Report on Mali testing - IISD
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
Report on Mali testing
September, 2005
1. Introduction
IUCN, IISD, SEI-B and Intercooperation have developed a tool to enable project planners
and managers to assess and enhance a project’s impact on community-level adaptive
capacity. Specifically, the tool has been structured to:
1) Set the climate context: Identify the impacts of current climate hazards and climate change in
the project area, particularly on local livelihoods
2) Set the livelihood context: Identify the resources needed to help people conduct their
livelihoods and cope with these impacts
3) Screen project activities: Assess how project activities affect the availability and access to
resources that are central to livelihoods and coping strategies
4) Manage climate risk: Adjust the project so that opportunities to enhance resource availability
/ access are strengthened, and activities that undermine activities/access are adjusted
In an effort to render this tool as useful as possible, the partner organizations decided to conduct a
series of field tests on planned or ongoing natural resource management projects in Africa, South
Asia, and Central America. The tests would involve project team members traveling to the
project sites to work with local project managers and community members in gathering relevant
information and applying the tool, developing recommendations on how to adjust project
activities so that they take into account their impact on local adaptive capacity.
The first field test took place in Mali, during 11-16 September, 2005. Anne Hammill
(IISD) traveled to Mali to work with IUCN’s National Programme Coordinator, Aliou
Faye, in testing the tool on a project entitled, “Project D'appui à la Gestion des
Ecosystemes Inondables dans Quatre Terroirs du Delta Interieur du Fleuve Niger
(PAGEIT) – Mali” (Support Project for the Management for Floodable Ecosystems in
Four Territories of the Inner Niger Delta). See Annex 1 for map, and Annex 2 for trip
agenda. They were also joined by Ourouzo Dakouo (Intercooperation), who wanted to
participate in the testing to see how it might be applied in other project sites.
2. Summary of Activities
2.1 Preparation: Prior to field testing, IUCN-IISD-SEI-IC Team members reviewed a
project document, which outlined the purpose, objectives and specific activities of the
PAGEIT project, as well as its social, environmental and policy context. Further
research into Mali’s climate change impacts, adaptation initiatives and policy
responses was also conducted.
Upon arrival in Mali, meetings with IUCN partners working on climate change issues
provided current information on anticipated impacts of climate change in Mali as well
as general insight into the research and policy context for the region.
2.2 Testing: Anne Hammill, Aliou Faye and Ourouzo Dakouo (Intercooperation)
reached the project site, Youwarou in the late afternoon on September 13, 2005.
They met with PAGEIT project staff to discuss the testing process, and decided to
divide it into two components: 1) Evening meeting with project staff and community
stakeholders to introduce the Livelihoods and Climate Change project, personnel and
institutions; explain the purpose of the visit and the tool; and provide a brief
introduction to climate change and its impacts on livelihoods; and 2) Morning
meeting with project staff and community stakeholders to test the tool.
The introductory evening session lasted about an hour and was attended by over a
dozen stakeholders (see Annex 2), many of whom shared their own observations of
changing climate conditions. The tool testing on the following morning was also
well-attended and involved a lot of participation and dialogue between community
members and project staff on climate and livelihood issues. The first two steps of the
tool (i.e. setting the climate context and setting the livelihood context) took the most
time, but the discussions were very informative and stakeholders seemed encouraged
that their own observations of environmental change were ‘legitimate’ (i.e. had a
scientific basis) and could be addressed through the PAGEIT project.
2.3 Wrap-Up: Following the community testing of the tool, the IUCN field office hosted
a lunch for all participants, after which Anne Hammill, Aliou Faye and Ourouzo
Dakouo departed Youwarou. Upon returning to Bamako, Anne Hammill and Aliou
Faye spent a day going through the results of the field test, entering
answers/responses into the MS Word version of the tool, and adjusting or adding
information as needed (at the discretion of Faye). Aliou Faye sent the final version of
the completed MS World tool document to Anne Hammill a few days later.
A narrative summary of the tool testing process was subsequently prepared by Aliou
Faye for presentation at the UNFCCC COP 11 in Montreal.
3. Results of Tool Testing:
Using the steps and process outlined in the MS
Word version of the tool, a summary of the
results of the participatory tool testing are
provided below.
Region: Africa
Country: Mali
Ecosystem: Inland wetland; rangeland; rivers
and streams
23.1 Climate Profile
What are the potential climate change impacts in the project area?
