The Senior Lawyers Issue - The WINGS Program Using Illustration for Clarity Fairfax Family Lawyer Deborah A. Wilson - Virginia State Bar
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Fairfax Family Lawyer Deborah A. Wilson with her son Joshua Wilson of NovaLegalGroup, P.C. The Senior Lawyers Issue The WINGS Program Using Illustration for Clarity also Law School Digest and Leadership Opportunities
Virginia Lawyer February 2020 The Official Publication of the Virginia State Bar Volume 68/Number 5 Features Access to Legal Services 38 Jim Sandman GENERAL INTEREST Announces Retirement as President of LSC 24 Deborah Wilson: “I Still Love Practicing Law” by Deirdre Norman 26 Writing Wills for Super Collectors Noteworthy by Jeffrey B. Sodoma VSB NEWS Post TCJA Tax Concerns and Implications in 30 39 Judge and Lawyer Well-being Personal Injury Cases Program Launches New Website by Arthur Weiss 40 Supreme Court of Virginia Opens 32 In Celebration of William T. Mason Jr.’s 93rd Birthday Judicial Learning Center and 68 Years of Service to the Virginia State Bar 40 Understanding the Changes to by Jamilah D. LeCruise Corporate Counsel Registration On the Way to Solving the Foster Care Crisis in 34 41 Get on the Ballot for Bar Virginia Council Elections by Cassie Baudeán Cunningham 42 In Memoriam 43 Edward L. Chambers Jr. 43 Frank Opie Meade SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE Columns Opening Doors to Legal Services: SLC Updates the Senior Citizens 15 Handbook, Encourages Senior Citizens Law Day Programs 8 President’s Message by John D. Eure 10 Executive Director’s Message An Appreciation of James Madison, 16 12 Ethics Counsel’s Message A Virginia President 13 MCLE Board by Frank Overton Brown Jr. 45 Law Libraries 18 Using Simple Illustrations for Clarity 46 Technology and the Future Practice by Linda L. McCausland of Law Virginia WINGS: The Supreme Court of Virginia and Community 20 47 Risk Management Stakeholders Work to Improve Adult Guardianship 62 The Last Word by Erica F. Wood Departments 6 Forum VIRGINIA LAWYER REGISTER 44 Conference of Local and Specialty 52 Disciplinary Summaries 54 U.S. Court of Appeals for the Bar Associations 53 Disciplinary Proceedings Fourth Circuit Amends Four Rules 50 CLE Calendar 54 Ethics Committee Seeks Comments 54 Calling All Active and In-good- 56 Professional Notices on Proposed LEO and Rule Changes standing Lawyers 59 Law School Digest 54 Supreme Court of Virginia Amends 54 Nominate a Deserving Lawyer for 61 Classified Ads Rules of Court an Award 61 Advertiser’s Index Cover: Fairfax Family Lawyer Deborah A. Wilson with her son Joshua Wilson of NovaLegalGroup, P.C. Photo by Deirdre Norman
Virginia Lawyer Virginia State Bar The Official Publication of the Virginia State Bar 2019–20 OFFICERS 16th Circuit Marni E. Byrum, President R. Lee Livingston, Charlottesville www.vsb.org Brian L. Buniva, President-elect Palma E. Pustilnik, Charlottesville Leonard C. Heath Jr., Immediate Past President Editor: Karen A. Gould, Executive Director and Chief 17th Circuit Deirdre Norman Operating Officer Adam D. Elfenbein, Arlington (dnorman@vsb.org) Jennifer S. Golden, Arlington EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Gregory T. Hunter, Arlington Marni E. Byrum, President Joshua D. Katcher, Arlington Creative Director: Brian L. Buniva, President-elect William H. Miller, Arlington Caryn B. Persinger Leonard C. Heath Jr., Immediate Past President (persinger@vsb.org) Maryse C. Allen, Prince William 18th Circuit Ann B. Brogan, Norfolk Barbara S. Anderson, Alexandria Assistant Editor: Eugene M. Elliott, Roanoke Stacey Rose Harris, Alexandria Jackie Kruszewski Eva N. Juncker, Falls Church John K. Zwerling, Alexandria (jkruszewski@vsb.org) Jay B. Myerson, Reston William T. Wilson, Covington 19th Circuit Advertising: LLM Publications Brian C. Drummond, Fairfax CONFERENCE CHAIRS AND PRESIDENT David J. Gogal, Fairfax Ben Oerther Conference of Local and Specialty Bar Richard A. Gray, Fairfax (beno@llmpubs.com) Associations – Lewis A. Martin III Chidi I. James, Fairfax Diversity Conference – Chidi I. James Douglas R. Kay, Tysons Corner Senior Lawyers Conference – John D. Eure Daniel B. Krisky, Fairfax VIRGINIA LAWYER (USPS 660-120, ISSN 0899-9473) Young Lawyers Conference – Farnaz F. Thompson David L. Marks, Fairfax is published six times a year by the Virginia State Bar, COUNCIL Gary H. Moliken, Fairfax 1111 East Main Street, Suite 700, Richmond, Virginia Jay B. Myerson, Reston 1st Circuit Nathan J. Olson, Fairfax 23219-0026; Telephone: (804) 775-0500. Subscription Damian J. (D.J.) Hansen, Chesapeake Dennis J. Quinn, Tysons Rates: $18.00 per year for non-members. This material Wayne G. Travell, Tysons 2nd Circuit is presented with the understanding that the publisher Ryan G. Ferguson, Virginia Beach Edward L. Weiner, Fairfax and the authors do not render any legal, accounting, Steven G. Owen, Virginia Beach Michael M. York, Reston or other professional service. It is intended for use by Jeffrey B. Sodoma, Virginia Beach 20th Circuit attorneys licensed to practice law in Virginia. Because of 3rd Circuit R. Penn Bain, Leesburg Meredith B. Travers, Portsmouth Susan F. Pierce, Warrenton the rapidly changing nature of the law, information contained in this publication may become outdated. As 4th Circuit 21st Circuit a result, an attorney using this material must always Ann B. Brogan, Norfolk G. Andy Hall, Martinsville Gary A. Bryant, Norfolk research original sources of authority and update 22nd Circuit Neil S. Lowenstein, Norfolk information to ensure accuracy when dealing with Eric H. Ferguson, Rocky Mount 5th Circuit a specific client’s legal matters. In no event will the 23rd Circuit Thomas G. Shaia, Suffolk authors, the reviewers, or the publisher be liable for Eugene M. Elliott Jr., Roanoke 6th Circuit K. Brett Marston, Roanoke any direct, indirect, or consequential damages resulting J. Daniel Vinson, Emporia from the use of this material. The views expressed herein 24th Circuit 7th Circuit Eugene N. Butler, Lynchburg are not necessarily those of the Virginia State Bar. The Benjamin M. Mason, Newport News inclusion of an advertisement herein does not include 25th Circuit 8th Circuit William T. Wilson, Covington an endorsement by the Virginia State Bar of the goods Marqueta N. Tyson, Hampton or services of the advertiser, unless explicitly stated 26th Circuit otherwise. Periodical postage paid at Richmond, 9th Circuit Nancy M. Reed, Luray W. Hunter Old, Williamsburg Virginia, and other offices. 27th Circuit 10th Circuit R. Cord Hall, Christiansburg Charles H. Crowder III, South Hill 28th Circuit POSTMASTER: 11th Circuit William M. Moffet, Abingdon Dale W. Pittman, Petersburg Send address changes to 29th Circuit VIRGINIA LAWYER 12th Circuit D. Greg Baker, Clintwood P. George Eliades II, Chester MEMBERSHIP DEPARTMENT 30th Circuit 1111 E MAIN ST STE 700 13th Circuit Greg D. Edwards, Jonesville Dabney J. Carr IV, Richmond RICHMOND VA 23219-0026 Leah A. Darron, Richmond 31st Circuit Eric M. Page, Richmond Maryse C. Allen, Prince William Cullen D. Seltzer, Richmond Sushella Varky, Richmond MEMBERS AT LARGE J. Tracy Walker IV, Richmond Denise W. Bland, Eastville Henry I. Willett III, Richmond Afshin Farashahi, Virginia Beach Atiqua Hashem, Richmond 14th Circuit Eva N. Juncker, Falls Church Craig B. Davis, Richmond B. Alan McGraw, Tazewell Virginia State Bar Staff Directory Stephanie E. Grana, Henrico Lenard T. Myers Jr., Norfolk Marissa D. Mitchell, Henrico Frequently requested bar contact Lonnie D. Nunley III, Richmond 15th Circuit Patricia E. Smith, Abingdon information is available online at Jennifer L. Parrish, Fredericksburg A. Benjamin Spencer, Charlottesville www.vsb.org/site/about/bar-staff. 4 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 www.vsb.org
