Master - Calabria Vigorosa

Master

 Mattia Preti - Autoritratto

Cover photo
Artist: Mattia Preti
Title: Self-portrait
License: Public domain

 © All rights reserved. Sale prohibited.

 Company benefiting from Fondi Por Calabria
 2007-2013 Pisl Local Tourist Systems / Local Tourist
 Destinations Pia.

eGuide

 Taverna

 Calabria Vigorosa eGuide

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eGuide

Calabria Vigorosa Guide

Editorial director: Giuseppe De Franco
Editorial board: Chiara Falcone, Ettore De Franco.

Municipality of Taverna

Mayor: Sebastiano Tarantino

Regione Calabria

President: Jole Santelli

Collaborator: Salvatore Piccoli

Closed on 18 July 2020

© 2020 Calabria Vigorosa e Guide
Via Cav. P. Longo 123 87028 Praia a Mare (CS)
Italia
www.calabriavigorosa.it

The preparation of this guide has been carried out with
great care and great attention and accuracy. However,
we do not take any responsibility for time changes,
telephone numbers, addresses or other occurrences,
nor for damages or inconveniences by anyone suffered
as a result of the information contained in this guide.

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SUMMARY

 How to use the guide 07
 USEFUL INFORMATION
 Restaurants 08
 Accomodations 08
 Cellular network 09
 Security 09
 Transportation 09
 Tavel agencies 10
 Useful numbers 10
 CULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT
 People and cultures 12
 The churches 14
 Taverna Medieval 19
 Civic Museum 20
 NATURE AND SPORT
 Mancuso Village 23
 The Biogenetic Reserve 24

 N-O-T-E
Bibliography: www.mondimedievali.net/Castelli/Calabria/catanzaro/
provincia000.htm#taverna; castelliere.blogspot.com; Encyclopedia of
the Municipalities of Calabria (Quotidiano della Calabria); The
Library of the Republic; Taverna city of art. To rebuild a lost identity
(G. Valentino); Civic Museum of Taverna. History, places and works
(G. Valentino)
Iconographic references: Calabria Vigorosa photographic archive,
Wikipedia Commons archive; Archive of Salvatore Piccoli
courtesy.Photographic archive of the Civic Museum.

Calabria Vigorosa may have used photos available on the Internet
assuming, unless otherwise indicated, the complete availability for
publication. If we receive a complete and valid removal notification,
we will remove the content as required by law.

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 The municipality is included in the
 UNESCO Biosphere Reserve of the Sila

The MAB Programme develops the basis within the
natural and social sciences for the rational and
sustainable use and conservation of the resources of the
biosphere and for the improvement of the overall
relationship between people and their environment. It
predicts the consequences of today’s actions on
tomorrow’s world and thereby increases people’s ability to
efficiently manage natural resources for the well-being of
both human populations and the environment.
By focusing on sites internationally recognized within
the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, the MAB
Programme strives to:
 • identify and assess the changes in the
 biosphere resulting from human and natural
 activities and the effects of these changes on
 humans and the environment, in particular in the
 context of climate change;
 • study and compare the dynamic
 interrelationships between natural/near-natural
 ecosystems and socio-economic processes, in
 particular in the context of accelerated loss of
 biological and cultural diversity with unexpected
 consequences that impact the ability of
 ecosystems to continue to provide services
 critical for human well-being;
 • ensure basic human welfare and a liveable
 environment in the context of rapid urbanization
 and energy consumption as drivers of
 environmental change;
 • promote the exchange and transfer of
 knowledge on environmental problems and
 solutions, and to foster environmental education
 for sustainable development.

 Date of designation: 2014
 Administrative authorities: Authority of the Sila National Park
 Surface: 357,294 ha

 Position latitude: 39º47'2 "N - 38º58'0" N
 Longitude: 17º0'15 "E - 16º15'0"
 Central point: 39 ° 20'26 "N - 16 ° 26'30" E

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HOW TO CONSULT THE GUIDE
The guide is designed to be consulted on the mobile phone or
tablet. It is a Pdf file that always shows one page at a time.
After receiving the file, we suggest downloading it to your
mobile phone, opening it and activating the "Add to home
screen" function. This way it can be opened even without an
Internet connection. Just the charged battery.

The file is also provided in ePub format. It is also visible on
the smartphone, but it is a format more suited to a larger
screen (tablet or PC).

