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Line of Defence
Volume 1 • Issue 8 • Winter 2018
New Zealand’s Defence and National Security Magazine
National Security Conference
Special Issue
Chief of Air Force
Exclusive interview
Defence-Industry
innovation culture
Star Wars:
Militarisation of Space
Defence Strategic
Policy Statement released
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CONTENTS
Editor’s Note DEFENCE
Welcome to the Winter 2018 issue of Line of Defence
Magazine. With this issue, we’re proud to be celebrating two
years – and eight issues – of Line of Defence!
I’d like to take this opportunity to especially thank our
expert contributors – leaders in their fields in academia,
business, government and the military, and the driving
force behind the magazine’s recognition as the premier
publication for New Zealand’s defence and national security
sector.
In Defence, much has happened in recent weeks, not
least the release of the Defence Strategic Policy Statement
and the Review of Defence Procurement Policies and
6 Olympus launches new portable, powerful
Practices for Major Capability Projects. There’s also been
videoscope
the announcement that the government will be purchasing
four P-8A Poseidons, putting an end to a long run of
8 Clock ticking on defence procurement decisions
speculation . In this issue we offer some initial perspectives
on the DSPS.
10 The KC-390 and E2: a fleet mix fit for New
Weighing in on procurement, Hon. Dr Wayne Mapp talks
Zealand
capability projects, and we are again joined by Minister of
Defence Hon. Ron Mark and opposition spokesperson Hon.
13 Defence Minister: Big decisions not taken lightly
Mark Mitchell who offer contending views on what we can
expect in this space. Please bear in mind that these articles
14 Into the Blue – an Interview with Air Vice-Marshal
were penned prior to both the release of the DSPS and the
Tony Davies, Chief of Air Force
P-8A announcement.
In the latest instalment of his services chiefs series, Dr
17 Big year for GA-ASI Remotely Piloted Aircraft
Peter Greener interviews Chief of Air Force AVM Tony Davies
about the important challenges facing the RNZAF; Nicholas
18 NZDIA Forum: Exploring the Role of Imdustry in
Borroz looks at the militarisation of space; and we interview
National and Regional Security
figures at the forefront of Defence-Industry partnership and
innovation on both sides of the Tasman: NZDF Chief Joint
20 Defence short-changed as decisions delayed
Defence Services Charlie Lott and CAPT Greg Laxton of the
Royal Australian Navy.
21 In defence of New Zealand values: Defence
In this National Security Conference special issue of
Strategic Policy Statement released
Line of Defence, we feature a specially curated collection
of articles arising from presentations at the recent National
22 Chief Joint Defence Services Charlie Lott:
Security Conference hosted by Massey University’s Centre
Engagement, innovation and ‘failing forward’
for Defence and Security Studies. Special issue guest editor
Dr William Hoverd has brought together a fantastic line-up
24 Starting with ‘why’: creating an innovation
headlined with an address by Justice Minister and Minister
culture between Defence and Industry
Responsible for the GCSB and NZSIS, Hon Andrew Little.
Among the articles, Dr John Battersby discusses counter
26 NZDF Engineering, Science and Technology
terrorism in New Zealand, Dr Bryson Pain explains the
Conference
expanding role of cyber in national security, Josie Pagani
looks at the Pacific Reset, Dr Scott Hauger considers the
27 Ministry of Defence industry web portal proves
security implications for New Zealand of climate change, Dr
popular
Reuben Steff weighs in on North Korea, and that’s just for
starters.
28 Militarising Space Threatens Its
Our Spring issue will be at the NZDIA Annual Forum
Commercialisation
again this year, and we’ll be previewing some of the
best bits with commentary from the NZDIA and features
with several key presenters. To be held this year in
Palmerston North, the forum is set to be bigger than ever,
encompassing the important roles that Defence, Industry
and a range of government agencies play in national and
regional security.
See you there!
Nicholas Dynon
Auckland
4 Line of Defence
ISSN 2463-5774 (Print) • ISSN 2463-6258 (Online)
NATIONAL SECURITY CONFERENCE CONTACT DETAILS
Managing Editor:
Nick Dynon
M: +64 (0)22 366 3691
E: nick@defsecmedia.co.nz
Publisher:
Craig Flint
T: +64 (07) 868 2703
30 Reflections on the Second National Security E: craig@defsecmedia.co.nz
Conference
Postal and delivery address:
