Delivering resilience to climate-related impacts on water quality through Earth observation - Dr Peter D. Hunter & Prof. Andrew N. Tyler ...
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Delivering resilience to climate-related impacts on water quality through Earth observation Dr Peter D. Hunter & Prof. Andrew N. Tyler University of Stirling 05 May 2021
UKCR Project Team Dr VagelisSpyrakos,Dr Caitlin Riddick, Dr Adam Varley, Matthew Blake | University of Stirling Prof Laurence Carvalho | UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology Prof Marion Scott & Prof Claire Miller | University of Glasgow Neville Rudd & Team | 3DEO Background Science UKRI NERC GloboLakes (including Plymouth Marine Laboratory, University of Dundee, University of Reading)
Climate effects on water quality Impacts on water quality are an often-overlooked dimension of climate change
Cyanobacteria, nutrients and climate
20.0
• Cyanobacterial blooms occur annually
throughout the UK HxL HxM HxH
• Main drivers of blooms are nutrients 17.5
and climate (temperature and Biovolume (µm3 mL-3)
Temp (° C)
drought (flushing)) 0.0 x 107
15.0 MxL MxM MxH 2.5 x 107
5.0 x 107
• Blooms pose risks to water security 7.5 x 107
and human and animal health
12.5 Data: SEPA
LxL LxM LxH
Right: Effect of phosphorus and temperature on
cyanobacterial biovolume in Scotland [Data: SEPA] 10.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
log(TP)
Will warming promote blooms in UK? • UK lakes and reservoirs (>55ºN latitude) vulnerable to climate-related increases in blooms • But lack of systematic, proactive monitoring to detect climate-related changes in bloom occurrence Right: Effect of temperature and lake retention time on the occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms in European lakes [Richardson et al. 2018. Global Change Biology, 24(11)]
Monitoring water quality using Earth observation (EO)
• Can we develop a UK climate service for
bloom monitoring using EO?
• UK lakes too small to observe with ocean
colour satellites (e.g., S3 OLCI)
• Sentinel-2A/B MSI offers higher spatial
resolutions but poorer imaging
capabilities (e.g., no orange band for PC)
Right: ESA’s Sentinel-2A/B spacecraft carrying the 12 channel
MultiSpectral Instrument (MSI) sensor with spatial (pixel) resolution
of 10-60 m and 5-day revisit at equator (two satellites)
Credit: ESA
UKLO processing chain [v.1.0]
S2 L2 S2 L3
S2 L1c AWS S3
WLR Chla Bucket
Polymer Optical Water Ensemble of Mapping to grid
Google Earth atmospheric Type / Class chlorophyll and lake sub-
Engine correction Detection algorithms setting
13 4
OWTs OWCs
Masking + Algorithm
Weekly
Quality mapping to
aggregation
Control OWTs/OWCs
UKLO
Blending Data analytics
based on incl. bloom
membership detection [p90]
UK Lakes Observatory (UKLO) • Data produced and visualized weekly • Simple data analytics (e.g., bloom event monitoring, change detection) • Provision for real-time email/SMS alerts to water managers
Comparison against in-situ monitoring data
ALL OWC MATCH−UPS ALL OWC3 MATCH−UPS OWC3 MATCH−UPS [EXCLUDING WINTER]
150 150
150 R 2 = 0.613 , p < 0.001 R 2 = 0.645 , p < 0.001
2
R = 0.473 , p < 0.001
OWC1
100 100
OWC2
OWC3
OWC4
50 50
S2 MSI chl−a [mg m-3]
100
0 0
0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150
OWC3 MATCH−UPS [EARLY SEASON ONLY] OWC3 MATCH−UPS [BLOOM SEASON ONLY]
150 150
R 2 = 0.43 , p < 0.001 R 2 = 0.739 , p < 0.001
50
100 100
50 50
0
0 0
0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150 0 50 100 150
-3 -3 -3
SEPA/EA chl−a [mg m ] SEPA/EA chl−a [mg m ] SEPA/EA chl−a [mg m ]
Case study: Rescobie Loch
Rescobie Loch [wbid: 23192]
Bloom detection using Sentinel−2 MSI chlorophyll
150 60°N
Sentinel−2A
Chlorophyll a [mg m-3]
Sentinel−2B 58°N
In−situ 56°N
S2 MSI 54°N
100
52°N
50°N
6°W4°W2°W 0°
50
p80
p80
0
bloom
In−situ
no bloom
S2 MSI
bloom
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Case study: Esthwaite
Esthwaite Water [wbid: 29328] Water
Bloom detection using Sentinel−2 MSI chlorophyll [winter months excluded]
75
60°N
Sentinel−2A
Sentinel−2B
Chlorophyll a [mg m-3]
58°N
In−situ
S2 MSI 56°N
50 54°N
52°N
50°N
6°W4°W2°W 0°
25
p80
p80
0
bloom
In−situ
no bloom
S2 MSI
bloom
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021Future work • New atmospheric correction models, optical water classification schemes, and retrieval algorithms • Planet SuperDoves (Flock 4s) – 48 launched on SpaceX in January 2021 Right: Planet’s Dove nanosatellites with the spectral band configuration for the latest generation of ‘Super Doves’.
Integration with in-situ monitoring networks
• UK CEH Bloomin’ Algae citizen
science app
• Opportunities for public
engagement to integrate EO
observations into app
• Complementary (spatial
resolution) and supports cross-
validation ID: 7233755
Date: 14/07/2018
Location: Loch Leven north shore
Recorder:
• Smart IoT digital observatories Status: Accepted: correctSummary • Widens surveillance and increases likelihood of blooms being detected • Complementary to existing in-situ monitoring (agencies, citizens, IoT sensors) • Contribute to improved understanding of climate impacts on water quality at the UK-scale
Contact details
Website: www.ukclimateresilience.org
Twitter: @UKCRP_SPF
YouTube: UK Climate Resilience programme
The UK Climate Resilience programme is supported by the UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund.
The programme is co-delivered by the Met Office and NERC on behalf of UKRI partners AHRC, EPSRC, ESRC.You can also read