Mali is getting hotter and drier – increased temperatures, reduced rainfall, increased
drought, and decreased cereal production.
What are the current climate hazards that pose the most significant threats to the
project area, what are their impacts, and what strategies do people use to cope?
HAZARDS IMPACTS COPING STRATEGIES
1 Drought 1.1 Crop Damage / 1.1a Gathering of wild food
Loss 1.1b Food storage
1.1c Migration
1.1d Income diversification
1.1e Casual labour
1.2 Loss of trees 1.2a Tree/crop replanting
1.2b Crop shifting
1.3 Social tensions 1.3a Traditional dispute resolution systems
and conflict 1.3b Engagement of local authorities
1.3c Establishment of local rules
2 Reduced 2.1 Surface water 2.1a Local migration (closer to water)
Flooding scarcity 2.1b Income diversification
2.1c Casual labour (agriculture, sm business)
2.1d Improved channel maintenance
2.2 Reduced fish 2.2a Local migration to look for more fish
stocks 2.2b Income diversification (fish to livestock)
2.2c Casual labour
2.3 Income loss 2.3a Local migration
2.3b Asset liquidation (esp. livestock)
2.3c Increased lending (micro credit)
3 Extreme Heat 3.1 Sick or weak 3.1a Asset liquidation (sell weak animals)
livestock 3.1b Tree/crop replanting (shade animals)
33.2 Livelihood Profile
What resources to local people rely on, and
how are they related to climate impacts and
coping strategies?
*Highlighted resources are those that were
deemed most affected by climate change or most
important to coping strategies identified in the
climate context.
RESOURCE Resources Important for To what extent are How important are
TYPE Livelihoods resources affected resources to coping
by climate change? strategies identified
above?
Natural - freshwater fish (revenue) 4 4
Resources - livestock (revenue) 3 3
- fuelwood 5 2
Physical Capital - roads 3 4
- boats 2 4
- wells 2 2
- phone/fax 1 2
Financial - liquid assets (livestock) 3 3
Resources - access to markets 2 2
- access to micro credit 3 2
Socio-political - local government 3 4
Capital - traditional social networks 4 4
- socio-professional org 2 3
- NGOs 2 2
Human - literacy 0 3
Resources - fisheries training 1 4
- agricultural training 1 4
- livestock training 1 4
3.3 Project Activity Screening
PAGEIT activities being screened:
a) Rehabilitation of channels
b) Forest regeneration
c) Awareness raising on endangered
species
d) Reform of local resources management
rules
4What is the impact of these activities on those natural resources that were identified as
being strongly affected by climate change and/or important to coping strategies?
KEY NATURAL RESOURCE
Fish Fuel wood
Effect of activity? Effect of activity?
Rehabilitation of channels Positive Positive
Forest regeneration Positive (fish habitat) Positive (more supply)
Raise awareness Positive (ecosystem balance neutral
endangered species – habitat protection)
Reform local resources Positive (better maintained Positive (sustainable
management rules fish stocks) use/supply)
What is the impact of these activities on those physical capitals that were identified as
being strongly affected by climate change and/or important to coping strategies?
KEY PHYSICAL CAPITAL
Roads Boats
Effect of activity? Effect of activity?
Rehabilitation of channels Negative (channels cross/cut Positive (more water to
off roads) navigate)
Forest regeneration Neutral Positive (reduces impact of
storms)
Raise awareness Neutral Negative (too many hippos
endangered sp attack boats)
Reform local resources Neutral Positive (better managed)
management rules forests/bourgu protects boats
from storms)
What is the impact of these activities on those social capitals that were identified as
being strongly affected by climate change and/or important to coping strategies?
5KEY SOCIAL CAPITAL
Local government Traditional social networks
Effect of activity? Effect of activity?
Rehabilitation of channels Positive (reinforce local Positive
capacity and resources –
contrib. to econ dev’t)
Forest regeneration Positive (see above) Positive
Raise awareness Positive (reinforce local Positive
endangered sp capacity; endangered
species protection can lead
to ecotourism – econ dev’t)
Reform local resources Positive (reinforces local Positive
management rules capacity to manage and
develop rules)
What is the impact of these activities on those human resources that were identified as
being strongly affected by climate change and/or important to coping strategies?
KEY HUMAN RESOURCES
Fisheries training Agricultural training Livestock training
Effect of activity? Effect of activity? Effect of activity?
