A flavor of .. Superconducting Magnet Technology in Europe - Herman ten Kate - Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint ...

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 A flavor of……..
Superconducting Magnet Technology in Europe
 Herman ten Kate

 1

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 1. Content

• A flavor of remarkable magnet designs and realizations in Europe are presented that
 are relevant today.
• Disclaimer: by no means a full survey as too many interesting projects exist and can’t be
 presented in 45 minutes.
 High Field Facility magnets – Nijmegen and Grenoble
 MRI and NMR – Iseult and Bruker Biospin
 Fusion device magnets – ITER, Tokamak Energy, DTT
 Accelerators magnets – HL-LHC, FAIR at GSI
 Detectors magnets – LC, FCC, BabyIAXO, MadMax, AMS-100
 Magnets in a 3 MW wind turbine generator - EcoSwing
 2

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 2. Sc. Outserts for new 43 and 45 T hybrid magnets
 Nijmegen: On-axis field 45 T / 32 mm, 22 MW (new installation)
• Resistive Florida-Bitter type insert magnet 32.8 T @ 40 kA, 5 MJ
• Sc. Nb3Sn outsert makes 12.3 T in 620 mm bore at 20 kA, 55 MJ, layer
 wound magnet, graded in 3 sections, using 3 CICCs.
• Supercritical He cooling at 4.6 K
Collaboration with US-NHMFL: common CICC design, outsert fabrication
Outsert delivered, integrated, commissioning starting summer 2020.

 Grenoble: On-axis field 43 T / 34 mm / 24 MW (new outsert) Ø 2180

• Resistive poly Bitter + poly-helix inserts magnet generate 9 + 25.5 T
• Sc. NbTi/Cu cable in Cu channel outsert, makes 12.5 T @ 20 kA, 55 MJ

 1551
• Superfluid He stabilized at 1.9 K
Collaboration with CEA for design and Bilfinger Noell for coil winding
Outsert delivery early 2020, followed by system integration and Ø 1868
commissioning.
 3

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 3.1 MRI Magnet – 11.7 T in Iseult
Remarkable achievement in 1st of its kind R&D magnet for MRI brain
research in Paris, July 2019.
• A record magnetic field of 11.7 T in the Iseult MRI magnet
• CEA design, French-German collaboration, manufactured by GE-France
• 11.7 T in 900 mm bore, 338 MJ, 1483 A
• Cryostable NbTi/Cu cable embedded in Cu profile
• 170 sf-He wetted double pancakes at 1.8 K in
 main coils, 2 shielding coils
• Overall size 5.2 m long, 5 m diameter, 132 t
• System accepted, now being installed, 1st MRI
 pictures taken
• Next step? Some 3 14 T MRI projects initiated,
 (Boston, China, 1 in Europe)
 4

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 3.2 High Field NMR - 1.2 GHz / 28.3 T
Remarkable achievement in a commercially produced magnet

• August 2019, Bruker announced a record magnetic field of
 28.3 T in 2 NMR magnets in a series of at least 7 orders placed

• The magnet is a hybrid of NbTi, Nb3Sn, and ReBCO coils with a
 54 mm free bore

• Stepped up in magnetic field in recent years from
 1.0 GHz (23.5 T) to 1.1 GHz (25.9 T) to 1.2 GHz (28.3 T) today

 Now
 1.2 GHz,
 28.3 T

 5

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 4.1 Fusion magnets – ITER

International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor Energy Peak Conductor Weigth
 System # units
• Aiming at 500 MW fusion energy GJ field T length km t

• Started 1995, sited 2005 in Cadarache, France Toroidal Field 18 coils 41 11.8 82.2 6540
 Central 6
• At ̴ 60% of construction Solenoid modules
 6.4 13.0 35.6 974

• Superconductors done, coils in progress, next true Poloidal Field 6 coils 4 6.0 61.4 2163
 challenge is magnet system integration Correction Coils 9 pairs - 4.2 8.2 85
 48 coils 52 4-13 130 km
• 1st plasma ̴2027, ready for 1st fusion ̴2035 6

