ART TOK 12 - DHAYDOCK.ORG
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Art ToK 12
What is the purpose of
Art?
Key questions • What is art? • What is the purpose of art? • By what standard can art be judged? • What is the relationship between art and truth? • In terms of art as an Area of Knowledge, how is the relationship between art and truth similar to and different from the relationship between truth and the other AoKs?
A.
Audio Clip B
C
Audio Clip D
E
F. Answer based on the object pictured not the picture
G. Answer based on the object pictured not the picture
H
I
C
JK
L
M
N
O
P
A.Polish Nobleman, Rembrandt, 1637
B.Bartok, SQ no. 4 movement IV
C.Thomas Kinkade, Flower Arch in a Country Cottage
D.Katy Perry, Roar
E.Levi’s comercial, 2012
F. Half Dome
List of
G.Cheerios box c. 1990
H.Our Galaxy's Magnetic Field from Planck image Credit & Copyright: ESA/
Planck; Acknowledgement: M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, CNRS – IAS, U. Paris-XI
works I. Andy Warhol, 32 Campbells Soup Cans, 1962
J. Kazimir Malevich, Black Square,White on White, Red Square
K.Leni Riefenstahl, Triumph of the Will, 1934
L.Pablo Picaso, Guernica, 1937
M.Jackson Pollack, Lavender Mist, 1950
N.Petroglyph from Southern Arizona
O.Andres Serrano, Piss Christ, 1987
P. Marcell Duchamp, Fountain, 19171. Art should make people think
2. Art should show some sort of feeling or emotion
3. Art should be original, unique or newThe purpose of art and knowledge issues
• The creation of beauty/pleasure
• Mimesis/Imitation
• To enable us to feel what others feel/empathy/
understanding of the human condition
“To evoke in oneself a feeling one has once experienced, and having evoked it
in oneself, then, by means of movements, lines, colors, sounds, or forms
expressed in words, so to transmit that feeling that others may experience the
same feeling - this is the activity of art.”
• To create imaginary laboratories in which
experiments on the human condition can be
conducted
• To teach/inform what is right and wrong
• To createAesthetics
A particular theory or conception of
beauty or art. Aesthetics answers three
questions:
1.What makes something a work of art?
2.What do we learn from it?
3.What value does this work have?
Slides 21-30 were adapted from materials from the Warhol museum. Accessed on
2.10.15 at http://www.warhol.org/education/resourceslessons/Aesthetics-Lesson-4--
Theories/3 definitions for aesthetics: 1. a particular taste for, or approach to, what is pleasing to the senses--especially sight; 2. a branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of art and beauty; 3. a particular theory or conception of beauty or art.
• Representation (imitation, realism,
Aesthetic mimesis)
Theories: • Expressionism (emotionalism)
• Formalism
• Communication of moral and religious
ideas
• Symbolic (non-verbal) communication
• Instrumentalism
• Institutionalism
Material adapted from Julie Van Camp, Professor of Philosophy, California State University, Long Beach,
presentation Teaching Aesthetics. http://www.csulb.edu/~jvancamp/multi/index.htmlThe essence of art is to
Representation picture or portray reality.
(imitation, realism, Good art mirrors the world,
imitating nature or some
mimesis): ideal form.
Martin Johnson Heade,
Thunderstorm at the Shore,
c. 1870-1871, oil on paper
mounted on canvas attached
to panel 15 3/4 x 23 3/4 in.
Carnegie Museum of Art,
Howard N. Eavenson
Memorial FundExpressionism (emotionalism):
The essence of art is expression of the
inner emotions, feelings, moods, and
mental states of the artist. Good art
effectively and sincerely brings these
inner states to an external
objectification.
Willem de Kooning,
Woman VI, 1953
Oil on canvasThe essence of art is “significant
Formalism: form” - lines, shapes, colors, and
other formal properties of the
work; representation, expression,
and other subject matter are
irrelevant. Good art uses formal
elements to trigger an “aesthetic
emotion” in sensitive observers.
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1974,
Stainless steel and Plexiglas
8 x 194 1/2 x 14 in. Carnegie Museum of Art, Purchase:
gift of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Denby, by exchangeCommunication of moral and
religious ideas:
The essence of art is the
communication of
important moral and
religious values from the
artist to the observer.
Good art is a form of
sincere communication
by the artist that “infects”
the observers with those
important moral ideas.
Simon Bening, St. Gertrude de Nivelles, from the Hours of
Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg (1490-1545), Archbishop and
Elector of Mainz c. 1522-1523, opaque water-based paint
mounted on board 7 x 5 in. Carnegie Museum of Art, Bequest of
Howard A. NobleSymbolic (non-verbal)
communication: The essence of art is the
communication of important
ideas and other knowledge
through symbolic (non-
verbal) languages. Good art
communicates its meaning
effectively through this non-
verbal language.
Jacob Ochtervelt, Lady with Servant and Dog, c. 1671-1673, oil
on canvas, 27 1/8 x 22 7/8 in. Carnegie Museum of Art, Henry
Lee Mason Memorial FundInstrumentalism: The essence of art is
its usefulness in
helping us to
comprehend and
improve our overall
life experiences.
Good art is always a
means to some
important end.
Romare Bearden, Pittsburgh Memories, 1984, collage on
board, 28 5/8 x 23 1/2 in. Carnegie Museum of Art, Gift of Mr.
and Mrs. Ronald R. Davenport and Mr. and Mrs. Milton A.
WashingtonInstitutionalism: Art is determined by status
conferred upon it by the
institutions of the art world
not by an observable
property in the artwork
Andy Warhol, Brillo
Soap Pads Box, 1964,
silkscreen ink and
itself.
house paint on
plywood, 17 x 17 x 14
in. ©AWF
Barry Le Va, On Corner - On
Edge - On Center Shatter
(Within the Series of Layered
Pattern Acts), 1968-1971,
twenty sheets of glass 59 x 79 in.
( 91 x 150 x 201 cm) Carnegie
Mellon Art Gallery FundKnowledge issues • Whereas most other areas of knowledge have some concepts of right and wrong (whether in methods or outcomes) art resists this. To what extent can art then reveal truth? • If art is simply about creation, is art a celebration of power? • Do artists have the same ethical obligations that constrain other AoKs? • How does non-representational art contribute to knowledge of the world?
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