The printing of this brochure is forbidden under the law

Practical information and addresses

This section shows the places to spend a few hours in peace.
Places to eat and where to sleep, useful phones, transport,
cell phone coverage. All the city and everything you need for
the visit. You will find also the name of professional guides
in case you want to be accompanied by nice and competent
people.

Culture and environment

In this section we host the description of the most important
places of the village. There are also short essays that
introduce to history, geography, art, traditions, the specifics
of the city and the territory. In short, we provide an overview
and an essential chronology in terms of art and local culture.

Walking

This section organizes the visit generally with walking
itineraries. In the online version an interactive map will be
provided with an indication of the locations and routes.

Conventional signs

Open files Web pages Videos Photos Send email

 ▶ 

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 Restaurants

& Trattoria da Bombardino (Tipical) Piazza Giuseppe
Poerio, 13
 +39 339 130 2051 - 
& Mattia'S Pub (Pub) Via Ierinise, 22
 +39 338 106 5099 - 
& I Mangioni (Pizza) Via Salvador Allende, 10
 +39 327 194 7908 - 
& Trattoria Da Zio Paolo (Tipica) Residence La Piazzetta
Villaggio Mancuso
 +39 392 334 2005 - 
& Ristorante La Rotonda (Bar Grill) Strada Statale 179
Dir, 10, Villaggio Mancuso
 +39 338 199 7240 - 

 Accomodations

 Il Semaforo Sila (B&B and SportHotel) Contrada
Pantane, 1 Villaggio Racise
 +39 0961 748077 - 
 Albergo della Posta (★★★★) Via Eugenio Mancuso -
Villaggio Mancuso
 +39 0961 922 033 - 
 Parco dei Pini (★★★★) Via Eugenio Mancuso, 56 -
Villaggio Mancuso
 +39 0961 922 164 - 
 Casa Vacanza Villaggio Mancuso (Holiday House) Via
Eugenio Mancuso 81, Residence Stella Alpina 1, Int. 3
 +39 335 259 142 - 

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 Cellular network

At present Taverna is not covered by wireless band and
ultra-wide band. The works are in the executive planning
phase. The start is expected in mid 2021 with end in mid
2022 (click here to see the status).

 Security

 There are no particularly risk areas. For any doubt, it is
 advisable to call the traffic police at +39 0961 921058.

 Transportation

 Line bus. The service is provided by the railways
 company Ferrovie della Calabria. It connects the city with
 Catanzaro with two pairs of daily runs on weekdays. For
 information call the number +39 0961 896262 - 0961
 896306 (biglietteria).

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 Tourist services

My Tour Sila - Via Magna Sila, 1
 + 39 333 231 0874 - 

 Useful Numbers

* Town Hall - City Police

 +39 0961 921058

 Post Office - Via Roma, 142

 +39 0961 931179

, Emergency medical Service - Via Carmela Borelli

 +39 0961 931292

 Hospital - Viale Papa Pio X, 83, 88100 Catanzaro

 +39 0961 883111

 Piterà Pharmacy - Via Acri, 3

 +39 0961 921190

 Piterà Dispensary - Villaggio Mancuso

 +39 0961 921190

 Professional tour guides

 +39 333 105 4532 - Francamaria Giordano

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Taverna eGuide

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 Dati cartogra ci ©2020 100 m

eGuide

 CULTURE PEOPLES

 ENVIRONMENT

 Fallow deer in the woods of Taverna

TAVERNA is in the Sila Piccola about half an hour from
Catanzaro (33 kilometers) and is part of the Sila National
Park. Return to the UNESCO Biosphere Buffer Zone.
It was frequented by the Romans as a transit station on
the road that connected the Tyrrhenian Sea with the
Ionian Sea. The name deriving from the Latin taberna is
proof of this.
The birth of today's Taverna is due to the romeo general
Niceforo Foca or, better, to one of his prosecutors.
Niceforo was hastily called to replace General Stefano
Massenzio who between the years 882 and 883 was
leading a new army.
The military offensive of Constantinople started in 880
when a powerful army of 35,000 men landed in Calabria
under the orders of the protovestiario Procopio and the
strategist Leone Apostippo. The goal was to regain Bari
and Taranto which were in Saracen hands. They
succeeded, but Apostippo had to resume the offensive in