33 Andrew Little addresses National Security 27 West Cresent,
Conference Te Puru 3575, Thames RD5, New Zealand
36 Security Implications of Climate Change for New Defsec Media publishes Line of Defence, FireNZ
Zealand and the Indo-Pacific Region and New Zealand Security Magazine - premier
publications covering industry sectors that help
40 The expanding role of cyber in national security keep Kiwis safe.
42 Countering terrorism where there is ‘apparently’ Find us online www.defsecmedia.co.nz
no terrorism to counter
www.linkedin.com/company/
44 North Korea: Why this time is different and the defsec-media-limited
danger of success
46 Beyond Aid: A Pacific Reset www.facebook.com/defsecmedia/
48 Key security trends and challenges in the Pacific
Islands region www.twitter.com/DefsecNZ
50 A societal narrative for national security?
51 Waikato Dialogue: Implications of emerging CONTRIBUTORS & INTERVIEWEES
disruptive tech for international security and Hon Dr Wayne Mapp QSO Hon Ron Mark
New Zealand Dr Peter Greener AVM Tony Davies MNZM
Hon Mark Mitchell Nicholas Dynon
52 The Kiwi Difference: New Zealand as a model BRIG (retd) Charles Lott MNZM Debbie Howarth
for governments connecting with their Muslim CAPT Gregory Laxton CSC RAN Stephanie Dillon
communities. Nicholas Borroz Dr William Hoverd
Hon Andrew Little Dr J. Scott Hauger
Dr Bryson Payne Dr John Battersby
National Security Conference guest editor: Dr Reuben Steff Josie Pagani
Dr William Hoverd Andie Fong Toy Dr Germana Nicklin
Aliya Danzeisen
ASSOCIATION UPCOMING ISSUE
NZDIA Annual Forum Special Issue,
civil-military coordination, protected mobility
Copyright: No article or part thereof may be reproduced without prior consent of the publisher.
Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is given in good faith and has been derived from sources believed to be reliable and
accurate. However, neither the publishers nor any person involved in the preparation of this publication accept any form of liability whatsoever for its
contents including advertisements, editorials, opinions, advice or information or for any consequences from its use.
Line of Defence 5
DEFENCE
Olympus launches new
portable, powerful videoscope
Olympus is pleased to announce the tip of the videoscope is fitted with
launch of the IPLEX G Lite industrial a very small camera and can be
videoscope featuring powerful imaging freely manipulated, making these
capabilities and a small, rugged instruments ideal for tasks such as
body. Lightweight and able to go periodic maintenance or inspecting a
almost anywhere, the IPLEX G Lite component’s quality.
videoscope provides users working Ease of use has been improved in
in challenging environments with a the IPLEX G with the adoption of a
remote visual inspection tool that has touch panel monitor and electrically
the image quality and ease of use to get operated scope tip bending, enabling
the job done. users to complete inspections more
The IPLEX G Lite is the successor quickly. New recording and playback
to the compact and lightweight IPLEX functions have also been added;
UltraLite model, and can be used to including constant video recording and
capture images inside aircraft engines, the ability to add bookmarks to save
piping, and other equipment without time during video reviews and find
the need for disassembly. With two critical moments quickly.
times the brightness of its predecessor, When inspecting in oily
the IPLEX G is also suitable for a environments, getting oil on the
IPLEX G Lite videoscope
variety of applications within the scope’s lens can make it difficult to
security industry and clean energy accompanied by the use of industrial see. To address this, the IPLEX G Lite
sector, including wind turbines. videoscopes for equipment inspections is equipped with a new oil clearing
According to Jack Zhang, RVI as these instruments can be used to tip adaptor that uses capillary action
Product General Manager at Olympus conduct inspections without the need to draw oil away from the lens. The
Asia Pacific, “Recent years have seen for disassembly.” grooves on the oil clearing tip adapter
an increasing emphasis on safety The IPLEX G Lite is small and drain unnecessary oil quickly and image
management and quality assurance lightweight making it easy to use keeps clean and visible, preventing your
in fields such as aerospace, security with one hand, while also featuring inspection being suspended.
and architecture. This has been enhanced image processing. The “The IPLEX G Lite also has an
option that allows users to switch the
light source from LED to infrared
(IR) or ultraviolet (UV) illumination.
IR is a very important feature,
particularly for the security industry,
capturing images in the dark while UV
is used to detect fine scratches that
are hard to see with the naked eye,”
explained Zhang.
Along with these performance
features, the IPLEX G videoscope is
designed to meet IP65 standards and
U.S Military Defense testing (MIL-
STD) to support its use for accurate
and efficient inspection work, even
under harsh conditions.
For further information, please
visit: https://www.olympus-ims.
com/en/rvi-products/iplex-g-lite/#!
