Public-Private Engagement in Japan - Activities based on the Meteorological Service Act and a new consortium: WXBC - WMO Library
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Public-Private Engagement in Japan - Activities based on the Meteorological Service Act and a new consortium: WXBC - Tatsuya KIMURA Director, Public Awareness and Partnerships Division Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)
Outline • Meteorological Service Act • Efforts to Ensure Quality of Data & Private Services Observation and Verification Entrustment; Tech Stds, Notification & Verification; Guidance; Big Data Forecasting Data provision; Licensing for Forecasting Services; Certified Weather Forecaster System • A New Hope: WXBC, a new consortium 2
Meteorological Service Act of Japan (1/3) • 106 articles, established in 1952 and revised more that 30 times • Prescribed duties: JMA DG duties reflecting the organization’s mission are defined to help JMA fulfill its obligations to WMO Members. • The Meteorological Service Act clarifies the different roles to be played by the public sector (in this case, JMA) and by the private and academic sectors. • Specifically, Article 23 highlights JMA's sole authority with the restrictive specification, "No party other than JMA shall issue warnings". 3
Meteorological Service Act of Japan (2/3) Article 1 of the Act says,,, • The purpose of this Act is to ensure the sound development of meteorological services*# by prescribing basic systems concerning meteorological services, and thereby to contribute to the promotion of public welfare such as prevention of disaster, securing of traffic safety, and prosperity of industries and to offer international cooperation concerning meteorological services. * Article 46 of the Act for the Establishment of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) also stipulates that the mission of the Japan Meteorological Agency is to ensure the sound development of meteorological services. # Meteorological services include private services 4
Meteorological Service Act of Japan (3/3) • The act is also intended to optimize commercial opportunities for private meteorological services in Japan. • Major stipulations related to private services include the specification of JMA’s authority for: Observation and verification -> Slide 7 & 8 (a major revision to the Act in 2001) Licensing for forecasting services, including relevant Certified Weather Forecasters’ roles & data provision -> Slide 9, 10 & 11 (a major revision to the Act in 1993 followed by repeated deregulation) For further details, see the following web site. http://www.japaneselawtranslation.go.jp/law/detail/?printID=&ft=1&re=01&dn=1&co=01&ky=%E6% B0%97%E8%B1%A1%E6%A5%AD%E5%8B%99%E6%B3%95&page=1&vm=02 5
Efforts to Ensure Quality of Data & Private Services (1/5) Observation (Articles 4 - 12) & Verification System (Articles 27 – 34) (1/2) The following regulations are indispensable to conduct observations efficiently or to prevent confusion in one of the most disaster-prone nations like Japan. Entrustment • Article 5 stipulates that JMA may entrust group(s) or individual(s) with (i) observations of phenomena and (ii) provision of the results. → E.g., JMA has entrusted municipalities and the private sector with observation at most of the airports. Technical Standards, Notification & Verification • Article 6 stipulates that observations intended for announcements and DRR must follow technical standards, and installation of such observation stations shall be notified to JMA. • Article 9 requires observations performed in compliance Facilities for Verification: with the above-mentioned technical standards Verified instruments must be to use instruments verified by a registered body. used for announcement- 6 and DRR-purpose observation.