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882 which he entrusted to General Massenzio. The
general did not prove to be up to par and Apostippo
replaced him with Niceforo. The new commander was
one of the most talented of the time and perhaps of all
Roman history and immediately showed all his skills. He
launched a great offensive and reconquered Amantea,
Tropea and Santa Severina. And it was during the
conquest of the latter that one of his protospatario
founded what is now Taverna.
There is also a legend that
attributes the first
settlement to Taverna to PROTOSPATARIO:
 commander of the imperial
refugees from the mythical guards
Greek city of Trischene.
Traces of this can be
found in a 15th century ROMEO: they are the
writing by Ruggero Greek-speaking Romans,
 inhabitants of the Eastern
Carbonello in "Chronica Roman Empire
Trium Tabernarum"
according to which the
city, located on the sea PROTOVESTIARIO:
near today's Sellia Marina, second-rate political
 figure, assigned to take
was destroyed by the care of clothing during war
Saracens. activities
The survivors fled and a
small group of them
headed towards the mountains where, near today's
Taverna, they built an impregnable fortress. This
reconstruction, between the historic and the legendary,
could be supported by the remains found on the Paramite
mountain of Taverna Vecchia, a castle, a sighting tower
and the cathedral.
The first owner of Taverna was the Crotone from Tuscanio
Lusignianna who conquered it in 1055. Two years later it
was Roberto il Guiscardo who took it by donating it to his
nephew Baiolardo.
Taverna was owned by the Capriolo family and in 1136
Ruggero III of Altavilla granted the fief to Ridolfo, count of
Loritello.
It was sacked in 1162 by William I of Altavilla. In the
fifteenth century, during the struggle between the
Aragonese and Angevins, he sided openly with the
Aragons and suffered a violent attack in 1426 by
Francesco Sforza.
He welcomed the subversive laws of feudality enacted by
the French in 1806.

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 Life culture society

 The ecclesiastical patrimony

 Glimpse of the historic center

THE DISPUTE

IN Calabria, disputes over the assignment of offices and
capitals date back to time immemorial. This is confirmed
by the dispute between Taverna and Catanzaro for the
attribution of the episcopal see. The historical events
relating to the elevation of Taverna to a bishopric can be
deduced from the Chronica Trium Tabernarum by
Ruggero Carbonello, a manuscript of doubtful
authenticity, drawn up in the first half of the XII century,
found in the church of San Giovanni a Carbonara in
Naples, and published in 1642 by Ferdinando Ughelli in
Sacred Italy. It disputes the existence of a city "Trium
Tabernarum", erected as a bishopric by Cardinal
Desiderio, suppressed and merged first in Squillace and
then in Catanzaro. The dispute recorded numerous
opinions in comparison. One of these confirms the
existence of the episcopal see in the Three Taverns, while
another decrees the transfer to Catanzaro. News verified
in the ad limina report of June 15, 1592 of the bishop of
Catanzaro, Nicolò Orazi. That there really was a dispute
between Taverna and Catanzaro for the attribution of the
birthright of the episcopal see, is also evident from the
Liber privileiorum of the city of Taverna, where we read
petitions addressed to the rulers to regain the diocese,
until Charles V, motu in fact, in 1532 he inhibited the
University of Taverna from claiming the episcopal see.

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 Church of San Domenico

 The interior of the church of San Domenico
 with the paintings of Mattia Preti

The church is located in a large area to the right of Piazza
Giuseppe Poerio with a bronze monument depicting
Mattia Preti built by Michele Guerrisi.
The church, annexed to the large Dominican convent
founded in the fifteenth century, was transformed during
the reconstruction that took place between 1670 and
1680 - following the earthquake of 1662 - in baroque
forms. It has a simple and elegant façade with a portal
crowned by a gable with several orders connected by
volutes, supported by four trabeated Ionic columns, and
culminating the statue of San Domenico. The building
has a central nave with a nave on the left side; here we
find five intercommunicating chapels in succession. On
the right side the chapels have been created in the space
of the arches. The quadrangular choir communicates
with the sacristy behind furnished with seventeenth-
century furniture. On the left side there is the oratory of
the Rosary, characterized by a painted wooden ceiling,
stucco squares on the walls and wooden stalls; at the
bottom is the monumental gilded wooden altar. The roof
of the church is made up, along the nave, of a wooden
ceiling painted in a false coffered that is placed in
continuity with the presbytery area table, valuable for the
illusionistic architectural elements that move and expand
the space; a cycle of frescoes completes the decoration
of the building. In fact, it contains many works by Mattia
Preti and his brother Gregorio Preti.