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Fusion magnets – ITER TF coils
EU task for Toroidal Field coils
• Double pancakes TF coils (70) made wound
 and impregnated
• Winding packs (10) assembly in progress,
 largely completed
• Insertion in coil casings of winding packs, in
 progress
 1st coil impregnation completed, ready for the casing

1st TF coil in casing, closing welding Coil casing completed, ready for the casing 7

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Fusion magnets – ITER PF coils
EU task for Poloidal Field Coils PF2-5
• Wind, stack, impregnate and complete the 4
 largest PF coils on site at Cadarache
• Other 2 small ones by RF and China, PF1&6
• Work in progress

 8

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 4.2 Fusion magnets – DTT, Divertor Tokamak Test-facility
• 6 T sc R&D tokamak
• At ENEA-Frascati/Italy
• Purpose: testing diverter
 concepts and techniques
 for next step DEMO
• Demonstration of a DEMO
 like heat exhaust system
• Since 30 Nov 2018, 7 years
 project, to be used medio
 2025
• 26 km of Nb3Sn and 16 km
 of NbTi based CICCs
 9

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Fusion magnets – DTT coils for PF, CS and TF
 Poloidal field coils Central Solenoid Toroidal Field Coils

 5.4 T
 NbTi 6m

9.1 T 4.4 T 11.9 T
Nb3Sn NbTi 13.4 T 8.5 T
 https://indico.cern.ch › attachments › CERN2019 10

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 4.3 Fusion magnets – Compact Tokamak System
Step 1: Step 3: Step 3a:
Validating approach Achieving fusion temperature HTS magnet: game changer

 !
 ST25
• Copper coils < 0.25 T
 • HTS non-isolation coil 24.4 T @ 21 K
• Hydrogen fuel
• Plasma pulse 3 ms Step 4:
 Achieving energy breakeven
 Step 2: • ST40 conditions
 Introducing HTS technology • 15 million °C
 Step 5:
• All HTS coils (2015) • 125 kA in the TF coils
 Delivering fusion power
• Plasma pulse 5 s • Field of 1.5 T at 0.4 m 11
 https://www.tokamakenergy.co.uk/

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 5.1 Nb3Sn Accelerator magnets for High-Luminosity LHC
• 6 Arc dipole magnets 1232 dipoles
 for bending
 6.752 m length, 11.23 T bore field,
 11.8 T peak at 11.85 kA
 386 quads
 for focusing
• 10 IR quadrupole magnets
 7.15 m length, 132.6 T/m gradient
 LHC
 ~ 6000
 11.4 T peak at 16.47 kA correctors

• 20 IR quad magnets, 4.2 m length, Insertion &
 produced in the US Final
 Focusing
 magnets

• In total some 40 cold masses to be installed in the LHC tunnel in 2023-24
 ATLAS and CMS
• Final Focusing Quadrupole magnets are vital for achieving the higher detector magnets
 luminosity.
 12

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Accelerator magnets – Record R&D magnets
• Nb3Sn dipole magnet
 development since
 1990
 Magnets
 with “bore”
• 16 T achieved in LBNL HD1
 magnets without bore
• Since 2014 “Fighting”
 11T models
 to arrive at 11 T
 production magnets CERN RMC
 with bore
• Main problems are
 degradation by coil
 handling (damage) and
 CERN/CEA FRESCA2
 training (disturbances)
 13

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Accelerator magnets – HL-LHC 11T dipoles & Quads
• 11T dipole magnet development since 5 more than
 years at CERN. Similar for Quads in US and CERN
• Finally this autumn 2019 the first long dipole magnet
 accepted with short training!
• Similar situation for quads, acceptable long magnet
 soon expected.

 Not acceptable long training in 11T dipole models Short training in “accepted” 1st 11T dipole
 14

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 5.2 High-Field Nb3Sn magnets - for FCC
• FCC 16 T dipole magnets
 conceptual magnet designs
 being developed with partners
• Nothing built yet, just exercises
 LHC FCC
 Circumference (km) 27 98
 LHC Dipole field (T) 8.3
 16
• Long term R&D for 2020-2040 4 dipoles @HL-LHC 11
 C.o.M. energy (TeV) 14 100

• Intensity and extend of the
 program will highly depend on
 the outcome of the European
 Strategy for High Energy Physics
 and its eventual endorsement
 by CERN council
 Flavor of FCC type 16 T dipole magnet conceptual designs by collaborators
 15

