Politiutdanning i USA og Norge - En generell presentasjon og sammenligning - hovedvekt på norsk politiutdanning Rune Glomseth - Rotary Brumunddal
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Politiutdanning i USA og
Norge
Brumunddal, 15.6.2020
En generell presentasjon og sammenligning
- hovedvekt på norsk politiutdanning
Rune Glomseth
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 1
Temaet og mine tre spørsmål
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/police-training-weeks-united-states/
1. Hva omfatter norsk politiutdanning?
2. Hva omfatter amerikanske politiutdanning?
3. Hva er likheter og forskjeller mellom de to
politiutdanningene?
Hovedpunkter i presentasjonen: Ha in mente:
1. Ulikheter mht krav for å kunne søke 1. Ulik historie, kultur og tradisjon i USA og Norge på
2. Utdanningens omfang er vesentlig ulik samfunnsnivå
2. Ulike politikultur/politikulturer i USA og Norge
3. Politiet har en sterkere lovbeskyttelse i USA enn i Norge
4. Politiets voldsanvendelse i USA medfører årlig ca. 1.000 dødsfall
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 2
Intro - antall mennesker skutt av politiet i USA
2017-2020 https://www.statista.com/statistics/585152/people-shot-to-death-by-us-police-by-race/
People shot to death by U.S. police, by race 2017-2020
Published by Statista Research Department, Jun 5, 2020
Sadly, the trend of fatal police shootings in the United States seems to only
be increasing, with a total 429 civilians having been shot, 88 of whom were
Black, as of June 4, 2020. In 2018, there were 996 fatal police shootings, and
in 2019 this figure increased to 1,004. Additionally, the rate of fatal police
shootings among Black Americans was much higher than that for any other
ethnicity, standing at 30 fatal shootings per million of the population as of
June 2020.
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 3
SØNDAG, 7. juni 2020
A Seal Beach police officer shot at a suspected drunk driver who hit him
4 nylige politiskytinger with his large SUV, which turned out to have the Long Beach man’s 4-year-
old daughter and his 12-year-old brother inside, the department said
Sunday, June 7.
Neither child was injured.
TORSDAG, 11.juni 2020 No one was struck by the officer’s round, which went through the
Police shoot at drunk driver who tried to run over officer windshield of the suspect’s Dodge Durango.
By Charles Sercombe
Lørdag, 6. juni 2020
A female drunk driver lead Hamtramck police on a wild chase early TACOMA, Wash. (AP) — The mayor of Tacoma, Washington, told the city
Thursday morning that almost cost her life. manager Thursday to fire four police officers following the death of a man
At about 3 a.m., police officers attempted to pull over a woman driving a after police restrained him in March. Gov. Jay Inslee said on Friday the
white Toyota after she had hit several cars. Instead of pulling over, state will conduct an independent review of the investigation and any
however, the unidentified driver sped away and got on I-75 traveling charging decisions related to Manuel Ellis’ death.
north.
Hamtramck officers stopped chasing the driver at 9 Mile and got off the New York Times, 14. juni 2020
freeway. To get back to Hamtramck officers followed a service drive and How Rayshard Brooks Was Fatally Shot by the Atlanta Police
suddenly “there she was,” said Detective Jackie Crachiolo. Officers One officer has been fired and another placed on administrative duty. A
attempted to box the driver in but the woman rammed several police cars Times video analysis shows the sequence of events leading to the fatal
and tried to run over one officer. shooting.
That’s when police shot at the driver. With the windows shot out and a The Atlanta Police Department said early Sunday that an officer had been
bullet in her shoulder, the woman managed to get away. At one point fired over the fatal shooting of Rayshard Brooks, 27, at a Wendy’s
Clawson police chased the woman. She was finally apprehended in West restaurant. The officer, Garrett Rolfe, who had worked with the
Bloomfield. department since 2013, fired his handgun three times while he was
The woman is in stable condition. Her blood alcohol content was at least chasing Mr. Brooks, who the authorities said had seized a Taser from an
double the amount considered being drunk. officer and fired it as he ran. Another officer on the scene, Devin Brosnan,
Police say she had no ID on her and do not know her name. who has been with the department for less than two years, was placed on
Rune Glomseth, juniadministrative
2020 duty. 4
Krav for å komme inn på Politihøgskolen
1. Generell studiekompetanse
2. Minimum karakteren 3 i norsk hovedmål skriftlig
3. Norsk statsborger
4. Plettfri vandel
5. Medisinske krav
6. Bestå fysiske tester
• De fysiske testene består av øvelser i svømming, styrke og kondisjon. Det er i alt seks øvelser, og du må bestå alle for å være med
videre i opptaket. (kroppsheving i bom, benkpress, kondisjonsløp, undervannssvømming, dykk, 100 m svømming på tid)
7. Bli funnet egnet
• Politihøgskolens opptaksnemnd gjennomfører en egnethetsvurdering for å avgjøre om du er egnet for opptak til politiutdanningen
• Har god evne til samhandling
• Viser en åpen og inkluderende atferd
• Innehar tilstrekkelig grad av modenhet
• Er handlekraftig
• Har integritet i møte med kolleger og publikum
• Har tilstrekkelig analytisk evne
• Oppfyller krav til obligatorisk deltakelse
• Førerkort klasse B
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 5
Hvert studieår:
60 stp – samlet 3 år - 180 stp
Politiutdanningen - hovedinnhold 10 måneder
1800 timer pr. år
Politiutdanningen er godkjent som bachelor Samlet ca. 120 uker
Politi og samfunn – 30 stp Første studieår:
Politihøgskolen som
studenter
Forebyggende politiarbeid -30 stp
Andre studieår: (praksisåret)
Operativt politiarbeid og beredskap – 55 stp Opplæring i praktisk
politiarbeid under veiledning
i politidistrikter. Skal utføre
politiarbeid under veiledning
Etterforskning – 65 stp
Tredje studieår:
Politihøgskolen, fag og
Bacheloroppgaven – 15 stp
bacheloroppgaven
Formålet med utdanningen er å utdanne reflekterte og handlekraftige polititjenestepersoner som kan utføre
forebyggende, håndhevende og hjelpende virksomhet på en måte som ivaretar borgernes rettssikkerhet,
trygghet og samfunnets interesser.