Rehabilitation of N/A Positive (bringing N/A
channels back lost skills in
rice production)
Forest regeneration N/A N/A N/A
Raise awareness Positive (protection Positive (reconcile Positive
endangered sp fish habitat) agriculture and (information shared
hippopotamus on which animals
protection) can be killed, which
should be
protected)
Reform local resources Positive (increase Positive (increase Positive (increase
management rules management management management
capacity) capacity) capacity of pasture;
carrying capacity)
63.4 Project Adjustments
Rehabilitation of channels: Build bridges, pedestrian pathways
Current activity: Les chenaux conduisant aux
mares sont désensablés et favorisent les
inondations des cuvettes
[sand is removed from channels that lead to
pools and allow for river basin to be flooded]
Revised activity: Les principaux chenaux
d’alimentation en eau des mares sont
désensablés pour favoriser les inondations et la
circulation des personnes et du bétail grâce à
l’aménagement de voies de passages tels que les
ponts
[sand is removed from the principal channels
that feed the pools in order to allow for basin
flooding, and the movement of people and
livestock across roads will be facilitated with
newly constructed bridges/pathways]
Forest regeneration: Expand forest regeneration activities
Current activity : Au moins 5 ha de forêts dégradées sont annuellement régénérés dans les
terroirs de Youwarou et de Dentaga
[at least 5 hectares of degraded forest are regenerated annually in Youwarou and
Dentaga]
Revised activity : L’appui à la régénération annuelle de 5 ha de forêts par les populations
renforce leurs capacités à améliorer l’équilibre écologique local, tout en permettant
l’augmentation de la production des ressources fourragères et surtout celle des poissons
qui s’y reproduisent
[supporting community regeneration of 5 ha of forests in such a way that it builds their
capacity to improve local ecosystems while also augmenting the production of foraging
resources and the reproductive areas for fish]
Awareness-raising on endangered species:
Current activity: Le niveau d’information des populations sur la protection /préservation
des espèces de faune (aquatiques, aviaires) s’est accru.
7[Communities learn about the need to protect aquatic fauna]
Revised activity: Les populations prennent conscience de la nécessité de protéger les des
espèces de faune aquatiques rares et déterminent les voies de passage des pirogues ainsi
que des cultures en dehors des zones d’habitat, en vue d’éviter les attaques des
hippopotames et des crocodiles.
[Communities learn about the need to protect aquatic fauna and determine boat
passageways that are outside of the animals’ habitat areas in order to prevent
hippopotamus and crocodile attacks]
Reform local resource management rules:
Current activity: Les acteurs locaux appliquent mieux la réglementation en matière de
gestion des ressources naturelles
Revised activity : Les acteurs locaux améliorent la gestion des ressources naturelles en
éditant des eux-mêmes des règles et des conventions locales consensuelles qu’ils
appliquent sans influence extérieure
4. LESSONS LEARNED
- The tool must be made available in multiple languages. The IUCN Mali office
was able to translate the MS Word version of the tool and distribute copies to
participants, which helped the testing process enormously.
- The first two steps – setting the climate and livelihood contexts – take the most
time, especially if the user (i.e. the project manager) does not have the necessary
information. The last two steps are relatively easy and straightforward once the user
understands the links between climate and livelihoods.
- Participatory testing process is time-consuming, but very informative –
especially for the project managers who may
think they already know all of the information
needed to use the tool!
- Participatory process for testing or
applying the tool is an effective climate
change awareness-raising strategy. In Mali,
participants were interested to learn about the
scientific explanation behind climate change,
as it corroborated their own personal
observations of change
8- Many project managers / staff lack basic understanding on climate change. Yet
the effective application of this tool requires a basic understanding of climate change
and its impacts. The tool must therefore be accompanied by teaching materials and
resources on climate change. In the Mali test, the involvement of the National
Programme Coordinator, who is very knowledgeable about climate change, facilitated
the process. If the testing had been left to PAGEIT project staff, the testing process
would have been more challenging.
- The tool provides a useful framework for explaining the links between climate
change, livelihoods and a project. Although the testing process took about 5 hours,
the structure of the tool allowed for a logical progression of the discussion, where
participants were able to identify and understand the links clearly.
- The tool should call for prioritization of responses. In the interest of time and
efficiency, users should be asked to list the top 3 hazards, impacts, coping strategies,
livelihoods resources etc. Users are welcome to list all the information that come to
mind (for the purpose of documenting and archiving information), but the tool
application process should only address priorities.