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 5.3 Nb3Sn Rutherford cables for accelerator magnets
For efficiency-cost-volume reasons current density in accelerator
windings must be at least some 400 A/mm2 at requested field:

• 8 T at LHC, 11 T for HL-LHC and 16 T for FCC
• Conductor Jc development underway for 1500 A/mm2 at 16 T, 1.9 K
• Goal reached in short wire sections

• Next step: maturing production, further increase to some 1800
 A/mm2 for achieving margin and robustness, and making long
 lengths

 Cos θ dipole magnet
Main issue is Surviving Transverse Pressure on cable wide face layout, winding pack
 and cable
 16

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Nb3Sn Rutherford cables under transverse pressure
• Critical current affected by pressure
• Reversible part due to lattice deflection
• Reversible part some 10-20% at 150 MPa!
• Irreversible damage, filament cracking
• Starts at some 150-200 MPa
Note: measured with pressure uniformly
applied, in real coil not the case, thus worse
to expect.

 Transverse pressure of some 150 MPa OK in perfectly impregnated cables,
 but Ic then some 20% less, eating from the margin, thus reduced stability!
 Strand and cable mechanical optimization possible to some extend, not
 more, a principle limit for not-reinforced Rutherford cables ! Filament cracking
 17

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 5.4 ReBCO - Dipole magnet demonstrators towards 20 T
ReBCO dipole development
at CEA
• Design for full-size dipole
 variants
• Demonstration racetrack
 coil reached 5.37 T EUCARD-1

ReBCO Feather series dipole insert development magnets at CERN
• Coil 1: using SuperOx/SuNAM type Roebel cable, reached 3.35 T
• Coil 2: using Bruker type Roebel cable, presently at test, so far > 4.1T
• Further coils planned and test in Fresca2 background field

 18

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 5.5 FAIR at GSI – Dipole and Quads status
Facility for Antiproton & Ion Research • 108 dipoles
 • 303 quadrupoles,
 sextupole and
 corrector magnets

 Budker Institute of
 CBM Nuclear Physics

 PANDA CBM
 APPA
 • 4 quadrupoles

 HESR SuperFRS
 R3B-GLAD

 Budker Institute
 • 24 dipoles
 of Nuclear CR • 135 quadrupoles,
 Physics
 NuSTAR sextupoles &
 corrector magnets

 19

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 FAIR at GSI - SIS100 Magnet production status
Dipole Magnets Quadrupole Magnets Doublets Modules

• Number of magnets: 108 • First of Series Module is being tested 1/83
• Manufactured and tested: 54 (50%) • In total 83 Quadrupole Doublets Modules
• Magnetic field: 1.9 T • Each module: 2 units including Quadrupole, Steering
• Ramp rate: 4 T/s magnets and beam diagnostic device
• Magnet length: 3.1 m • 11 types of Quadrupole Doublets Modules
• Curvature radius: 52.6 m • Operational current of quadrupole magnets: 10.5 kA
• Nominal operational current: 13.1 kA • Operation current of steering magnets: 250 A
 20

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.1 Future Circular Collider - options
 FCC-hh
Program maximizing
physics opportunities
• Stage 1: FCC-e-e+ as
 first generation Higgs
 factory.
• Stage 2: FCC-hh
 ~100 TeV, highest
 energy frontier,
 ions & eh options. LHC FCC
• Ambitious high-field Circumference (km) 27 98 FCC-ee
 magnet R&D program Dipole magnet field (T) 8.3 16
 Collision energy (TeV) 14 100
• Common infrastructure
• Integrated project,
 compliant with HL-
 LHC exploitation,
 seamless continuation
 of HEP in Europe.
 21

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.2 Magnets for FCC e-e+ collisions detectors
For FCC-e-e+ two detector designs are proposed:
• a 2 T solenoid around the calorimeter, essentially a downscaled CLIC design, not further
 presented here
• a challenging 2 T solenoid “ultra-thin & transparent” around the tracker, accepted as
 baseline

 CLIC style downscaled
 2 T Solenoid IDEA detector, innovative thin solenoid around tracker
 22

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Solenoid inside or outside the calorimeter
Motivation:
• Magnetic field is only required
 in the tracker + muon chambers,
 but most stored magnetic
 energy (some 80%) is wasted in
 the calorimeter space!