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As soon as you enter, on the right, there is a marble
group from 1603 sculpted by the Spanish artist, residing
in Naples, Giambattista Ortega representing the Pietà.
On the walls of the nave, stuccos and frescoes
representing the life of San Domenico were made at the
top and, at the bottom, wooden altars, dating back to
1600, carved by local artisans.
On the walls, in correspondence of the altars, the works
of Mattia Preti are exposed. The Martyrdom of Saint
Peter of Verona on the first altar, Saint Francesco of
 Paola crosses the strait
 with the mantle on the
 second altar, Saint
 Sebastian on the third
 altar, the Madonna and
 Child between Saints
 Nicholas and Gennaro
 (built together with his
 brother Gregorio) on
 the fourth altar , the
 boy Redeemer at the
 fifth altar. 15 small
 scenes from the life of
 Christ have been
 added to this work by
The altar an anonymous local
 artist. The sixth altar
 displays the work
Madonna del Rosario and mysteries.
The paintings of the Madonna and Child Enthroned and
Saints Magdalene and Francis of Assisi also called
"Madonna of Providence", by Gregorio Preti, but for a
long time assigned to Mattia, of the Crucifixion with the
Virgin, St. John are also exhibited and the Magdalene,
the Madonna degli Angeli with San Michele and San
Francesco d'Assisi, the Preaching of San Giovanni
Battista, the blessing God the Father and the Madonna
del Carmelo with San Lorenzo and San Francesco
Saverio.
In the church, moreover, you can admire a beautiful choir
in wood carved and painted in 1700 and a large organ
finely carved made by Francescus Ferrazzani in Rivello in
1753. On the right wall there is a carved and painted
wooden pulpit.
 Descriptions taken from: Atlas of Cultural Heritage of Calabria
 and Biblioteca di Repubblica

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 Church of Santa Barbara

 The altar

It is an archpriestal church with competences also on
other churches in the area. It is located in Piazza Ricca
about 300 meters from the Town Hall. It also houses
works by Mattia Preti and Gregorio Preti.
It has rich wooden altars by local craftsmen, dating
back to the 17th century and also houses various
pallotti from the church of the Osservanza which was
destroyed by the 1783 earthquake.
Among the paintings worthy of note, the one called
San Martino, bishop and saints, which dates back to
before 1650 and is attributed to Gregorio Preti. You
can also admire the Baptism of Jesus (Mattia Preti),
the Madonna and Child (Antonio da Serra), Ecstasy of
Santa Teresa supported by an angel and saints
Francesco Saverio and Filippo Neri (Gregorio Preti).
In the oratory there are some canvases (not to be
missed) with multiple lobes dating back to the '700
and a carved and gilded wooden altar with a scagliola
frontal with S. Antonio of Padua. In the sacristy there is
a wooden wardrobe and sacred vestments from the
1600s and 1700s.

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 Other churches

 The church of San Martino (from tripadvisor.it)

Outside the town we find the church of San Martino
where Mattia Preti was baptized. Inside there is a
Madonna della Grazia, a Cretan-Venetian Byzantine
panel dating back to the 17th century, framed by a
canvas by Preti and a painting by Gregorio Preti, San
Martino and the saints. It is also possible to admire
other interesting canvases from the 17th, 18th and
19th centuries. Also very interesting is the visit of the
church of S. Maria Maggiore, in via Santa Maria, in
whose interior you can admire, on carved wooden
altars the canvases of the Madonna del Carmine and
Immacolata and saints by Giovanni Balducci, called Il
Cosci, datable between 1605 and 1614; the Madonna
and Child with Saints Cecilia and Catherine of
Alexandria by Giovanni Bernardo Azzolmo. The
Adoration of the shepherds is located in the cimasse
and is the copy of the homonymous copper painting of
the Catanzaro Museum.
Also worth visiting is the church of Soccorso where
there is a wooden statue of San Buonaventura.