- The final step – i.e. on project adjustments – is still unstructured, and indicators
may only be a starting point for identifying or developing real adjustments.
9ANNEX 1: MAP OF YOUWAROU DEPARTMENT (SUB-REGION)
10ANNEX 2: TOOL TESTING TRIP AGENDA (SEPTEMBER 11 – 16, 2005)
Date Activity
September 11, 2005 ¾ Arrival in Bamako, Mali
¾ Meeting with Aliou Faye (IUCN)
September 12, 2005 ¾ Preparations for trip to field site
¾ Meeting with Acting Head of Intercooperation, Mali
¾ Meeting with National Climate Change Coordinator
¾ Travel to Mopti (3/4 of distance to field site)
September 13, 2005 ¾ Meeting with AGHYRMET project coordinator in Mopti
¾ Travel to Youwarou (field site)
¾ Project briefing with PAGEIT project team, technical
departments and community representatives at field site
September 14, 2005 ¾ Community consultation to test Livelihoods and Climate
Change Tool
¾ Return to Mopti
September 15, 2005 ¾ Meeting with Wetlands International, Mali
¾ Return to Bamako
September 16, 2005 ¾ Wrap-up of tool testing in Bamako
11ANNEX 2: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR INTRODUCTORY EVENING SESSION
REUNION DE BRIEFING AVEC L’EQUIPE DU PROJET, LES PARTENAIRES
TECHNIQUES ET LES REPRESENTANTS DES POPULATIONS
BENEFICIAIRES
Youwarou, le 13 septembre 2005
----------------------
Liste des participants
Name Occupation Institution
1. Adbrahamane GOITA Coordonnateur Projet PAGEIT
2. Marie Christine Animatrice Projet PAGEIT
TRAORE
3. Hassane KAYA Animateur Projet PAGEIT
4. Siaka TRAORE Gestionnaire Projet PAGEIT
5. Soumaila NIANGALY Chef de Secteur Service Elevage
6. Moussa GUINDO Chef de Secteur Service Agriculture
7. Abdoulaye DEMBELE Secrétaire administratif Comité Local de Gestion
des Ressources Naturelles
8. Amadoun BOCOUM Président Comité Local de Gestion
des Ressources Naturelles
9. Alhassane SARRO Chef de Secteur Service de la Pêche
10. Ourouzo DAKOUO Encadreur Intercoopération Sahel
11. Daouda DIARRA Chef de Secteur Service de la Conservation
de la Nature
12. Anne HAMMILL IISD
13. Aliou FAYE Représentant UICN au Mali UICN
14. Felix TOGO Chef Secteur sortant Service Agriculture
12ANNEX 3: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS FOR TOOL TESTING MEETING
TESTING LIVELIHOODS AND CLIMATE CHANGE TOOL
Youwarou, le 14 septembre 2005
----------------------
Liste des participants
Name Occupation Institution
1. Adbrahamane GOITA Coordonnateur Projet PAGEIT
2. Marie Christine Animatrice Projet PAGEIT
TRAORE
3. Hassane KAYA Animateur Projet PAGEIT
4. Siaka TRAORE Gestionnaire Projet PAGEIT
5. Soumaila NIANGALY Chef de Secteur Service Elevage
6. Moussa GUINDO Chef de Secteur Service Agriculture
7. Abdoulaye DEMBELE Secrétaire administratif Comité Local de Gestion
des Ressources Naturelles
(CLG)
8. Amadoun BOCOUM Président CLG
9. Alhassane SARRO Chef de Secteur Service de la Pêche
10. Ourouzo DAKOUO Encadreur Intercoopération Sahel
11. Daouda DIARRA Chef de Secteur Service de la Conservation
de la Nature
12. Anne HAMMILL IIDD
13. Aliou FAYE Représentant UICN au Mali UICN
14. Amadou DAOU Chef de Secteur Opération Pêche
15. Mahamane TRAORE Conseiller Communal Commune de Youwarou
16. Nouhoury Tié TIAO Notable Youwarou
17. Abdourahamane Programme Officer Coopération Suisse
MAIGA
18. Yaya BOCOUM Président Chambre Youwarou
13d’Agriculture
19. Sory A. TIAO Chef de Village et Vice- Youwarou
Président du CLG
20. Aliou FAYE Représentant UICN Mali UICN
21. Anne HAMMILL IIDD
14You can also read