Forum Condolences I read, with sadness, of the passing of Roy B. Thorpe Jr. I met Roy when he was the Falls Church City Attorney, and Letters we were on opposing sides of a juvenile Send your letter to the editor to: case which ultimately made its way to norman@vsb.org or the Court of Appeals. Roy was a capable Virginia State Bar adversary, but he was also accessible, Virginia Lawyer Magazine respectful, courteous and gentlemanly. 1111 E Main St., Suite 700 My deepest condolences go out to Richmond, VA 23219-0026 Karen, Jennifer, Laura and George. You were as lucky to have had Roy as he was Letters published in Virginia Lawyer to have had you. may be edited for length and clarity The highest praise I can give to any and are subject to guidelines colleague in the profession applies to available at www.vsb.org/site/ Roy Thorpe: He was the kind of fellow publications/valawyer/. who gives lawyers a good name. Mark D. Seidelson Manassas Jest Is For All by Arnie Glick A WORLD OF DIFFERENCE Fastcase Legal Research Second Annual Virginia Law Student Wellness Summit April 1, 2020 start your journey University of Richmond LEARN MORE AT www.fastcase.com For More Information Contact Summit Organizers: Margaret Hannapel Ogden, Wellness Coordinator (mogden@vacourts.gov) Tracy Winn Banks, Virginia Law Foundation, (tbanks@vacle.org) 6 VIRGINIA LAWYER | December 2019 | Vol. 68 www.vsb.org
President’s Message by Marni E. Byrum Edward Chambers: A Lawyer’s Life Lived Well Each time I sit down to write terms on the Judicial Candidate the Task Force on Payee Notification. a column, I begin with a blank page Evaluation Committee. He was a The special committee and task forces — in much the same way that each of member of the Professionalism, resulted in significant rule changes for us begins our legal career with a blank Budget and Finance, and Lawyer our profession. slate. The practice of law is all about Referral Committees. He was on the Ed also served the public and the choices — how to use our time and our faculty of the Professionalism Course. legal community as a Commissioner talents. The choices we make define He served on the Clients’ Protection in Chancery, a special justice and a who we are — not only professionally, Fund Board, and as a member and substitute judge for the 9th Judicial but personally. chair of the Sixth Disciplinary District Circuit. During this year, I have written Committee. In addition, no matter Beyond his work with the Bar, my columns about opportunities for en- how difficult a task, when asked to Ed spent many hours in community gagement with the Virginia State Bar, as take on yet another — even especially activities, serving on the boards of well as ways to help address the justice challenging — task, he always said the March of Dimes, the Yorktown- gap, and to give back to our communi- yes — and then did a fantastic job. Ed Bicentennial Committee, Friends of ties. In doing so, I have recognized the spent five years working on the Special Yorktown Victory Center, and the work of sections, committees, confer- Committee on Virginia Model Rules Yorktown Arts Foundation. ences, and local bar associations. With of Professional Conduct that led to Somehow, some way, and I say this column, however, I want to focus enviably, Ed was able to find a balance on an individual. in his life that allowed him to per- In December, we lost one of the sonify the citizen lawyer. He served quiet, unsung stalwarts of our profes- our profession and the citizenry of sion and the Virginia State Bar: Edward our Commonwealth with integrity, Somehow, some way, and compassion and dedication. As much Chambers. He was involved in a multi- tude of activities covering a broad range as we appreciate Ed’s service, we also I say enviably, Ed was able appreciate his family’s willingness to of interests. As became apparent at his memorial service, groups of his friends to find a balance in his life share him and his talents with us. from different walks of life were each Throughout my term, I have noted unaware of the divergent contributions that allowed him to that we must all belong to the VSB, yet he had made to his profession and to no one is required to engage, partici- his community. personify the citizen lawyer. pate or step up to lead. When someone You’ve Got Mail! Although he did none of this does, we should not miss an opportu- Or you might, if your email address is up to date for praise, I think it is important to nity to say thank you. with the Virginia State Bar. recognize his lifelong commitment to Thank you, Ed, for serving the service. Bar, and the public life. Please make sure you are getting our monthly VSB Ed became a Virginia lawyer in Thank you for exemplifying the News and annual compliance messages by add- 1974. Practicing law on the peninsu- Virginia’s transition from the Code very best in our profession. ing vsbnews@vsb.org, membership@vsb.org, and la for more than 40 years, he was a of Professional Responsibility to the Thank you for making a difference. MCLE@vsb.org to your email contacts. member of the York-Poquoson Bar Rules of Professional Conduct. He also Association and served as president spent five years on the Task Force on INCLUSION And as always: Keep all of your information current from 1988 to 1989. In 1989, he began Public Protection that looked in depth Z Confidential help for substance abuse problems and by logging on at www.vsb.org. what would be a 30-year commitment at the fundamental issues arising from DIVERSITY mental health issues. to volunteer work with the VSB. Ed the Bar’s focus on protecting the pub- Z For more information, visit https://vjlap.org NEW: You can opt out of receiving Virginia Lawyer served two different terms on Bar lic. One of the issues that came from ENGAGEMENT or call our toll free number 24/7: 1-877-545-4682 by mail if you prefer to read it online. Council and also served two separate this analysis led him to two years on Lawyers Helping Lawyers is now Virginia Judges and Lawyers Assistance Program 8 VIRGINIA LAWYER | December 2019 | Vol. 68 www.vsb.org