Efforts to Ensure Quality of Data & Private Services (2/5) Observation (Articles 4 - 12) & Verification System (Articles 27 – 34) (2/2) (cont'd) Guidance • Article 10 authorizes JMA to provide guidance on observations. → E.g., JMA provides a variety of guidance manuals; latest renewal was in March, taking account of increase in privately observed data. Latest recommendation (JMA 2030 Vision) by a JMA advisory body calls for: further integrated usage of observation data obtained/collected by various bodies, by overcoming challenges such as ensuring of data quality and development of big-data utilization technology. 7
Efforts to Ensure Quality of Data & Private Services (3/5) Data Provision to the Private Sector (Articles 24-28 – 24-33) • JMA actively engages in open-data activities. • Since 1995, JMA provides most of the data/information it collects and/or formulates to the private sectors at cost for commercial usage, via JMBSC (a designated public foundation). • Fee structures are revised every three years. • Number of users: Approximately 300 (as of March 2018) 8
Efforts to Ensure Quality of Data & Private Services (4/5) Licensing for Forecasting Services (Articles 17 – 22) • Any party intending to provide forecasting services A wide variety of must be licensed by JMA’s DG. private weather service customers • This provision is intended to meet the general public interest and to ensure social order and security. • Standards for licensing are defined in relation to Ship routing facilities and personnel* involved in data collection and analysis and to receive warnings (*See the Certified Weather Forecaster System information in Farming the next slide). • A total of 73 commercial entities are licensed to Manufacturing issue weather forecasts in Japan. Health Construction ! Retail & Daily life Tourism Energy 9 Transportation
Efforts to Ensure Quality of Data & Private Services (5/5) Certified Weather Forecaster System (Articles 24-2 – 24-27) • Commercial entities licensed to provide weather forecasts must employ Certified Weather Forecasters, with the requisite levels of expertise to perform the core part of forecasting (i.e., prediction of phenomena). • The above stipulation is intended to ensure the quality of private weather services. • The national Certified Weather Forecaster exam is held twice a year (average pass rate: 5.6%) . Most of weathermen or weatherwomen in Japan are qualified 10 as a Certified Weather Forecaster!
However,,, • Sales of private weather service companies in Japan have slowed down… • Working-age population decreases… • Big-data era came. 気象事業者の年間総売上高と事業者数の推移 • There must be an enormous amount of room for users to utilize weather data along with other big data for analysis and prediction… Why don’t we start a new project to improve productivity and providing a range of services based on the combination of weather information with various types of big data and advanced technology? 11
A New Hope (1/5) Weather Business Consortium (WXBC) • The Weather Business Consortium (WXBC) was established on 7 March, 2017, in Tokyo, Japan, by public, private and academic sectors including current and potential meteorological data users. • JMA functions as the consortium’s secretariat via the newly established Office of Public-Private-Academic Collaboration (under me!). Group photo at 1st Weather Biz Forum Minister Keiichi ISHII at 2nd Weather Biz Forum 12
A New Hope (2/5) Weather Business Consortium (WXBC) To put it formally,,, • Purpose: to drive commerce involving intensive usage of meteorological data in technologies such as IoT and AI via extensive joint efforts in the public, private and academic sectors, thereby enhancing socio-economic productivity in Japan • Number of Members: 416 (as of 3 October, 2018) To put it very informally,,, • Now rebooting weather-for-business activities in Japan for advanced use of weather data in business involving new users 13
A New Hope (3/5) Weather Business Consortium (WXBC) From the basics to Dialogues & business matching I’ll go in actual application We’ve got with that. That’s it! WXBC detailed model prediction… How 'bout using Seminars & Why don’t Himawari? trainings we use them altogether? Training Session for Weather Data Analysis 14 Weather Biz Idea Contest
A New Hope (4/5) Weather Business Consortium (WXBC) • Major activities: organization of major fora, seminars, training sessions, idea contests and matching events based on decisions, discussions and dialogue from the organization’s Congress, Governing Board and working groups (Human Resource Development WG and New Business WG) • JMA supports members’ commercial activities both as the secretariat and via further provision of meteorological data based on commercial needs, as well as improving data usage environments and promoting deregulation. 15
A New Hope (5/5) Weather Business Consortium (WXBC) • Typical example of emerging commercial application: advanced utilization of Himawari imagery for pasture grass harvesting in Hokkaido, Japan Solar Himawari radiation Imagery prediction I wanna eat yummy grass… How can I efficiently New data and support Definitely not wet deploy combine I’ll go in with that. That’s it! nor damaged… harvesters in foggy We’ve got detailed model How 'bout areas? prediction… using Himawari? It’s so difficult to Why don’t predict and grasp we use them altogether? how fog comes in from sea... A WXBC Member (Agricultural expert) 16
Summary • My presentation highlighted JMA’s efforts to increase socio-economic productivity in Japan. • JMA actively promotes the sound development of private meteorological services and facilitates further advanced use of meteorological data by the private sector through a variety of initiatives, including public-private partnerships within a new consortium called WXBC. 17
Thank you for your attention! tkimura@met.kishou.go.jp (tatsuya.kimura@gmail.com) 18
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