Monitoring temperature and quality of Australian mango exports to China ECR study - Mango Quality Project - Yiru Chen Department of Agriculture ...
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Monitoring temperature and quality of
Australian mango exports to China
ECR study – Mango Quality Project
Yiru Chen
Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland
19 – 21 March 2019
Overview
Introduction
Methodology
Real-world monitoring trial
Lab-based simulation trial
Results
Real-world monitoring trial
Lab-based simulation trial
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
© Griffith University 2018 2
Introduction
Aim
To evaluate the use of a rapid assessment methodology to assess,
describe and improve fresh mango fruit quality in export supply chains from
Australia to China
Studies
Real-world monitoring trial
technically monitor temperature along mango export supply chain and assess
Australian mango, R2E2, outturn quality in Guangzhou, China
Lab-based simulation trial
test the newly established Mango Quality Manual
reporting consequences for quality of different mango varieties in a sea export
scenario to China under simulated supply chain conditions
Mentors & collaborators
Daryl Joyce & Noel Ainsworth, Dept. Agriculture & Fisheries, Queensland
Prof Hongxia, South China Botanical Gardens research team (CAS)
© Griffith University 2018 3
Methodology
Real-world monitoring trial
R2E2 mangoes (Manbulloo Ltd.) were
harvested, VHT treated and sea freighted Front
Brisbane to Shenzhen, China
Data from temperature loggers captured from
(Xsense®HiTag2™) 9 sample trays were
collected before the container was loaded in
Australia
Fruit samples (27 trays) were transported to
SCBG lab in Guangzhou within 5 hours for
assessment
Conducted in Dec 2017 Back
Team – 1 x AU & 2 x Chinese researchers
© Griffith University 2018 4
Methodology
Real-world monitoring trial
Fruit quality was assessed using the project
manual at importer and retailer stage
Days to end of shelf life for individual fruit
were recorded
End of shelf life equals to:
• over-soft (firmness score 5)
• presence of rot or any level of chilling
injury
• severe skin defects, e.g. black blemish,
under-skin browning (defect score 2 or
lower)
© Griffith University 2018 5
Methodology
Lab-based simulation trial
Fruit sample source: Ian Bally, NMBP,
Walkamin, NQ
Mango varieties:
• Commercial: R2E2 (harvested on 8 Jan 19)
• Parent: Van Dyke (harvested on 19 Dec 18)
• New: NMBP1243 (harvested on 19 Dec 18) R2E2
NMBP1243
Ethrel solution (1000μL/L) was used for 10-
minute dipping
Air temperature loggers (Verigo©Pod temp
& RH) were used
Conducted from Dec 2018 to Feb 2019
Team – Yiru & Noel
© Griffith University 2018 Van Dyke Dipping fruit 6
Methodology
Lab-based simulation trial
Control Treatment
Day 1: Intake, Dry matter (allocate mango samples),
Weight, Visual quality, Skin colour, Hand firmness
14 days’ storage
Day 3,5,… Check
ripeness, whole fruit Day 15,17, … Check
and cut fruit (eating ripeness, whole fruit
ripe) assessment and cut fruit (eating
ripe) assessment
Record days to end of shelf life and the
Ideally simplified export chains by sea
primary reason
© Griffith University 2018 7
Results
Real-world monitoring trial
Temperature variation was up to
4°C within pallets and up to 2°C
between pallets
• There were larger
temperature variations
between layers in the middle
pallet compared to the front
and back pallets.
• Temperature of bottom layer
of pallets stayed consistently
closer to the target 13°C.
