COVID-19 AND MOBILITY: AN OVERVIEW FROM MALAYSIA - MASRIA MUSTAFA SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
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COVID-19 AND MOBILITY:
AN OVERVIEW FROM MALAYSIA
MASRIA MUSTAFA
SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING,
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA, MALAYSIA
Malaysia at a Glance
Population Gender balance
Total Area
• 330, 803 km2 (0.3% water)
Race
Age group
Household Size
4 person/ household
Source: Department of Statistics Malaysia
Malaysia – Transportation Overview
KLIA Ekspres KLIA Transit MRT
LRT KL Monorail Bus
Based on the Nielsen’s Global Survey of
Automotive Demand in 2014, Malaysia is Electric Train KTM
BRT
ranked third (93%) globally as the highest Services (ETS) Komuter
private car ownership and alarmingly, 54% of
Malaysian households have more than one
car
Malaysia – Covid-19 Cases
31 December 2020
Total Cases: 113,566
23 October 2021
Total Case: 2,426,050
Source: Ministry of Health, Malaysia
Malaysia – Active Covid-19 Cases Source: Ministry of Health, Malaysia
Malaysia – Vaccine Source: Ministry of Health, Malaysia
Movement Control Order
• Malaysian National Security Council
• Federal agency under the Prime Minister's Department
• Agency responsible for managing and co-ordinating the implementation of policies related to the security of Malaysia
2020 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Phase 1 18 March - 31 March 2020
Phase 2 1 April - 14 April 2020
Phase 3 15 April - 28 April 2020
Phase 4 29 April - 12 May 2020
Phase 5
13 May - 9 June 2020
Phase 6 10 June 2020 – 31 August 2020
Phase 7
1 Sept 2020 – 31 December 2020
Recovery Movement Control Order (1 January 2021 - 31 March 2021)
MCO by states (11 January 2021 - 31 May 2021)
Each states switch between MCO, Conditional(CMCO), Recovery(RMCO), Enhanced(EMCO), and semi-EMCO depending on the COVID-19 condition in each states.
Total lockdown (1 June 2021 - 28 June 2021)
National Recovery Plan (15 June 2021 - 31 December 2021)
Source: Malaysian National Security Council
Traffic Accident Rate
MCO Phase Date Days Accident Number Accident Rate/Day Fatal
18 March - 31 March 2020 14 5,498 392.7 58
Phase 1
1 April - 14 April 2020 14 4,693 335.2 56
Phase 2
Phase 3 15 April - 28 April 2020 14 6,011 599.7 65
Phase 4 29 April - 12 Mei 2020 7 3,174 453.4 29
5 Mei – 12 Mei 2020 8 5,904 738 68
Phase 5 (a)
13 Mei - 9 June 2020 29 25,251 870.7 231
Phase 5 (b)
Total 50,531 507
70% reduction in accident numbers recorded by the Road Transport Department (JPJ) during the first month of the MCO that started on
March 18 2020.
Source: Royal Malaysia Police as of 9 June 2020
P Hailing Riders
57%
stopping in
the yellow
box
5% 16%
making illegal beating the
U-turns 70% of red light
riders
disobey
rules
15%
7%
using the
riding against
handphone
traffic
while riding
Source: Malaymail/Thestar Source: Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS)
**P-hailing riders, which refers to the delivery of parcels and food via online applications using motorcycles
Public Transport
66% - Rapid Daily ridership between January - April
Bus
Rail Bus
2017 657,736 525,467
79.5%-BRT 2018 764,775 521,107
2019 842,686 461,356
75.7%-MRT
feeder bus
65% -
LRT/MRT/
Monorel
Source: Ministry of Transport, PrasaranaMobility Trends Reports - Malaysia
Retail and Grocery &
Country Statistics Parks Transit Station Workplace Residential
Recreation Pharmacy
Min -90 -67 -93 -88 -80 0
Average -40.40 -16.65 -42.42 -51.31 -30.37 17.01
Malaysia Max 0 27 33 10 7 47
SD 22.93 16.48 27.25 22.41 20.91 11.84
Source: https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility/Grocery Shopping Trend
None of the statement Before
I do not do grocery shopping myself; someone else does it for me
I get most of my meals delivered, and I rarely go to a grocery store
I mostly eat out or use take away services, and rarely go to a grocery store
I mainly order my groceries online and get them delivered as necessary (e.g. online supermarket)
I mainly get my groceries delivered on a regular basis (e.g. pre-ordered weekly delivery by…
I tend to buy a large quantity of grocery in stores once or twice a week or less often
I tend to buy a small quantity of grocery in stores many times a week
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Austria Japan Indonesia Malaysia
Other people now take care of my groceries, so I don't have to go shopping
During
I buy groceries for other people who should not expose themselves