AN IMMENSE ART GALLERY

THE art treasures kept in the churches of Taverna are
a phenomenon difficult to find in other villages so
small and in internal areas that are not easy to access.
If we combine the works contained in the churches
with those exhibited in the Civic Museum, which we
will discuss later, it can be said that Taverna is an
immense art gallery.
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 Taverna Medieval

 The ruins of the Watchtower
 (Photo by Antonio Procopio, taken from repubblica.it)

ABOUT 3 kilometers from Taverna, you will find the
remains of the walls and the cylindrical structure of the
Watchtower. Despite the neglect and the many
collapses that have affected it, the ruins are sufficiently
substantial.
It was built between 1428 and 1431 to protect an
important step towards Sila. It had a parapet floor, two
bulwarks, a cylindrical tower, 42 battlements; there
were 16 soldiers on guard with falconets and
arquebuses, probably afterwards he also had some
pieces of artillery. On the occasion of the earthquake
of 1783 the tower suffered serious damage and
became, in the 19th century, an outpost for the raids
of brigands.
The castle may have been built, probably by refugees
from Trischene. Around the tenth century. It is only a
hypothesis as the founders of Taverna may have been
the Romans as mentioned on page 14.
In any case, the castle was destroyed in 1162 by
Guglielmo il Malo and was abandoned. The population
moved downstream, giving rise to the current urban
core of Taverna.
The perimeter of the fortress is still visible with the
rooms partially underground. Walls with traces of red
plaster are also visible. Unfortunately, a large part of
the building material was used for the terraces of the
adjacent gardens which allow other ruins to be seen in
the ground and among the vegetation.
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 The Civic Museum

 One of the rooms of the Civic Museum

THE museum is housed in the former Dominican convent
annexed to the monumental Church of San Domenico.
Founded in 1465, the building was damaged by the 1662
earthquake. The adjacent church was also rebuilt between
1670 and 1680, and enlarged with a nave on the left and a
new bell tower rebuilt in 1794. The 1905 earthquake again
damaged both the church that the convent. For a long
time the church was the natural custodian of the works of
the artist Mattia Preti. Eight paintings of the "Cavalier
Calabrese" were stolen on February 26, 1970. For security
the San Domenico was closed. After about 3 years the
works were recovered. In 1988 the building and the works
housed in it were restored, the church was reopened for
worship and the Pinacoteca pretiana to the public. Of the
convent today remains the church and the large building
that houses the town hall, the civic museum and the
library. The exhibition itinerary is divided into two sectors
(A and B); The first houses in the second and third rooms
paintings of two great protagonists of 17th century art:
Gregorio Preti and Mattia Preti; in particular of the first, a
San Giacinto and a San Vincenzo Ferrer, of the second the
Madonna degli Angeli with the SS. Michele Arcangelo and
Francesco d'Assisi, a S. Girolamo and a sketch depicting
the SS. Pietro e Paolo, sketch of the frescoes painted by
the master for the dome of S. Biagio in Modena. In the
following rooms, in addition to sculptural works, there are
paintings by Neapolitan artists of the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries and by Calabrian artists; among them
Giovan Battista Spinelli, Antonio and Giovanni Sarnelli,

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The Madonna degli Angeli is a canvas by Mattia Preti. It is kept
on the first floor of the museum together with those depicting
Jaele who kills Sisara and Saints Peter and Paul.

 Ownership: Municipality Timetables
 Address: Piazza del Popolo, 1 09:30 to 12:30
 Telephone: + 390961-924-824 16:00 to 18:00
 Email: museotaverna@libero.it Admission € 5.00

Mario Minniti, Antonio De Bellis. Followed by rooms
dedicated to silk art or to the most recent acquisitions of
the Museum, including a preparatory study by Preti for the
Apotheosis of S. Pietro Celestino. In the second sector,
dedicated to permanent and temporary exhibitions, works
by Carmelo Savelli, collections dedicated to Ercole Drei,
Francesco Guerrieri, Lia Drei, as well as sections
dedicated to the works of Mimmo Rotella, Mirella
Bentivoglio, Concept Pozzati, up to the Calabrian
Giuseppe Gallo and Francesco Correggia.