Obvious savings when coil is
positioned inside:
• Factor ≈ 4.2 in stored energy
• Factor ≈ 2.1 in cost!

But design is not obvious and Solenoid outside or inside calorimeter?
requires R&D and a demonstrator.
 23

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Solenoid for the “ultra-thin” IDEA detector
Requirements:
• 2 T in thin Solenoid with
 radiation length X0 < 1 in radial
 direction!
• Radial envelope < 300 mm.
• Magnetized iron for muon
 detection.

Strategy:
 Reduce thickness of cold mass.
 Reduce thickness of cryostat.
 Magnetic flux return by a light IDEA detector (International Detector Electron Accelerators),
 return yoke. an innovative thin solenoid around tracker
 24

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.3 FCC-proton-proton collisions Detector - Baseline

Main solenoid: Forward Solenoids (forward dipole is an option):
• Trackers and calorimeters inside bore, • Tracker inside solenoid
 supported by the bore tube • Forward calorimeters after forward solenoids
• Muon chambers (for tagging) as outer • Enclosed by radiation shield
 layer in barrel region • Muon station behind
 25

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 4T/10m-bore Solenoid with 4T Forward Solenoids

Concept:
• 4 T in 10 m free bore
• Magnetic shielding not required
• 60 MN net force on forward solenoids handled by axial tie rods.
Result:
• Stored energy: 14 GJ, energy density 12 kJ/kg
• Main solenoid cold mass 1070 t, forward solenoids 48 t
• Lowest degree of complexity from a cold-mass perspective
• But with significant stray field to be coped with. 26

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.4 Al stabilized conductors for Detector Magnets
For maximum MPZ, stability, minimum weight and maximum particle transparency
• Simplicity of conduction cooling, affordable since no dynamic operation, quasi stationary
• High-purity Al stabilized, RRR 2000, maximum MPZ (m), much larger λ/ρ than copper!
• Particle transparency for minimum particle scattering
• But higher collision energy implies larger dimension, tracking length and field (BL2), thus
 higher coil winding stress, requiring conductor reinforcement (pure Al yields at 17 MPa)

 Increase of section for larger detectors ATLAS conductor 65kA@5T,4.2K ATLAS magnet system, 4T/22m, 1.6 GJ
 27

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 How to reinforce pure Al ? - Proven solution and R&D
Option 1 Option 2
Micro-alloy pure Al with Ni or Zn Reinforce with Al-alloy side bars, EB-welded to the
Used in the ATLAS Solenoid pure Al of the NbTi/Cu/Al conductor

 Using Al 6082 T6 Using Al 7020/7068
 (Used in CMS Solenoid) (R&D for FCC-IDEA)

 Al+0.1wt% Ni stabilizer Al7068

 ATLAS Solenoid
 2 T, 7.7 kA, 2.4 m x 5.3
 m

 FCCee IDEA
 28 28

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 Super-Conductors for 4T/10m detector solenoids
 Main solenoid conductor Forward solenoid
 Al-0.1Ni conductor

62.5 mm 38.3 mm
 NbTi/Cu:
 40 x Ø 1.5 mm

 65.3 mm
 B 48.6 mm
 Main Forward
 Solenoid Solenoid
 Next generation of Aluminum-stabilized Rutherford Current [kA] 30 30
 conductors for 30 to 40 kA at 5 T: Self-inductance [H] 28 0.9
 Layers x turns 8 x 290 6 x 70
 • Peak magnetic field on conductor 4.5 T Conductor length [km] 83 2 x 7.7
 • Current sharing temperature 6.5 K Bending strain [%] 0.57 0.68

 • 2 K temperature margin when operating at 4.5 K
 • Nickel-doped Aluminum (≥0.1 wt.%) combining good electrical properties (RRR 600)
 with mechanical properties, 146 MPa conductor yield strength
 29

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.5 Detector magnets – Axions search with BabyIAXO

 Principle of Solar Axion detection IAXO: D4 x L20, 8 bores, 2.5T/660MJ BabyIAXO: L10m, 2 bores, 2.5T