WORLD Executive Director’s Message by Karen A. Gould A Sex and the Practice of Law OF The VSB Standing Committee on Legal Ethics has proposed amend- ments to Rule of Professional Conduct 1.8 (http://bit.ly/rule1_8), which con- cerns conflicts of interest, to add a new presents a significant danger that, because of the lawyer’s emotional involvement, the lawyer will be unable to represent the client without impair- ment of the exercise of independent [19] When the client is an organi- zation, paragraph (k) of this Rule prohibits a lawyer for the organization (whether inside counsel or outside counsel) from having a sexual relation- DIFFERENCE paragraph to establish a bright-line professional judgment. Moreover, a ship with a constituent of the organiza- blurred line between the professional tion who supervises, directs or regular- Fastcase rule prohibiting sexual relations with Law Street Media Legal Research Legal News a current client unless the relationship and personal relationships may make ly consults with that lawyer concerning predated the lawyer-client relation- it difficult to predict to what extent the organization’s legal matters. ship. The proposed amendments also client confidences will be protected The issue of sexual relations with add three new comments, [17]-[19], by the attorney-client evidentiary a client is currently addressed in Legal explaining the purposes and scope of privilege, since client confidences are Ethics Opinion 1853 (http://bit.ly/ AI Sandbox the prohibition, as well as the fact that protected by privilege only when they LEO1853), which follows much of Legal Data Analysis it is not imputed to other lawyers in a are imparted in the context of the the same reasoning as the proposed firm. The purpose of engaging in this client-lawyer relationship. Because comments to Rule 1.8 and concludes discussion is not to discuss whether it’s of the significant danger of harm to that sexual relations with a client ok to have sex with a client (clearly, it’s client interests and because the client’s will be prohibited in many cases. The not, under most circumstances), but to own emotional involvement renders proposed amendments establish a discuss how you can be relevant to the it unlikely that the client could give bright-line rule to that effect, based on discussion. adequate informed consent, this Rule the same concerns about conflict of The text of the proposed amend- prohibits the lawyer from having interest and overreaching. ments is underlined here: sexual relations with a client regardless The ethical rules have never Full Cour t Press Expert Treatises RULE 1.8 Conflict of Interest: of whether the relationship is consen- permitted lawyers to have to sex with Prohibited Transactions sual and regardless of the absence of one’s client for the reasons set forth in … prejudice to the client. Legal Ethics Opinion 1853, adopted in Docket Alarm Pleadings + Analytics (k) A lawyer shall not have sexual rela- Like a conflict arising under paragraph 2009. Long before LEO 1853, the VSB tions with a client unless a consensual (i) of this Rule, this conflict is personal Discipline Department prosecuted sexual relationship existed between to the lawyer and is not imputed to individuals who had sex with clients them when the client-lawyer relation- other lawyers in the firm with which under certain circumstances. ship commenced. … the lawyer is associated. [18] Sexual relationships that predate This proposed amendment would bring the rule in line with the ABA NextChapter Bankruptcy Petitions + Filing start your journey Client-Lawyer Sexual Relationships the client-lawyer relationship are not Model Rules and the rules of at least Fastcase is one of the planet’s most [17] The relationship between law- prohibited. Issues relating to the ex- 43 other jurisdictions that address this innovative legal research services, yer and client is a fiduciary one in ploitation of the fiduciary relationship issue through a rule and/or comment and it’s available free to members of which the lawyer occupies the highest and client dependency are diminished rather than just an advisory ethics the Virginia State Bar. position of trust and confidence. The when the sexual relationship existed opinion. Violation of an ethics rule prior to the commencement of the may result in the prosecution and LEARN MORE AT relationship is almost always unequal; thus, a sexual relationship between client-lawyer relationship. However, conviction of a lawyer for the charged www.vsb.org/site/main/member-portal lawyer and client can involve unfair before proceeding with the representa- offense. DOWNLOAD TODAY exploitation of the lawyer’s fiduciary tion in these circumstances, the lawyer At the beginning of each month, role, in violation of the lawyer’s basic should consider whether the lawyer’s the VSB Communications Department ethical obligation not to use the trust ability to represent the client will be sends out an email containing news of the client to the client’s disadvan- materially limited by the relationship. tage. In addition, such a relationship See Rule 1.7(a)(2). Ethics continued on page 36 10 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 www.vsb.org
Ethics Counsel Mandatory Continuing Legal Education by James M. McCauley The Receipt of Privileged Documents MCLE Board Launches Study of Through Inadvertent Disclosure and Policies and Procedures New Virginia Rule 4.4(b) by Justice Stephen R. McCullough and Christine Lockhart Poarch Lawyers are often placed in an document or information was 280 Va. 113 (2010) (using a five-fac- Like all Virginia State Bar boards consider and decide MCLE waiver and attorney wellness, a stated objective ethical dilemma by having received inadvertently sent if the sender tor test for courts to apply in order to and committees, the Mandatory extension requests. of the Supreme Court of Virginia through accident or inadvertence a promptly notifies the receiving determine whether the attorney-client Continuing Legal Education (MCLE) Beginning in March, the MCLE subsequent to its report “A Profession privileged document which the lawyer lawyer of the mistake. privilege was waived by an inadvertent Board strives to constantly im- staff will distribute an online survey to at Risk.” The MCLE Board has already knows was misdirected. New Virginia disclosure of privileged information). prove its processes and policies. solicit input from a wide cross-section begun reviewing policy changes that Rule 4.4(b), effective December 1, Comment 2 also clarifies that the Importantly, Comment 2 explains Improvement necessitates feedback, of CLE providers. MCLE staff will then may be necessary on distance learning, 2019, addresses the ethical duties of a rule does not apply to information that that if the receiving lawyer is without and over the next four to six months, analyze common areas of concern law office management (including lawyer who receives privileged mate- was wrongfully obtained rather than actual or constructive knowledge that the MCLE board and staff will launch in an initial report to the board. The cybersecurity and data privacy), and rial sent by an adversary or opposing inadvertently obtained, and that it only the material was inadvertently deliv- a program aimed at gathering that board plans to convene a series of duration limitations on ethics credit. counsel by accident. applies to metadata if the metadata is ered or that the material is protected feedback into concrete recommenda- townhall meetings — some online and The board is also examining renewal The new rule codifies the guidance privileged and inadvertently disclosed. under the attorney-client privilege, tions for the MCLE Board’s consid- others in person at the Virginia State standards for accredited sponsors, who currently found in LEO 1702 regard- Finally, Comment 3 explains that the Rule 4.4(b) does not