I order groceries online more often than before
I have ordered groceries online for the first time because of Covid-19 outbreak
I buy larger quantities at once
I did not it change at all
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Austria Japan Indonesia Malaysia
Source: Own StudyMode of Transportation
Malaysia Indonesia Japan Austria
Before During Before Covid- During Covid- Before During Before During
Covid-19 Covid-19 19 19 Covid-19 Covid-19 Covid-19 Covid-19
Mode of transportation % % % % % % % %
On foot 2.48 1.51 12.96 12.99 42.21 45.89 50.67 49.98
By bicycle 0.00 0.17 3.09 2.60 12.83 11.98 14.57 10.49
By e-bike 0.22 0.25 0.00 0.87 2.90 2.64 0.99 0.92
By e-scooter 0.11 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.03
By motorcycle/ scooter 8.30 9.12 46.91 41.56 0.28 0.51 0.11 0.16
By public transport 1.08 0.25 4.94 0.43 5.52 2.94 4.87 0.64
By car (self-driving) 68.64 69.12 19.14 17.32 30.90 28.53 24.70 26.87
By car (fampooling) 14.44 9.04 4.94 3.46 4.55 4.06 2.58 3.89
By car (carpooling) 1.40 1.00 0.00 1.73 0.14 0.30 0.28 0.22
Taxi / Ride-sourcing 1.83 0.50 3.70 5.63 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.03
Park and ride 0.00 0.00 0.62 1.30 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00
Bike and ride 0.22 0.42 0.62 1.30 0.14 0.10 0.07 0.00
Kiss and ride 0.00 0.08 0.62 0.87 0.00 0.10 0.04 0.00
I didn't. 1.08 7.28 2.47 9.52 0.55 2.64 0.07 4.72
Other 0.22 1.17 0.00 0.43 0.00 0.10 0.99 2.04
Source: Own StudyHousehold Size - Mode of Transportation
Malaysia (Before) Malaysia (During)
Source: Own StudyActive Transport Initiatives Source: Bernama/NST
Perception on Active Transport
Before Covid-19. How often do you If you answered "Once a week or less," which of the following
take ACTIVE TRANSPORT to school prevent you from taking up walking or cycling (active transport)
/workplace? % more often? %
Everyday 13.3 Distance 78.0
4-6 times a week 6.6 No/poor bike lanes/bikeways (lane design, route, ramps etc.) 31.7
2-3 times a week 11.4 No/poor sidewalks (design, route, ramps etc.) 28.0
Once a week or less 60.5 Does not own a bicycle or bike in poor condition 38.4
Others : Never 8.1 Weather 58.5
Concern about bike theft 16.5
Health risk (air pollution, noise etc.) 22.6
Disability 3.7
Would you consider riding or
Poor active tranport support facilities (resting area, shelter
walking to school / workplace more
stations, bike parking, etc) 25.6
often if the above issues were
Do not know how to ride bike 4.9
resolved?
Feeling unsafe (accidents, crime, harassment, violence etc.) 41.5
Yes 59.7
Other 2.4
No 40.3
Maybe 0.0
Source: Own StudyMobility Shift
Work Travel
from Active E-
Private on
Mobility commerce
Home vehicles purpose
CultureMoving Forward
Economic Package
Economic stimulus package to Bottom 40%(B40) and Middle 40% (M40)
• Students at institutions of higher learning - RM200 per student
• MySalam hospitalisation benefit, B40 patients infected with Covid-19-19 are entitled for
income replacement claims of RM50 per day for a maximum of 14 days
Cash Assistance for E-
Public Transport
Hailing Drivers • My30 (RM30) Unlimited Travel Pass -
• A one-off cash assistance of for 30 days
RM500 to 120,000 e-hailing • Increasing public transport ridership- a
drivers in 2020 priority under 12th Malaysia Plan
• RM500 one-off assistance
under the Pemerkasa+
Telecommunication
programme in 2021 Services Incentives
• Free 1GB internet services to all
Road Safety customers during the MCO period
Road Safety Plan of Malaysia 2021-2030 streamline with National Policy starting 1 April 2020
Plan of Malaysia 2019-2030 • Update on Covid-19 everyday –
SMS/Social Media other media
• People should engage more often in multi-modal travel platform
• Change the concept from single-trip to trip-chain
• Built community and help each otherMoving Forward
Budget 2022
The Malaysian government’s Budget 2022 is anticipated to reflect an
inclusive, “Keluarga Malaysia” approach, in line with the policies and
strategies outlined in the 12th Malaysia Plan.
Budget 2022 will focus on recovery, rebuilding national resilience
and catalysing reform, to drive socio-economic recovery activities
and the national development agenda.
Date: 29 October 2021 Time: 4pm (MYT)Thank You
Assoc. Prof. Dr.-Ing Masria Mustafa
School of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,
40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia
Email: masria@uitm.edu.my Phone: +603 – 55436480You can also read