© Griffith University 2018 8
Results
Real-world monitoring trial
Visual quality Skin colour (yellow/green) & hand firmness
• Visual quality data was not very reliable as
the criteria is still under development • There was variation in skin colour both within
and between pallets. Fruit from the top layer of
• The overall visual quality was high except
the pallets were generally greener than the
some individual fruits with unacceptable
middle and bottom layers (especially in the
defects such as rot, black blemish and skin
browning middle pallets)
• Trays at bottom layer had lower visual • Variation in firmness was also large especially
quality average score while top layers had between pallets, fruit in front pallet was much
higher score firmer than those in centre and back pallets
© Griffith University 2018 9
Results
Real-world monitoring trial
Average shelf life* (days) between and within pallets (from the time
atmosphere was established in the container through to arrival at
importer)
• Fruit at middle and bottom layer in front pallet had longest residual shelf life (RSL) in
average, while the middle layer tray in centre pallet had the shortest RSL
• There is no significant variations on RSL between pallets
• Fruit was judged as the end of RSL due to softness (73.7%) and unacceptable
defects (26.3%)
© Griffith University 2018 10Results
Lab-based simulation trial
Temperature loggers were not
inserted until they were packed
up for transport
Fruit samples were well cooled
down before the trial
Temperature of the cold room
was well controlled between 12.8
to 13.9°C
Ripening room temperature
fluctuated from 21.3 to 22.9°C
© Griffith University 2018 11Results
Lab-based simulation trial
Dry matter Weight loss
• Fruit dry matter varies significantly • Among three varieties, Van Dyke had the
between varieties (different harvest time lowest weight loss, NMBP1243 was
& inherent nature) similar to R2E2
© Griffith University 2018 12Results
Lab-based simulation trial
Visual quality
Treatment Variety Day 1 Day 8 • Fruit visual quality decreased with time
20°C
R2E2
Van Dyke
4.3 ± 0.2
4.2 ± 0.2
3.9 ± 0.1
-
passing
NMBP1243 4.3 ± 0.2 4.0 ± 0.1
Day 1 Day 15 • It seems the new variety would have
14°C
R2E2
Van Dyke
3.9 ± 0.1
4.5 ± 0.2
3.7 ± 0.2
4.2 ± 0.1
higher visual quality score than R2E2
NMBP1243 4.2 ± 0.1 4.3 ± 0.2
Skin colour
Treatment Variety Day 1 Day 3 Day 7 Day 8 Day 9 Day 11 Day 13
• Fruit skin colour of variety Van
R2E2 1.3 1.7 3.8 - 4.3 4.7 5.0 Dyke and 1243 changed quickly
20°C Van Dyke 1.8 - - 5.0
NMBP1243 1.9 - - 5.0 when ripening
Day 1 … Day 15 Day 17 Day 21 Day 23
14°C
R2E2
Van Dyke
1.0
1.0
14 days
storage
2.6
3.8
3.3
5.0
4.6 5.0
• 14-day storage at 14°C delayed
NMBP1243 1.0 (14°C) 4.9 5.0 fruit ripening
© Griffith University 2018 13Results
Lab-based simulation trial
Hand firmness
• 1243 fruit softened quickly than the other two
• 14-day storage at 14°C delayed fruit softening at early stage, but fruit softened
more quickly after removal to 20°C
© Griffith University 2018 14Results
Lab-based simulation trial
Shelf life and reasons
• R2E2 softness (45%)
spongy stem (39%)
rot (13%)
• Van Dyke brown blemish (57%)
softness (23%)
rot (14%)
• NMBP1243 softness (79%)
rot (14%)
insect sting (7%)
© Griffith University 2018 15Conclusion
The manual developed by this project can be used in-market at importer
& retailer level, covering different varieties (e.g. commercial, parent, new
cultivars)
Simulation trial methodology is feasible.
‘R2E2’ fruit had similar shelf life from harvest to ESL in two trials (real-world: ~
33days, lab: ~ 30 days)
Compared with ‘R2E2’, it seems possible to export variety ‘Van Dyke’
(longer SL) and ‘NMBP1243’ (similar SL) to China by sea
More trials to be done to confirm this conclusion
© Griffith University 2018 16Recommendations
Repeat the trial to prove some conclusions
Test ‘R2E2’ mango from same source in two trials
Harvest fruit samples at same time
Try to keep fruit dry matter at similar levels for
different varieties
More mango varieties from different countries could
be tested in this methodology to validate the manual
© Griffith University 2018 17ECR program learnings …
Measure fruit dry matter first to allocate sample
trays
Dipping system/equipment
Taste to judge fruit ripeness stage
RSL judgment: firmness, defects, visual
appearance (e.g. Van Dyke)
Technologies e.g. NIX pro colour sensor, digital
firmness meter
Time management
© Griffith University 2018 18References
Holmes et al. 2009, Mango quality assessment manual
Project developed Mango Quality Manual
Campbell, J, Ledger, S, Campbell, T, and Barker, L, Handling and ripening mangoes in export
markets, training for supply chain members Version 1.0, Department of Primary Industries and
Fisheries.
Joyce, DC & Shorter, AJ 1994, 'High-temperature conditioning reduces hot water treatment injury
of Kensington Pride mango fruit', HortScience, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 1047-51.
Travers, S, Bertelsen, MG & Kucheryavskiy, SV 2014, 'Predicting apple (cv. Elshof) postharvest
dry matter and soluble solids content with near infrared spectroscopy', Journal of the Science of
Food and Agriculture, vol. 94, no. 5, pp. 955-62.
Fresh Fruit & Vegetable Export / Import Statistics 2016/17
https://www.horticulturetrade.com.au/images/pdfs/agms/2017-08-24-AHEA-Statistics-for-2016-
17.pdf
AMIA website, https://www.industry.mangoes.net.au/mango-production/
AMIA website, https://www.industry.mangoes.net.au/market-access/
© Griffith University 2018 19You can also read