apply. eration. Bar offices in Richmond — in order to represent approximately 100 MCLE ing a lawyer who receives privileged rule, and LEO 1702, are justified by Rule 4.4(b) was necessary because The MCLE Board is one of three clarify reported concerns and respond providers. information that was inadvertently the extreme importance of preserving the receiving lawyer’s obligations Virginia State Bar boards established to questions concerning the Supreme The MCLE Board and staff have sent. Rule 4.4 (b) requires that a lawyer lawyer-client confidences, and that the as set out in LEOs 1702 and 1871 by the Supreme Court of Virginia.1 Court of Virginia’s rules, MCLE already begun seeking feedback who receives a document or electron- duties established by the proposed rule could not be found in the black letter The work of the on other policy ically stored information relating to override the lawyer’s duty of commu- provisions of the Virginia Rules of MCLE Board changes from the representation of the lawyer’s client nication under Rule 1.4. This means Professional Conduct or former Code involves Virginia Beginning in March, the MCLE staff will distribute an online providers infor- and who knows that the information is that the lawyer is prohibited from of Professional Responsibility. The attorneys’ compli- mally. This project privileged and was inadvertently sent informing his or her client of rele- Virginia version of Rule 4.4(b) differs survey to solicit input from a wide cross-section of CLE ance with mini- represents the must immediately terminate review or vant, though inadvertently disclosed, from the ABA Model Rule 4.4(b) in mum MCLE stan- providers. MCLE staff will then analyze common areas of board’s intention to use of the information, promptly noti- information, and that the lawyer is two important respects: (1) the ABA dards and MCLE solicit input from fy the sender, and abide by the sender’s prevented from using information of instructions, if applicable, to return or great significance to the client’s case. MR 4.4(b) only obligates the receiv- program course ap- concern in an initial report to the board. as wide a group of ing lawyer to notify the sender of the proval for Virginia MCLE providers destroy the information. Comment 3 reiterates the guidance in inadvertent disclosure; and (2) ABA credit in support of as possible and the Comment 2 further explains the LEO 1871 by recognizing situations MR 4.4(b) applies to any document the core elements of the Virginia State regulations, opinions and procedures. board’s sensitivity to and respect for all scope of the rule by defining when a in which pre-trial discovery rules and agreements by litigants may modify that has been inadvertently sent. For Bar’s mission: (1) to protect the public, Thereafter, the MCLE Board will con- continuing legal education providers, document is inadvertently sent and the parties’ obligations or permit the attorneys that conduct litigation in (2) to regulate the legal profession of sider recommendations and determine whether accredited sponsors or not. when the lawyer knows or reasonably receiving lawyer to contest a sender’s other jurisdictions, please be aware Virginia, (3) to advance access to legal how best to implement agreed-upon As such, we hope that all MCLE pro- should know that that is the case: claim of privilege following an inad- that you may be required to follow services, and (4) to assist in improving changes. The MCLE Board hopes to viders, large and small, will assist us by A document or electronically vertent disclosure; the proposed rule the forum jurisdiction’s rule, which the legal profession and the judicial have this process concluded by the end participating fully in this process. stored information is inadver- does not prohibit such actions and the could be different from Virginia’s. See system. of 2020. While this effort is aimed at tently sent when it is accidentally recipient is permitted to sequester the Virginia Rule 8.5(b)(1) (applying the Staff of the Virginia State Bar’s obtaining feedback from providers, the Justice Stephen R. McCullough is the transmitted, such as when an inadvertently sent document pending rules of the jurisdiction in which the Regulatory Compliance Department resulting improvements will ultimately Supreme Court of Virginia’s liaison to email or letter is misaddressed, use of such a process. However, the court hearing the matter sits). carry out the board’s daily administra- improve the experience for both pro- the MCLE Board. Christine Lockhart or a document or electronically general trend in the law is to hold that tive operations. During the last annual viders and attorneys. Poarch is the MCLE Board’s chair. stored information is accidentally the attorney-client privilege is not cycle, staff reviewed approximately In addition to compliance and included with information that waived by inadvertent disclosure if rea- Endnotes 20,000 courses. Of that number, only course approval, the work of the was intentionally transmitted. . . . sonable measures were taken to avoid 1 See Part 6, Section IV, Rules of Supreme a small number are sent to the MCLE MCLE Board includes critical poli- Court of Virginia, Paragraph 17 and the the receiving lawyer knows or inadvertent disclosure. See, e.g., Walton Virginia Code, Title 54.1, Chapter 39, Board for consideration and deci- cy changes, such as the board’s 2018 reasonably should know that the v. Mid-Atlantic Spine Specialists, P.C., Article 2. sion. MCLE staff and the board also amendment of Opinion 19 to include 12 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 www.vsb.org www.vsb.org Vol. 68 | February 2020 | VIRGINIA LAWYER 13
Why did you Opening Doors to Legal Services: SLC Updates the Senior Citizens Handbook, Encourages Senior Citizens Law Day Programs become a lawyer? Welcome to the Senior Lawyers Conference (SLC) issue by John D. Eure Your SLC supports these programs in multiple ways. of Virginia Lawyer magazine. All Virginia lawyers who are We publish the Handbook and furnish bound copies in in good standing and 55 years of age or older are auto- bulk to Senior Law Day program presenters at no charge. matically members of the Senior Lawyers Conference. The Handbook’s costs, in fact, are the largest item in the Currently, there are over 21,000 senior lawyers in the SLC. SLC’s budget each year. The SLC’s webpage also links to One of the VSB’s most popular publications, the Bill Wilson’s extremely useful blueprint for a Senior Law Senior Citizens Handbook is a project of the SLC and is Day program, so presenters don’t have to reinvent this packed with helpful information about legal issues, oppor- particular wheel. Newly available on the SLC webpage tunities, and choices facing seniors today. The Handbook is a collection of videos of the most recent Senior Law gives seniors, their families, and their caregivers critical Day program moderated by Bill Wilson at the Dabney knowledge about how different laws may affect them. The Lancaster Community College in Clifton Forge. It is worth book opens a significant door to “access” by educating watching, to see firsthand how a local bar association re- people about relevant legal issues, empowering them to lates to its local communities