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 6Amerikansk politiutdanning – Kilde: Haberfeld, juni 2020
(1) Politiet i USA er svært desentralisert og oppdelt – 18.000 ulike selvstendige politienheter, politietater
(1) Krav – NYPD: 2 år på college, pluss, se under, andre steder bare et high school diplom – kan se bort fra kravet
(2) Noen steder. Utdanning over 6 måneder.
(3) Andre steder 17 ukers politiutdanning
(2) Ulike krav mht rekruttering – se over Gjennomsnittlig lengde:
(3) Noen steder krav om lokal tilhørighet – innebærer potensielt lavere standard på søkere 21 uker (840 timer)
(4) Svært stort trykk på mangfold – innebærer potensielt lavere standard på søkere CIA og FBI krever
universitetsutdanning i
(5) Ideelle kriterier for opptak, men modifiseres i praksis bunnen/for å kunne søke
(6) Tre typer av utdanningsinstitusjoner (akademier) FBI akademiet blant de
(1) I distriktet for store distrikter
(2) Regionalt for mindre
ypperste
(3) Også mindre lokale akademier
(7) I 48 av 50 stater POST, definerte minimumsstandarder for utdanning i de respektive statene, hvert akademi kan gjøre tillegg
(8) Variasjoner mht standarder i hvert department/distrikt, hver stat har ulike krav for «etter- og videreutdanning»
(9) USA ligger lysår bak norsk politiutdanning. Hun viser alltid til norsk politiutdanning som en modell for god politiutdanning.
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 7Basic Course for Police Officers
https://www.criminaljustice.ny.gov/ops/training/bcpo/bcpo01.htm
• Basic training is often considered to be the most important learning experience that a police officer completes during his or her
career. The conventional method of basic training for sworn municipal police officers in New York State began following passage of
Chapter 446 of the Laws of 1959, which mandated the training. Typically, in the State of New York, police officers are appointed
and attend the Basic Course for Police Officers (BCPO) at a regional academy. A typical course consists of a mix of police officers
from a variety of police departments and sheriff's offices in that region of the state. It’s also common for large agencies to operate
their own academy.
• Appointed police officers who are registered with DCJS by their employing agencies are eligible to receive certificates of
completion for the Basic Course for Police Officers.
• The Basic Course for Police Officers has undergone a continual evolution since it was first established. When mandated effective
July 1, 1960, the Basic Course for Police Officers consisted of a minimum standard of 80 hours of instruction in specified areas. The
current BCPO consists of a minimum standard of over 700 hours established by the Municipal Police Training Council (MPCT). Staff
routinely reviews the content of the Basic Course for Police Officers to ensure that the material remains relevant to criminal justice
issues and best prepares officers to serve their communities.
• Today’s Basic Course for Police Officers covers a wide range of topics including but not limited to,
Ethics & Professionalism, Cultural Diversity, Bias Related Incidents, Professional Communication,
Persons with Disabilities, Crisis Intervention, Use of Physical Force & Deadly Force, Active Shooter
Response and Decision Making.
• Today’s police recruits are also mandated to complete numerous Reality Based Training Scenarios
to better prepare them for the situations they will encounter on the job.
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 8Tilleggsopplysninger
Kilde: Garth den Heyer, juni 2020
• Generelle problemer med rekruttering både med kvantitet og kvalitet
• Ferguson effekt når det gjelder rekruttering
• folk nøler med å søke, samt medias negative omtale av politi og politivirksomhet trekker i samme
negative retning
• Mange politidistrikter og politiorganisasjoner er fortsatt preget av 2007, og de
rekrutterer ikke politifolk i større antall
• Reduksjoner i politifolk pensjonsgodtgjørelser
• Tidligere bruk av narkotika har også følger for søkere/søkningen til politiet
An extensive report prepared for the United Nations Human Rights Committee, published in 2006, stated
that in the U.S. the War on Terror "created a generalized climate of impunity for law enforcement officers, The Ferguson Riots) in Ferguson, Missouri, involved protests and
and contributed to the erosion of what few accountability mechanisms exist for civilian control over law riots beginning on August 10, 2014, the day after the fatal shooting
enforcement agencies. As a result, police brutality and abuse persist unabatedRune
and Glomseth,
undeterredjuni
across the
2020 of Michael Brown by police officer Darren Wilson. 9
country."[53]Oppsummering av hovedpunkter
Norsk politiutdanning Amerikansk politiutdanning
• Mindre attraktiv utdanning og yrke
• Attraktiv utdanning, god
• Langt lavere krav for å komme inn
søkertall, må ha generell • Kortere og mindre ensrettet
studiekompetanse og gode utdanning/kursing – ulike krav mht
rekruttering
karakterer • 6 måneder i NY
• 17 uker i enkelte stater
• Egnethetsvurdering • Snitt: 21 uker
• Vekt på ferdigheter
• Bachelor 180 stp – 3 år • Mer «militær» opplæring enn i Norge
• Vektlegger opplæring i praksis
• Ansett som blant de beste • Venter en politireform og en
politiutdanninger utdanningsreform i USA
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 10Takk for
oppmerksomheten!
Spørsmål –
kommentarer?
Utdanning har verdi!
Rune Glomseth, juni 2020 11You can also read
