Germplasm exploitation for citrus - Enea
←
→
Page content transcription
If your browser does not render page correctly, please read the page content below
CREA - Council for Agricultural Research and Economics
Marco Caruso
Germplasm exploitation for citrus
genetic improvement
Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree Fruit, Acireale, ITALY
CREA-ENEA-Israel Workshop, Rome 7-8 March 2019
marco.caruso@crea.gov.it
Citrus breeding at CREA: cultivar release Started in the 1940’s. At least three generations of breeders involved. Many varieties released to the growers Pigmented oranges Mandarins (clementine selections, diploid and triploid hybrids) Lemons Rootstocks Sanitation and evaluation of local and foreign selections
The CREA citrus germplasm
Citrus (625) Citrus relatives (47)
Poncirus &
hybrid (33) Kumquat (5) Microcitrus (4) Citropsis (2) Eremocitrus Severinia (1) Murraya (1)
(1)
Sweet orange Mandarin Clementine Sour orange Grapefruit Lime/limetta (16) Tangelo Pummelo (8) Citron (6) Lemon (103) Other
(265) (66) (38) (28) (27) (10) citrus (43)
Satsuma Tangor (4) Bergamot (3) Chinotto (2) Calamondin (2) Lemon (94) Lemon-like
(4) (9)
Blood Other sweet oranges (109)
(156)
Tarocco (108) Sanguigno, Moro (15) Navel (50) Ovale (8) Other common (15)
Vaniglia (5) Valencia (11)
sanguinello (35)
From germplasm conservation to its utilization
Sicily has been a centre for clonal diversification for blood oranges and lemons due
to the long history of cultivation
Despite a wide range of differences in horticultural traits, all (in case of sweet
orange) or almost all (in case of lemon) variability was determined by somatic
mutations
The blood orange The lemon
germplasm germplasm
evaluation of fruit quality and
year-to-year stability of pulp Looking for mal secco tolerance
pigmentation or resistance
Whole genome resequencing for Generation of segregating
clonal fingerprinting and populations for mal secco
identification of causative suceptibility (resistant species ×
mutations for pomological traits susceptible lemons)
Clonal selections, and their interaction with the environment Blood orange germplasm consist of several clones differing for ripening period, and internal and external coloration, however: Pigmentation is cold dependent Exposure, blooming period, position of the fruits in the canopy, cultural practices and rootstock represent additional variability elements The exhaustive phenotypic characterization is hampered by such influence of external factors
Environment influences fruit color
VS
Sun red mandarin, Florida, 12 dec 2018 Sun red mandarin, Sicily, 20 nov 2018
Color is influenced by the rootstock
Mandared gratfed onto
different rootstocks
Furr
Swingle
Carpenter
Bitters (C22)
F6P12 C. macrophylla
Blood orange germplasm at CREA
Stef. Fontanazza Vaccaro
We estabilished a germplasm
collection that allows a comparison
among several blood orange clones
(same age, same rootstock, same
block, same cultural practices).
~110 different clones (nucellar lines Variegato
under evaluation and gamma-ray
irradiated plants are excluded)
Block 2b (germplasm):
> 90 genotypes Guzzardi
Most grafted in 2010 on Swingle Sanguinello Sanguinello da
citrumelo planted in 2006. New comune Spina II
clones added yearly
Tarocco a buccia gialla
Consisting of old lines, sometimes
chimeras are evident; some
nucellar selections are also
present.
Blood orange germplasm at CREA Block7 : 20 genotypes Tarocco varieties (planted in 2003, grafted on Carrizo citrange) Virus free material obtained by micro-grafting and nucellar selection Tarocco Rosso Tarocco Sciara Tarocco TDV Tarocco Meli
The diversity of the CREA germplasm (2015-2016)
Caruso et al 2016, Sci Hortic
Mean Standard deviation Standard error Range min Range max
Fruit weight (g) 189.24 31.01 3.27 109.61 271.99
equatorial diameter (mm) 7.21 0.41 0.04 6.10 8.42
polar diameter (mm) 7.29 0.58 0.06 6.18 8.60
seed no. 1.07 1.32 0.14 0 5
juice (%) 47.78 5.89 0.62 30.05 68.29
TSS (° Brix) 11.54 0.84 0.09 9.50 13.83
pH 3.41 0.28 0.03 3.10 5.76
Acidity (%) 1.19 0.21 0.02 0.10 1.67
Anthocyanin (mg l-1) 20.04 19.64 2.07 0.00 75.62
L* peel 60.43 4.54 0.48 45.60 71.20
a* peel 35.35 3.68 0.39 21.77 39.79
b* peel 57.84 6.37 0.67 35.12 71.57
Peel colour index 10.68 2.99 0.32 4.27 22.90
L* pulp 37.50 5.92 0.62 25.03 58.37
a* pulp 15.62 3.33 0.35 7.46 22.88
b* pulp 31.27 8.02 0.85 9.99 49.93
Pulp colour index 18.58 13.84 1.46 3.39 84.98
width of the central axis (mm) 9.64 1.85 0.20 2.87 14.15
peel thickness (mm) 4.89 0.71 0.07 2.93 7.06Average cumulative content of anthocyanin (block 2b)
The climatic differences
likely affected anthocyanin
accumulation, but not in
the same way for all
varieties
24/02/2015 29/02/2016
160
140
Total anthocyanin (mg l -1)
2015
120
100
2016
80
60
40
20
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87
Sanguigno &
Moro Sanguinello TaroccoAir temperatures in the two seasons
25
Tmax Tmed Tmin Tmax-Tmin
2014-15
2015-16
2014-2015
15
150
°C 5
100
hours n.