and serves their needs. Past understand the law, and helping them recognize when SLC Board Chair Bruce Robinson, who is the SLC board’s they may benefit from professional legal advice. current Law Day chair, stands ready to advise anyone in- Much has changed since this resource was last up- terested in presenting a program. Bruce can be contacted In all likelihood, it was to be of service — whether you The legal landscape has changed dramatically since dated in 2013. Under the editorial direction of SLC Board at (434) 447-7922, and the SLC’s VSB staff liaison, Sylvia are helping a family through a divorce or represent- 1977. Lawyers can advertise. The yellow pages mean Member Barbara Anderson, the SLC Board of Governors Daniel, can be reached at (804) 775-0559 or at Daniel@ ing a multi-national corporation through a merger or nothing to an entire generation of people who have has undertaken a comprehensive update of the Handbook. vsb.org. This task has directly involved most of the SLC Board, as According to the bylaws of the SLC: “The purpose of acquisition. never met a phone that isn’t smart. well as other Virginia lawyers who have graciously given The SLC shall be to uphold the honor of the profession of their time and expertise. We aim to publish the updated law, to apply the knowledge and experience of the profes- As we head into a new decade, consider becoming part And that little thing called the internet has turned into version in the spring of 2020. Once that task is finished, sion to the promotion of the public good, to encourage of the service that has been helping Virginians obtain a lot more than a thing. But some people still need we will consider how to institutionalize the updating cordial discourse and interaction among the members of access to lawyers for over 40 years. help finding a lawyer and the Virginia State Bar remains process, and how to make this information available to our the Virginia State Bar, and to pursue its Mission and Goals committed to helping those people get access to legal Spanish-speaking population. as follows: The SLC shall serve the particular interests of Many Virginians lack the resources or the connections services. The VSB, through the SLC, provides the Handbook senior lawyers and promote the welfare of seniors general- to find a lawyer in their area or to understand their legal free of charge to thousands of Virginians each year, pri- ly.” We take our mission seriously and hope that we are of rights, but they do not qualify as pro bono candidates. The Virginia Lawyer Referral Service and lawyers like marily through Senior Citizens’ Law Day programs where service to you and your senior clients. you can make sure that more people have a chance to the Handbook constitutes the “course material.” These 3- to 4-hour programs, originated a number of years ago by This year, the Virginia Lawyer Referral Service is offer- understand their legal rights. then-SLC Board Member Bill Wilson of Covington, are or- ing new lawyers who join the Service one year of free ganized by local bar associations or by motivated individu- membership. And right now, joining the VLRS is free. So, what do al lawyers. Depending on the target audience and available you have to lose? speakers, these programs may cover topics such wills, Sign up, and let our team send you pre-screened refer- living trusts, alternative estate planning devices, powers of rals in your area. Call Toni Dunson at (804) 775-0591 to talk about how attorney, advance medical directives, paying for long-term you can help or sign up online at www.vlrs.net. care, Medicaid eligibility, prescription drug plans, choos- John D. Eure is chair of the Senior Lawyers Conference Board of Governors. A member of the Roanoke law firm of Johnson, Ayers Build your practice, build your reputation, or simply ing a nursing home or assisted living facility, reverse mort- & Matthews, P.L.C., he practices in the areas of insurance coverage, build confidence in our legal system for all Virginians Virginia is for good lawyers. Thank you for being one gages, and funeral planning. All reports confirm that these appellate law, and estate planning and administration. He publishes and speaks frequently on insurance coverage issues, appellate practice, by taking the time to help us help them. of them. programs are extremely well-received by those attending. and legal writing. He earned a B.A., magna cum laude, from Yale They are, in short, a real and direct service to the public. University and an M.A. and J.D. from the University of Virginia. www.vsb.org SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE | Vol. 68 | February 2020 | VIRGINIA LAWYER 15
AN APPRECIATION OF JAMES MADISON political theorist, political scientist, concilia- James Madison has been variously tor, and mediator. Madison approached most referred to as the Father of the Constitution, all of his activities with the goal of being the the Architect of the Constitution, and the best prepared that he could possibly be. He Father of the Bill of Rights; although Madison was also a man of discretion. himself was deferential to the contributions As almost everyone knows, he was of others. It may safely be said that his efforts married to the widow Dolley Payne Todd, and were critical in helping to shape our nation. when Madison died, they had been married Madison died on June 28, 1836, at for 42 years. Montpelier, Virginia at age 85. At the time of Madison also established an impressive his death, he was the sole surviving signer of record of government and public service, in- the United States Constitution. His doctor cluding: Orange County Committee of Safety, offered to provide medication to help prolong Virginia Governor’s Council of State, mem- his life a little, so that he could die on July 4, as ber of the Virginia Legislature, delegate to both John Adams and Thomas Jefferson had the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, died on July 4, 1826, but Madison refused. In Virginia delegate to the Continental his “Advice to My Country,” written two years Congress, member of United States House before his death, with instructions that it not of Representatives, secretary of state under be made public until after his death, Madison President Thomas Jefferson, president of the wrote, “The advice nearest to my heart and United States (two terms), delegate to Virginia deepest in my convictions is that the Union of Constitutional Convention, and rector of the the States be cherished and perpetuated....” If University of Virginia. Madison had been given the gift to foresee the An Appreciation of James Madison, Madison knew and was well-respected by many of the Founding Fathers, including future, one wonders what would have been Madison’s feelings about the outcomes of the A Virginia President Thomas Jefferson and George Washington (as a matter of fact, Madison “ghost-wrote” many constitutional crises which have been faced (or are being faced) by the United States Washington’s First Inaugural Address for in succeeding generations, including the great by Frank Overton Brown Jr. him). Some were Federalists and some were irony that, within about two and one-half de- Anti-Federalists, which required Madison’s cades after