of the Harlem Hellfighters
dropped out to give other members of his family the same       in World War I.
educational opportunities he had.)                                Some 15 years after the war, Scott addressed Black veter-
   To help fund his education, he carried mail, chopped        ans, decrying the ingratitude of the nation for their sacrifices.
wood, fed hogs and kept books for the college’s president.        “I have always contended that a country worth fighting
Back home, he worked his way up from janitor to journalist     for is worth living for,” Scott was quoted as saying in the
at The Houston Post. In the 1890s, Scott co-founded and ed-    New Journal and Guide, an African American newspaper in
ited The Texas Freeman, one of the first Black newspapers       Virginia. “At the same time, I have always contended that a
west of the Mississippi.                                       man who is brave enough to carry a gun in defense of his
   The biography by Dailey, Emmett J. Scott: Power Broker of   country’s honor should be honored with all of the rights
the Tuskegee Machine, describing Scott as a Renaissance        and privileges of untrammeled citizenship.”
man, scholar and political fixer, is in the works at Texas         Noting the exodus of Black southerners that intensified
Tech University Press.                                         during World War I, Scott wrote Negro Migration During the
   Scott’s influence grew beyond Texas when he met Wash-        War. Nearly a half-million African Americans left the South
ington for the first time. Washington, the distinguished        during the Great War, and over the next half-century, par-
educator and foremost Black leader at the turn of the 20th     ticipants in the Great Migration swelled to 6 million.
century, presented the commencement address at what is            “They left as though they were fleeing some curse,” he
now Prairie View A&M University in 1897, and Scott was         wrote, describing the “solemn ceremonies” performed by
there. Washington recruited the Texan to assist with his       147 migrants from Mississippi as they prepared to cross the
work at the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama.                     Ohio River. “These migrants knelt down and prayed; the
   For the next 18 years—until Washington’s death in 1915—     men stopped their watches and, amid tears of joy, sang the
Scott served as his closest confidant, adviser, ghostwriter     familiar songs of deliverance.”
and unyielding champion.                                          Scott himself took his family north after the war. From
   Washington and Scott sought to produce a film based on       1919 to 1934, he served as secretary-treasurer and business
Washington’s autobiography. That project ended with            manager of Howard University in Washington, D.C.
Washington’s death, but Scott pursued another film proj-           During World War II, he was hired to oversee recruiting
ect—a counter to the racist stereotypes presented in D.W.      by the Sun Shipbuilding and Drydock Co. in Chester, Penn-
Griffith’s 1915 blockbuster epic The Birth of a Nation.          sylvania. According to one source, more than half of the
   Scott envisioned a film that would present “the true story   company’s 35,000 workers were Black. Sun was reportedly
of the Negro—his life in Africa, his enslavement, his free-    the world’s largest shipyard during the war.
dom, his achievements—together with his past, present             Sun’s shipyard No. 4 was staffed fully by African Ameri-
and future relations with his white neighbor. It will bring    cans. Scott emphasized the valuable role that vocational
close the future in which the races—all races—will see each    training could play in improving race relations. And he was
other as they are.”                                            quoted as saying that Black workers’ accomplishments in
   The project soon morphed into a three-hour epic rebut-      the shipyard would help to remove the “doubts and fears
tal, Birth of a Race. Sadly, the version that eventually was   regarding the capability of the Negro craftsman.”
made—a lone print of which survives in the Library of Con-        Scott advocated for education as one of the strongest tools
gress—bore no relation to Scott’s vision.                      for lifting his people out of poverty. He later returned to
   But Scott’s focus soon changed as the U.S. moved closer     Wiley College and earned a master’s degree, and all five of
to war. Woodrow Wilson was elected president, and Scott        his children achieved college degrees. He and his wife also
was named to the War Department in 1917. Among his             raised his five younger sisters, who also earned their degrees.
duties were improving the morale of Black troops and inves-       Elaine Brown, a granddaughter, inherited his passion for
tigating racial incidents and charges of unfair treatment.     racial justice, becoming chairwoman of the revolutionary
   Though the nearly 400,000 Black soldiers who went           Black Panther Party. D
overseas faced racism (the Marines banned Black people
from enlisting, for example) and many were relegated to

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A     D    V     E    R     T    I   S    E    M      E    N     T

 Clogged, Backed—up Septic System…Can anything Restore It?
  DEAR DARRYL: My                                                              DEAR CLOGGED AND SMELLY: As a reader of my column, I am
                   Dear
  home is about 10 years old,
  and so is my septic system.
  I have always taken pride
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                   Darryl
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  are always kidding each other about who keeps their home and yard            needed to liquefy solid waste and free the clogs causing your back-up.
  nicest. Lately, however, I have had a horrible smell in my yard, and also
  in one of my bathrooms, coming from the shower drain. My grass is            This fast-acting bacteria multiplies within minutes of application and is
  muddy and all the drains in my home are very slow.                           specifically designed to withstand many of today’s anti-bacterial cleaners,
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  My wife is on my back to make the bathroom stop smelling and as you          flush down your toilets. It’s so cool. Plus, they actually Guarantee that it
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  replacing) my septic system. But at the potential cost of thousands of       on any septic system regardless of design or age. From modern day
  dollars, I hate to explore that option.                                      systems to sand mounds, and systems installed generations ago, I have
                                                                               personally seen SeptiCleanse unclog and restore these systems in a matter
  I tried the store bought, so called, Septic treatments out there, and they   of weeks. I highly recommend that you try it before spending any money
  did Nothing to clear up my problem. Is there anything on the market I        on repairs.        SeptiCleanse products are available online at
  can pour or flush into my system that will restore it to normal, and keep    www.septicleanse.com or you can order or learn more by calling toll
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                                Clogged and Smelly – Lewisville, TX            costs $169. So, make sure you use that code when you call or buy online.

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                                                                                                      NORTH TEXAS AUDIENCE
                                                                                                           Circulation 590,500
                                                                                                         Readership 1,358,150

                                                                                   Contact Elaine Sproull at (512) 486-6251
                                                                                   or advertising@TexasCoopPower.com

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