Digital Electronics introduction to - Install the Arduino IDE on your laptop if you haven't already!
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introduction to Digital Electronics Install the Arduino IDE on your laptop if you haven’t already!
Electronics can add interactivity! Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic - Arthur Clark.
Electronics can add interactivity! Any sufficiently well executed technology is indistinguishable from magic in the eyes of kids!
Electronics can be complex
Avoid unnecessary complexity!
Let’s look at a circuit!
+
Battery Light Bulb
-
Let’s look at a circuit!
+
Battery Light Bulb
Power Source - Load
Let’s look at a circuit!
+
Battery Resistor
Power Source - Load
Let’s look at a circuit!
+
5v
Battery Resistor
330Ω
Power Source - Load
V = IR 5 = I • 330
Voltage = Current × Resistance Current ≈0.015A
Volts Amps Ohms
Let’s look at a circuit!
+
5v
330Ω
-Let’s look at a circuit!
+
5v
0v 330Ω
-Let’s look at a circuit!
+
5v
0v 330Ω
-Let’s look at a circuit!
+ 5v V1
330Ω 0v Vref
-
V1 - Vref = IRLet’s look at a circuit!
+
5v
0v 330Ω
-Let’s look at a circuit!
5v
5v
+
330Ω 330Ω
0v
-
0vLet’s look at a circuit! 5v 330Ω 0v
Time for some LIGHT!
5v
330Ω
LED
Light Emitting Diode
0vTime for some LIGHT!
5v
330Ω
+
-
LED
+- Light Emitting Diode
Longer is positive!
0v
Diodes conducts current primarily in one direction
Needs resistor!Time for some LIGHT!
5v
330Ω
LED
+- Light Emitting Diode
Longer is positive!
0vNow in real life!
5v
Power Rails
330Ω
0vNow in real life!
5v
Power Rails
330Ω
0vNow in real life!
5v
Power Rails
330Ω
0vNow in real life! 5v 330Ω 0v
Now in real life! 5v 330Ω 0v
Add in a switch!
5v
330Ω
Bonus Extra Challenge!
0vA closer look…
5v VCC (also Vdd,Vhigh)
V2 - VGND = 1.4V
Voltage Common Collector
(usually your power supply!)
330Ω
V2
LED Forward Voltage Drop
≈1.4V ≈0Ω
Components
have rules!
0v VGNDA closer look…
V2 = 1.4V
5v VCC (also Vdd,Vhigh)
Voltage Common Collector
VCC - V2 = I • R
(usually your power supply!) 5 - 1.4 = I • 330
330Ω
I ≈ 10 mA
V2
Datasheets!
LED Forward Voltage Drop
≈1.4V ≈0Ω
Components
have rules!
0v VGNDA closer look…
5v VCC
330Ω
V2
0v VGND
I ≈ 10 mAA closer look…
5v VCC 5v VCC
330Ω
V2 LED Max Current
≈20mA
V = IR
0v VGND 0v VGND
I ≈ 10 mA I ≈ BIG NUMBERDigital vs Analog Circuits Analog Circuits Range of voltages Usually requires math! Digital Circuits Usually 2 distinct voltages (high & low) 5v and 0v (roughly) 01100101011011010110000101101001 01101100011101010111001101100010 01101001011101000111001100100001
Using your Arduino!
A Microcontroller
.. or a small computer!
Has inputs and outputs you can control
Teensy
Arduino Uno Arduino NanoBlink!
- +Advanced Blink!
+
Try making
R- - the colors
-
+GB alternate!
- - -
- +Pulse Width Modulation
PWM! 5v
50% Duty Cycle
Digital is only 0v or 5v,
0v
so how do we get
50% of the time on,
values in between? 50% of the time off
LEDs can only be in 2
states- on or off! 5v
90% Duty Cycle
PWM to make the LED
seem ‘dimmer’ 0v
90% of the time on,
10% of the time offPWM Pins marked ~ can use PWM
Servo and Moving Parts
Rotary actuator that
allows for precise
control of position
Arduino friendly!
Built-in Library
0-180 Degrees
SIGNAL (Pin 6)
POWER (5V)
GNDContinuous Rotation Servo Simple ‘motors’ Don’t allow you to specify the exact location, but can rotate CCW or CW at different speeds. 0 -180 Degrees becomes: CCW full speed, stationary, CW full speed
Button Inputs
Arduino
What does the Arduino
sense when it’s not
connected to GND?
Digital Pin 8 Value is floating!
Pull up resistor!Button Inputs
5v
Solution to prevent
Arduino floating input sensor
- pull up resistor!
Digital Pin 8Button Inputs
No longer need the
Arduino external pull up resistor
when specified in code
Digital Pin 8Button Inputs Arduino Digital Pin 8
LED strips A strip of LEDs
Individually Addressable LED strips! Objectively pretty neat! Integrated Circuit & I2C communication ws2812b RGB LED Run on 5v and can be controlled with an Arduino! Watch out for current! Each color ~ 15mA, total 50mA on ‘white’. Arduino max current ~1A
Individually Addressable LED strips! Can be individually powered (can consume a lot of power. Use rechargeable batteries!) Connectors to help you split your LED strips into multiple lengths!
Wrap-up! … wrapping up wires! Use these to tidy up your wire runs!
Wrap-up! All the parts today actually came from Amazon. Other places you can order electronic parts from: - Adafruit - Jameco - Digikey Take anything you’d like to keep with you (you can use these on your toys/sketch models) Any cables you don’t need/don’t wish to keep, leave them on the table and we’ll collect them.
introduction to Digital Electronics
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