Madison’s death, the United States use of his special skills in helping to draft was engaged in a catastrophic Civil War and and structure the Constitution and the Bill its aftermath. James Madison Jr. (referred to in Having been tutored and taught locally in of Rights. John Marshall said that of the men his youth, in 1769, at age 18, James Madison this appreciation simply as James that he (Marshall) had known who “had the enrolled at the College of New Jersey (now Madison or Madison), who served greatest power to convince, I should perhaps Princeton University). Madison was taught say Mr. Madison, while Mr. [Patrick] Henry James Madison has been variously referred to as two terms (1809–1817) as president and mentored by the school’s president, John had without doubt the greatest power to of the United States, was born in Port Witherspoon, who later became the only persuade.” Today, the differences between the Father of the Constitution, the Architect of the Conway, Virginia on March 16, 1751. clergyman and college president to sign the “convincing” and “persuading” have practi- For most of his life, he lived in Orange Declaration of Independence, and also served cally passed from everyday usage, but if we Constitution, and the Father of the Bill of Rights; as a member of the Continental Congress. pay attention closely, we can hear and read the County, Virginia, at the family home Madison graduated in 1771 and spent an distinctions. although Madison himself was deferential to the called Montpelier. He was the eldest of additional year as the college’s first gradu- Madison and the other Founding Fathers the siblings in his family. Throughout ate student. John Witherspoon emphasized had the unique experience of helping to plan contributions of others. It may safely be said that his his lifetime, James Madison suffered “Common Sense Philosophy” in his students, a solid foundation of the new nation in its with and persevered through chron- which would stand Madison in good stead for Constitution and Bill of Rights, and to imple- efforts were critical in helping to shape our nation. the rest of his life. ment that plan. We who are the beneficiaries ic health issues. As an adult, he was James Madison possessed many skills and of both the structure of the government and estimated to be between 5 feet 2, qualities: patriot, politician, statesman, author, the laws which have emanated from that plan inches, and 5 feet, 4 inches, tall and to activist, chess player (as you brush up on your as amended remind ourselves practically Some References: weigh between one hundred and one chess skills, you will recall why it is tellingly daily of the rights and responsibilities under significant that Madison liked to play chess that plan as we go about our day-to-day lives, hundred and twenty pounds. He was Mary Sarah Bilder, “James Madison, Law so much), well read in the law (although not including following the news of the day, as Student and Demi-Lawyer.” Law and History typically well-groomed and preferred a lawyer), an effective listener and note-tak- reported by the press and other media outlets. Review 28, (2010): 389-449 to dress in black. He was described as er, purpose-driven, yet flexible, supporter of The power of discernment is one of the most being a genius. religious liberty and conscience, legislator, important powers which a citizen can learn. Madison continued on page 22 16 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 | SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE www.vsb.org www.vsb.org SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE | Vol. 68 | February 2020 | VIRGINIA LAWYER 17
ILLUSTRATIONS FOR CLARITY Using Simple Illustrations for Clarity overhead visual simply to bore you!) I have found my clients become more involved and attentive when I begin to visually illustrate the legal concepts or plea parameters. The use by Linda L. McCausland of an illustration is especially important for the client for whom listening is not the best learning style for complete understanding. A simple ratio picture. It doesn’t have to be perfect to Allow me to demonstrate using a plea broken get the point across that there are four pieces. Does your In detention now into an illustration. client have a range of one year (one piece) or a possible “The Commonwealth has offered you four years (the entire square colored in). ≤ 21 days between only one year to serve. It is the low end of the guidelines. The high end is four years.” This is a vague concept, so to make it con- auditory, visual, kinesthetic, etc. An auditory crete you draw a circle or a square and cut learner uses information from hearing, so a it in fourths for the total possible sentence, visual cue may not be as effective. Yet most Trial or plea and color in one-fourth to show the amount people use visual cues to understand things ≤ 30 days between if in detention of time offered at the low end. The client has and the illustrations help. Some clients would seen pizzas, cakes, sandwiches, and such and benefit from kinesthetic, moving or touch, readily understands a fourth of something. It to understand concepts of quantity, such as becomes clearer that the offer is only a small clapping three times in contrast to fifteen Social History piece of what the client could possibly serve in times for a plea offer. With a little creativity DJJ Probation the local jail or penitentiary. and practice, your clients may not only better For juvenile clients, the flow chart be- understand their cases but be more confident comes an attorney’s friend to clarify how the in your ability to communicate effectively Post-Dispo Up to 30 days + probation juvenile process will work for them. As soon with them. n Intensive Probation as I begin to draw something onto the page, my juvenile clients will lean forward to watch. I explain each part as I go and illustrate it as An example of the juvenile process for a client without certification or transfer possibilities. If a certification or transfer is I go. My example isn’t perfect. I’m not trying part of the client’s future, then I amend the trial box and make a line to connect to the other option of the circuit court to create art, but to express a concept using an possibilities. illustration. Endnotes After I have drawn the diagram, the 1 Ebbinghaus, Herman. (1913). (H. Ruger, & C. client better understands where they are in Bussenius, Trans.) “‘Memory’: A Contribution to the process and how long they could possi- Experimental Psychology,” New York, NY: Teachers College. [Unstructured data may need seven repeti- Have you ever tried to explain a Many clients don’t have the legal founda- bly be held in the detention home awaiting a tions or more with each repetition contributing less tion on which you can build concepts. Even trial, plea, or transfer or certification hear- than the previous, commonly called the Rule of 7.] concept or plea offer to a client who a client who has been in the legal system for ing, and what happens afterwards. Usually, 2 Educators have used the four modalities of learning simply stares at you blankly or gets years may still not have the understanding during the drawing of the juvenile or circuit for years in an effort to get the information to