-5
25
Tmax Tmed Tmin Tmax – Tmin
50
2015-2016
15
°C
5
0 61-75
336-350 351-365 1-15 16-30 31-45 46-60
-5
335 350 365 15 30 45 60 75
DOY
DOY
Average daily minimum, mean and Number of hours below 4 °C (15-days
maximum air temperatures and clines interval) between December 1st and
between December 1st and March 15th. March 15th.Year-to-year stability of the major traits (germplasm) ND: not determined due to lack of replications; n.s.: not significant; statistically significant (one-way ANOVA) with the following p-values: *
Requencing of sweet orange genotypes
1. Shamouti
2. Ovale Nuc.
3. Valencia Campbell S2G 18 19 Nuc.
4. Navel Lanelate Nuc.C 2611
5. Navel Cara Cara Lindcove
6. Navel Cara Cara
7. Vaniglia Sanguigno
8. Vaniglia Biondo
9. Tarocco Ferreri acidless
10. Tarocco Dal muso
11. Tarocco Lempso C Nuc.
12. Tarocco TDV
13. Tarocco Ippolito VCR
14. Tarocco Meli C 8158 Nuc.
15. Tarocco Gallo 898
16. Tarocco Scirè D2062
17. Moro non pigmentato Nuc.
18. Moro Nuc. 58 8D 1 Russo
19. Moro VCR
20. Doppio Sanguigno
21. Sanguinello Comune
22. Sanguinello Moscato R IPCR
HRM
Mobile elements
Sanger & KASP
Indels (1-18bp)
SNPsGenotyping of the germplasm collection
Resequenced samples Two old blood orange varieties
Tarocco clustered with the common
oranges
Sanguigno Vaccaro
Tunnuliddu
Sanguigno/
Sanguinello
Valencia
Moro
Vaniglia
Sanguigno tunnuliddu
Navel
Vaccaro
CommonClonal fingerprinting (190 samples)
Commercial
orchards #15
Sassari
Basilicata
Nurseries #3
Sardinia
Sicily
Experimental
orchard #1SNPs_KASP SVs_PCR
Variety Origin
SNP_1 SNP_2 SNP_3 SV_1
Experimental orchard X X X X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Clonal Commercial orchard X X X X
fingerprinting Commercial orchard
Commercial orchard
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Tarocco Meli
Commercial orchard X X X X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Commercial orchard X X X X
Experimental orchard X X / X
Commercial orchard X X / X
Nursery X X / X
Tarocco TDV Commercial orchard X X / X
Commercial orchard X X / X
Commercial orchard X X / X
Commercial orchard X X / XThe lemon germplasm, and the impact of mal secco disease Mal secco was first reported in 1918 in Santa Teresa Riva (Messina, Sicily) Vascular disease caused by the fungus Plenodomus tracheiphilus Specific symptoms: pink-salmon to reddish discoloration of the wood, desiccation. Direct damages: heavy yield losses and death of susceptible cultivars Quarantine pathogen (EPPO list A2)
Phenotyping for mal secco symptoms 25 lemon clonal selections planted in 2002, three replicates The field trial also included lemon and citron hybrids, autotetraploid lemons and other citrus species as reference. A few very susceptible clones died within 3 to 5 years after planting, and some others declined slowly without a significant ability to recover from the disease. Phenotyping for mal secco symptoms started in 2018 on the remaining clones showing variable degrees of tolerance. Three times per year A molecular screening was also performed to detect possible sources of P. tracheiphilus in leaves and branches
Phenotyping for mal secco symptoms
Sample Symptoms PCR
Limone Mascali senza semi (LI) 2 +
lim. Erice su citrumelo (L.E.) 4 +++
lim. Akragas (LAK) 0 +++
lim. Selinunte 0 ++
lim. Zagara Bianca M 79 1 ++
Lim. Segesta 1 +++
Lim. Continella M84 1 ++
LEMONS
Lim. Fem. S 2 ++
Lim. Fem. Dosaco M 503 2 ++
Lim. Kamarina 0 +++
Lim. Cerza 2 +++
lim. Fem Scandurra 2 +
Lim. Interdonato 0 ++
Lim. Ovale 2 +
Lim. Quattrocchi 0 +
Limone Cardinale 0 +
lim. Doppio 0 ++
Doppio lentini (D) 0 -
lim. Lo Porto 0 ++
lim. Adamo variegato 0 -
Berg. Fantastico 0 +
Berg. Castagnaro 0 -
citron hybrids Berg. Femminello (incerto) 0 +
Lemon and
Pera del commentatore (PC) 0 +
Cedro Vozza Vozza( CVV) 1 +
Volkameriana clone catania (VO) 0 -
Lim. Cedrato Spatafora 0 +
Lima di Palestina 0 -
Ibrido 46515 3 ++
Limone Incomparabile 0 -
C. limonia (India) CRC 2476 0 ++
lima rossa corrugata 0 +
C. volkameriana clone Palermo 1
lim. India CRC 2322 0 +
Latipes (LA) 0 -
Others
0=no symptoms
Arancio Amaro (AA) 0 -
1=mild symptoms in one date Siamelo 1 CRC 2586 (SI) 0 +
2=mild symptoms in more dates Clementine ISA 0 -
C. tachibana 0 -
3=strong symptoms in one date
4=strong symptoms in more datesThanks for
your
attention!
Personnel
Giuseppe Russo
Concetta Licciardello
Paola Caruso
Silvia Di Silvestro
Riccardo RussoYou can also read