BabyIAXO, pathfinder for IAXO, fully functional solar axions detector
• 10 m long racetrack coils, NbTi/Cu - Al stabilized conductor, 10 kA, 50 MJ
• Cryocooler operated at 4.5 K using 2 single stage and 4 double stage units
• BabyIAXO production starting this year
• Designed by CERN, installation foreseen at DESY-Hamburg
• In construction design phase, realization in next 5-10 years
 30

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.6 Detector magnets – Axions search with MadMax
 3.8

 40×
 Ø1.37mm
 34.3
 Ø=6 mm
 2.1

 NbTi/Cu Rutherford cable in Copper bar,
MadMax Dipole for Axions Magnetic field in 1.35m bore sf He in 6 mm hole for cryo-stability

Proposed Axions – dark matter Experiment by MPI-MadMax Collaboration, installation at DESY Hamburg
• In magnetic field Axion decay to photons detection requiring a large bore dipole magnet
• Largest high-field dipole design, ultimate use of cryostable sf He containing NbTi/Cu conductor at 1.9 K
• 1.35 m bore, 5 m long, 50 A/mm2, 9.87 T, peak field, 480 MJ, 1.9 K
• In advanced design phase, realization in next 5-10 years
 31

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 6.7 Detector magnets – Spectrometer in space AMS-100
Spectrometers for cosmic rays analysis in space, now one: AMS-2
• Following AMS-2 results, factor 10 in energy requested
• Position a new one in Lagrange Point-2, 1.5 Mkm from earth
• 1 T, 4 m bore, 6 m long, 75 m3, 40 MJ, 50 K operation
• Ultra-thin & transparent, for 4 acceptance, few mm only!
• Torque compensated with a foldable 12 m bore outer coil
• Fully automatic, rocket launch resistant and size-compatible
• ReBCO tape based controlled-insulation coil technology
• 22 tapes // for main coil, 2 tapes // for compensation coil
• 1st step is a reduced scale path finder system
• Some 200 km of 12 mm tape required
• Just started, development and realization in next 10-15 years!
• NASA & ESA very interested in HTS coils in space for
 development of magnetically shielded rockets for long missions.
 32

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

7. EcoSwing – 1st Sc. wind turbine
 • Demonstration of a full-scale 3 MW direct-
 drive superconducting wind generator
 • Installation on an existing modern wind
 turbine in Thyborøn, Denmark and got for 1st
 time unique field experience
 • 4 m OD, 30 t, 15 rpm, 40 HTS racetrack coils,
 operating at 30 K using 9 rotating cryocoolers

 Old and new generator
 in same casing
 33

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 EcoSwing - Turbine coils production, assembly and test

40x 1.4m coils (43 built, 91% yield), 48 kg 500 m of 12 mm ReBCO, 20 km in total, tested at 30 K, mounted
on rotor, mass 30 t, 9 rotating cryocoolers, 14 days cool down to 22 K, excitation in steps up to 3 MW.

  First time ever!
  Achieved target output
 power ~3 MW
  More than 650 h of grid
 operation
  More than half year problem-
 free cryogenic operation
  Waiting for next initiative......
 34

IEEE CSC & ESAS SUPERCONDUCTIVITY NEWS FORUM (global edition), February 2020.
 Plenary presentation PT-3 given at ACASC/Asian-ICMC/CSSJ Joint Conference, 6-9 January 2020, Okinawa, Japan.

 8. Conclusion
A selection of remarkable superconducting magnets
under development in Europe were presented, a few to remind….

 43 and 45 T hybrids in Grenoble and Nijmegen respectively

 11.7 T/900 mm bore MRI and 28.3 T NMR demonstrated

 Fusion: ITER magnets coming in, new DTT R&D tokamak, HTS@Tokamak Energy

 Accelerators: HL-LHC Dipoles and Quads maturing, FAIR dipole production at 50%, 1st Quad

 Detector magnets: FCC ee and hh versions, ultra-transparent
 solenoids, BabyIAXO & MadMax, AMS-100 ReBCO solenoid in space

 Sc wind turbines: success of 3 MW ReBCO based EcoSwing…………
 35
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