the students: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile angry at you as if you are talking in a that is required for an appropriate decision court process, the juvenile client calms down learning styles. Many learners are auditory or visual foreign language? The human brain in his or her case. In the case of the client I and becomes more attentive. A roadmap of learners. By including illustrations, the visual learn- referenced in the preceding paragraph, I was ers get the clarity that is needed for understanding. the process shows the destination. The client can take in information only when the sixth attorney to have one of his cases. is more likely to be willing to discuss what the the information is understood and a Of course, your client may believe he or she case is about when no longer anxious about foundation of understanding exists.1 understands the legal concept, when in fact all what is happening to them. the client may be familiar with is a few words The illustrations or flow-chart can then Without this understanding, the client you are saying. Imagine someone rattling be given to the client to refer to in the future. may use the words grammatically cor- out multiple words about a subject you don’t The client may later refer to what was dis- rectly, but have no idea what concept know anything about, and then saying that cussed, which may help prevent a telephone if you cannot follow everything to the letter call to you to revisit what was explained. By you are using. I had a client who could you will spend the rest of your life in confine- taking a few minutes more with your client, Linda McCausland is an assistant public defender parrot back the words as if he under- ment? Lots of pressure — don’t you think? you may actually be saving time in the long in the Hampton Roads area whose practice mainly involves indigent juvenile and domestic cases. Ms. stood. I listened carefully to discover Confusion leads to the anxiety the clients feel. run. McCausland has worked in this position for almost 14 that he hadn’t a clue, thus showing Your clients can increase their under- Illustrations and flow-charts give the cli- years and has dealt with 3,500 cases. She has spoken standing of the legal process or plea if you add on the school-to-prison-pipeline on NPR and has ent information auditorily and visually, which the skill of listening is essential for an a visual aspect.2 (Even if you thought your increases understanding in the majority of cli- advocated for using social science in rehabilitation of juveniles. She is a member of the Board of Governors effective lawyer. teachers wrote on the blackboard or used an ents. Everyone has a preference for learning: of the Virginia State Bar Senior Lawyers Conference. 18 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 | SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE www.vsb.org www.vsb.org SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE | Vol. 68 | February 2020 | VIRGINIA LAWYER 19
ADULT GUARDIANSHIP Virginia WINGS: on training and resources created an online tutorial and a frequently asked questions sheet for family members and others seeking to be The Supreme Court of Virginia and Community appointed as guardians and/or conservators. The committee also revised and updated Stakeholders Work to Improve Adult Guardianship the standard pamphlet on the duties of the guardian and conservator that clerks must provide to those who qualify to serve. These by Erica F. Wood resources are available on Virginia’s judicial system website. Guardianship Monitoring practice has remained uneven and, in some Unlike other state guardianship systems, cases, can be abusive. Accounts of inappropri- guardian and conservator reports in the ate, overbroad, or abusive guardianships have Commonwealth do not go directly to court. appeared in the media in many states. Instead, guardianship reports are filed with Making lasting changes in guardianship the local Adult Protective Services (APS) is an uphill battle because practices differ program, and conservator accountings are markedly by court and by state, cases are filed with the local commissioner of accounts. complex and often fraught with medical and The work of the WINGS monitoring commit- ethical issues, and funds and research are tee has focused on the required annual report scarce. If guardianship is going to change, the of the guardian — especially the fact that it is court cannot do it alone. It will take ongoing, a self-report, and there are no “outside eyes” collective efforts by courts and a range of on the welfare of the incapacitated adult. community stakeholders. Another problem is that sometimes reports In the past decade, several states have are not timely filed with APS. Discussion by piloted WINGS with small amounts of federal the WINGS committee on monitoring has funding. Other states — like Virginia — con- thus far resulted in 2019 legislation concern- vened WINGS or similar guardianship reform ing guardians who fail to file their reports to stakeholder groups on their own. WINGS APS. The new measure authorizes the court is based on a theory of social change called to issue a summons or rule to show cause “collective impact” — “the commitment of a following APS notice of delinquency when In November 2016, Chief Justice What are the Priorities? the guardian has failed to file the report. There are many aspects of adult guardianship Donald Lemons joined a growing practice in Virginia with a critical — and Where Are the Data? number of voices in champion- sometimes urgent — need for improvement. Unlike other state guardianship systems, guardian and Like most other states in the nation, Virginia ing a step toward statewide adult Virginia WINGS stakeholders have set has had very little available data on adult preliminary priorities for improvements — conservator reports in the Commonwealth do not go guardianship reform. He created a guardianship — who is served, who is serving, an adaptive list to be re-assessed over time. and other information about the case and Working Interdisciplinary Network of Important issues include a lack of data, in- process. This makes court oversight a chal- directly to court. Guardianship Stakeholders (WINGS), consistencies in practice throughout the state, lenge. The WINGS data committee reviewed and the need for regular screening for less re- convened by the Office of the the court’s statewide case management system strictive decisional options. They highlighted and suggested changes. Now the system can Executive Secretary of the Supreme the need for judicial training on guardianship accurately report, for example, the number of Court of Virginia. ethics, help for family guardians, monitoring guardianship and/or conservatorship filings group of important actors from different sec- of cases post-adjudication, uneven filing of and appointments. Other changes include tors to a common agenda for solving a specific The Chief Justice’s opening remarks at the guardian reports, follow-up actions by the the ability to generate reports that will help social problem.” Under the collective impact first WINGS meeting highlighted the impor- court — and more. All of these reforms face monitor the court’s receipt of the