 (Description taken from: beniculturali.it/mibac/opencms)

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 Mattia Preti

 ▶

 A short movie (44 seconds) of some
 of the works of Mattia Preti (Taverna 1613-Malta 1699)

MATTIA Preti was one of the masters of seventeenth-
century Italian art. He was a very prolific painter from
his native Calabria, to Rome, to Naples and to his
thirty-year stay in Valletta.
He was the protagonist of the Baroque school in which
you can see Caravaggesque suggestions of which he
was also considered one of the heirs. His works are
present throughout Italy and around the world in the
most prestigious museums and in rich private
collections.
In reality, Preti felt attracted to the Emilian painter
Guercino and many scholars and art critics confirm
this closeness.
The genius of Mattia Preti was evident in his Roman
stay. After a brief period in Naples. Between 1630 and
1640 he painted memorable canvases such as the
Flagellation of Christ, The Meeting of Musicians and
Poets, the Concert. Also magnificent is a fresco from
1650 Stories of the Martyrdom of St. Andrew.
Before his second stay in Naples, Preti made a trip to
Veneto and Emilia where he left frescoes in Modena in
the church of S. Biagio. His return to Naples is marked
by works of considerable importance, among which
one cannot fail to mention the Allegories of the Plague
in which he appears as an original reworker of
seventeenth-century language.
In 1661 he was knighted and moved to Malta where he
died in 1699.
He was busy for the churches of the island and for
commissions for the Neapolitan and Italian churches.
In any case, the most significant works remain, in the

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 Nature and Sport

 Mancuso village

 ▶

 Click on the button in the photo and look
 the video of the characteristic houses of Villaggio Mancuso

TAVERN is not only wonderful art, it is also nature, sport,
fun, relaxation, pure air.
In fact, only 7 kilometers separate it from Mancuso village in
Sila, in the middle of the Buffer area of the MAB (Man and
Biosphere) of UNESCO and the Sila National Park. The area
also houses the Biogenetic State Reserve for Biodiversity
managed by the Carabinieri (former Forest Guard).
Mancuso village is a very beautiful tourist resort with
characteristic wooden houses and excellent quality hotels.
In the past it was the
destination of the
international jet-set
whose
representatives were
staying at the Albergo ▶
delle Fate (see the
video on the side),
today unfortunately
closed permanently.
The village was founded by a wood industrialist, Eugenio
Mancuso, in the 1930s. In those years the economic crisis
caused the sale of timber to stop. Eugenio used the unsold
to build houses and a very characteristic hotel. The
enchanting place and the hotel immediately attracted
important people who made the town famous. Today,
unfortunately, only memories of a great past remain, but the
tradition of hospitality and quality services has not changed.
A holiday, or a visit to Mancuso village will remain in the
memory as an experience to be repeated and
recommended.

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eGuide

 The Biogenetic Reserve

 The pond in the Poverella Reserve

THE Poverella state biogenetic reserve is managed by
the Carabinieri Corps after the Forestry Corps merged.
There are 130 biogenetic reserves in Italy, all managed
by the weapon, and represent places to be protected
from a landscape and environmental point of view due
to the presence of flora and fauna with very special
characteristics. Management is particularly sensitive to
environmental education and is aimed at both schools

and adults. It is about 1 kilometer from the "Garcea"
Visitor Center. The stretch is flat and can be covered
on foot in a few minutes.

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eGuide
SHEET

 Altitude: 850-1,280 m. Timetable: 08.00-17.00
 Extension: 1,086 ha Phone +39 0961 922 819

 Disabled
 • Path with illustrative tables of flora and fauna
 • Path for the blind with tables in Braille language

 FLORA
 It varies with altitude. From evergreen oaks, to
 deciduous oaks, to pure larch pine forests, to beech
 woods with sporadic presence of white fir.
 Secondary species are the Neapolitan and black
 alder, the opal and mountain maple, the chestnut,
 the aspen. To highlight the particular presence del
 Pino Laricio Calabrese "Vutullo cultivar" with thicker
 heartwood and cylindrical trunks. Among shrubs are
 present hawthorn, dog rose, butcher's broom, holly,
 elderberry and others minor species.

 FAUNA
 Among the mammals the most important species is
 certainly the wolf; until a few years ago in danger of
 extinction; today the wolf population seems to be
 increasing. Other common mammals are the roe
 deer and the wild boar. Among those of small and
 average size are remembered: the squirrel, the hare,
 the wild cat, the fox, the badger, the marten, the
 polecat and the dromio.
 Among the nesting birds there are the goshawk, the
 sparrow hawk, the honey buzzard, the plain, the
 black woodpecker, the wood pigeon, the scops owl,
 the stiff neck, the great spotted woodpecker, the
 moth, the fiorrancino, the gray tit, the green luì, the
 nuthatch, the oriole Oriolus oriolus and the small
 one.
 They also nest the ruler, the lucarino and the cruises
 that, in general, populate higher latitudes.

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eGuide

 Taverna

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