copy of model, “large scale social change comes from tance of problem-solving mechanisms that obstacles and insufficient resources — yet are the annual guardian report from APS. Such better cross sector coordination rather than could address challenging issues such as adult key to implementing best practices. The group data can have a significant effect on the court from the isolated intervention of individual guardianship. The members he had appointed identified three initial objectives and created a process and, ultimately, on the lives of adults organizations.”1 were a diverse group of professionals in the committee to tackle each. subject to guardianship. The American Bar Association judicial, legal, aging, disability, health care, Commission on Law and Aging, with a grant and guardianship arenas. They began learning Help for Lay Guardians National Birdseye on Guardianship from the U.S. Administration on Community from each other right away, as each brought The first objective was to improve and Practices and WINGS Living, funded seven state courts and provid- different perceptions and pieces of the guard- update training resources for lay guardians Nationally, while adult guardianship laws have ed technical assistance to WINGS nationwide. ianship puzzle to the table. throughout the state. The WINGS committee changed significantly in the past 30 years, The ABA Commission’s WINGS website gives 20 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 | SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE www.vsb.org www.vsb.org SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE | Vol. 68 | February 2020 | VIRGINIA LAWYER 21
ADULT GUARDIANSHIP a brief overview and contact information for close to 25 cur- implications including the likelihood of a greater number of rently existing state WINGS or similar groups at http://ambar adults in need of guardianships and/or conservatorships. The .org/wings. These groups generally have strong court support, Virginia WINGS network will continue to serve as a prob- Nominate an Outstanding Lawyer for the have identified priorities, and recognize that interdisciplinary stakeholders must come together in order to create change. lem-solving mechanism to offer recommendations to enhance the quality of care and quality of life of adults in, or potentially Tradition of Excellence Award in, the guardianship and conservatorship system.” n Virginia WINGS: An Ongoing Problem-Solving Forum The General Practice Section’s 32nd Annual Tradition of Excellence Award Virginia WINGS has continued to meet twice a year, coordi- Endnotes will recognize an outstanding Virginia lawyer who “embodies the highest nated by Paul DeLosh, director of the Office of the Executive 1 Kania & Kramer, Stanford Social Innovation Review, Winter 2011. tradition of personal and professional excellence in Virginia, enhances the Secretary of the Supreme Court of Virginia’s Department of image and esteem of attorneys in the Commonwealth, and has devoted sig- Judicial Services. The stakeholder group includes judges, clerks nificant amounts of time, efforts, and/or funds to activities that benefit their of court, attorneys, APS, aging advocacy groups, disability community.” groups, the statewide public guardianship coordinator, and representatives of key stakeholder organizations. Nominees must be current members of the Virginia State Bar in good stand- DeLosh observed: “This broad-based and multidisci- ing who have practiced for a minimum of ten years, five of which must be in plinary approach provides a network to facilitate the exchange general practice. More information is on the website at http://bit.ly/GP-nom. of ideas through evaluating practices, recommending stan- dards and processes, identifying resource issues, and improv- Submit by April 6, 2020, in writing to: 2019 Tradition of Excellence Award ing public and court education.” He emphasized that anyone Erica F. Wood was assistant director of the American Bar Association Commission on Law and Aging from 2005 to 2019. Associated with the VSB General Practice Section Recipient John Randolph Nelson with comments on how adult guardianship works or should 1111 East Main Street, Suite 700 ABA Commission since 1980, Wood worked on issues concerning adult work in Virginia is welcome to come to a WINGS meeting. guardianship, health and financial decision-making, legal services delivery, Richmond, Virginia 23219-0026 He underscored the ongoing support of Chief Justice Lemons, dispute resolution, health and long-term care, and access to court. In 2013 or via email at davidson@vsb.org who said: “Approximately 18 percent of Virginia’s population she received the Isabella Horton Grant Guardianship Award from the National College of Probate Judges. In 2016 she was appointed by the gov- will be 65 years of age or older by the year 2030. This aging of ernor to the Virginia Commonwealth Council on Aging. She is a member the population will have wide-ranging social and economic of Virginia WINGS. Madison continued from page 17 When you retire, your law degree doesn’t have to. David O. Stewart, Madison’s Gift: Five Partnerships That Built Lynne Cheney, James Madison, A Life Reconsidered, New America, New York, Simon & Schuster, 2015 York, Viking Penguin, 2014 “The Life of James Madison,” www.montpelier.org/learn/ Joseph J. Ellis, The American Dialogue: The Founders and Us, the-life-of-james-madison New York, Knopf, 2018 James Madison, “Writings,” Library Classics of the United Noah Feldman, The Three Lives of James Madison: Genius, States, Inc., New York, NY, 1999 n Partisan, Patriot, New York, Random House, 2017 Richard Labunski, James Madison and the Struggle for the Bill of Rights, New York, Oxford University Press, Inc., 2006 Edward J. Larsen and Michael P. Winship, The Constitutional Convention: A Narrative History from the Notes of James Madison, New York, Modern Library, 2005 Michael Meyerson, Liberty’s Blueprint: How Madison Frank Overton Brown Jr. concentrates his practice in the areas of wills, and Hamilton Wrote the Federalist Papers, Defined the trusts, estate planning, and related tax matters. He is a fellow of both the Constitution, and Made Democracy Safe for the World, New Virginia Law Foundation and the American College of Trust and Estate York, Basic Books, 2008 Counsel. He received the VSB Tradition of Excellence Award in 2006. Transition into emeritus status and practice only pro bono. He has been an adjunct professor of law at University of Richmond Law School and commissioner in chancery of the Circuit Court of the City of W.W. Scott, A History of Orange County, Virginia, Richmond, For questions about the program, contact the VSB Pro Bono/Access to Legal Services department at (804) 775-0522. Richmond. He is co-founder of the University of Richmond Annual Estate VA, Everett Waddey Co., 1907 Planning Seminar, held annually for the last 48 years. He is the author of To start the application process toward emeritus status, call (804) 775-0530. the Virginia Probate Handbook, published by Thomson Reuters. 22 VIRGINIA LAWYER | February 2020 | Vol. 68 | SENIOR LAWYERS CONFERENCE www.vsb.org Vol. 68 | February 2020 | VIRGINIA LAWYER 23 www.vsb.org
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