6 Line of Defence
The Powerful,
Portable Videoscope
NEW
Ultra-Portable Videoscope
Automotive Wind Turbine
• LED Illumination
• 60 Frames Per Second
• Interchangeable Illumination
www.olympus-ims.com/iplex-g-lite
Security Aviation
IBDinfo@olympus.com.au
1300 132 992 (Australia)
0508 6596787 (New Zealand) www.olympus-ims.com
DEFENCE
Clock ticking on defence
procurement decisions
New Zealand has a habit of deferring major equipment purchases as long as possible, writes
former Defence Minister Wayne Mapp, and a decision on the ANZAC frigate replacement
may be left to the next government.
The 2018 budget gave the Ministry So, serious decisions need to be One of my concerns as Minister
of Defence 25 percent more money. made soon. They are at the heart of the of Defence from 2008 to 2011 was to
That usually means a boost in staff review of the Capability Plan. sequence major purchases – those that
numbers specialising in procurement. Anyone with even a passing cost in excess of $1 billion – so that a
It is an indication that the government knowledge of defence recognises that government would only be faced with
is gearing up to make some big the New Zealand Defence Force has to one major procurement decision in any
equipment purchases for the Defence have long range transport able to deliver one parliamentary term. Preferably the
Force. cargo and personnel across thousands of decision would be made in the first
So far, we have not heard how miles. With one of the largest Exclusive or second year of the three-year term,
the government’s review of the 2016 Economic Zones in the world, coupled rather than in election year.
Capability Plan is going. But the results with sovereign interests in the Pacific The Defence Review of 2010,
can’t be too far away. and the Antarctic, maritime surveillance which was largely confirmed by the
New Zealand has a habit of is an essential task. 2016 Defence Review, forecast a
deferring major equipment purchases Replacing the C130s will be an sequence of replacements for delivery
as along as possible. But eventually easy decision to make. No party in from 2018 to 2030. One of the major
time runs out. The Air Force’s major Parliament, even the quasi-pacifist purchases needed to have been made
aircraft, the P3 Orion and the C130 Green Party, will object to that. in the last parliamentary term, but
Hercules, are now both nearly 50 years The logical replacement for a because that did not happen, there is
old. Even the last upgrades happened Hercules is a Hercules. But the somewhat a real prospect that the two aircraft
ten years ago. larger and longer range A400M will also decisions will need to be made in the
have a strong claim. The extra range next three years.
will be particularly useful for Antarctic Even then, delivery would not
flights. Either way, this is a decision that occur much before 2025. This is quite a
one could reasonably expect in the next dilemma for the current government.
two or three years. There are in fact three major
The Orion replacement is more defence acquisitions to be made. The
difficult. Again, there is a logical third is the frigate replacement. It
replacement: the Poseidon P8. But will be the last of the three major
the cost is eye wateringly expensive at acquisitions, but it also has the longest
around $500 million per aircraft. There delivery time. New ships will be needed
is also the fact that the production line around 2030 when the two Anzac
will soon close for new orders. class frigates will be over 30 years old.
The 2016 Capability Plan forecast However, they have held up remarkedly
four aircraft. But an order of three well and it is conceivable they could last
would also be credible, especially if as long as 40 years old.
close inshore surveillance was cast off Both will be going through a $500
to a much cheaper option. million weapons and sensor upgrade
There has been discussion of in the next five years. It seems unlikely
alternative aircraft to the P8. None of that defence planners would only want
the options are in widespread service, seven years’ use of the ships after such
and they would also have much less a substantial upgrade.
capability than the P8. It would be a The Anzac replacement may herald
Hon Dr Wayne Mapp QSO was New Zealand’s
significant retrograde step for New quite a political battle. The Capability
Minister of Defence and Minister of Science
and Innovation from 2008 to 2011. He Zealand to step out of the P3/P8 level Plan envisages replacing frigates
was appointed to the New Zealand Law of capability, and it would be seen as with frigates. Logically this would be
Commission in February 2012. such by our closest ally, Australia. done in partnership with Australia
8 Line of Defence
ANZAC frigate HMNZS Te Mana and recently decommissioned fleet replenishment tanker HMNZS Endeavour. Source: NZDF.
just as it was with the Anzac ships. In that case the frigate replacement case, a light frigate option comes with
The Australians are likely to make decision could be deferred to the an acceptance that New Zealand has
their choice of the ships to replace parliamentary term of 2020 to 2023. opted out of the more capable anti-
their Anzac ships later this year, with There are other options for the submarine capability that the current
construction to begin in 2020. Delivery frigate replacement. New Zealand may frigates have.
will extend over a decade. choose to go for a light frigate. In that For the last twenty years New
It is conceivable that New Zealand case, three ships could replace the Zealand defence expenditure has
could choose to add two more ships existing two Anzac ships. Alternatively, been around 1 percent of GDP. The
at the end of the build programme. there could only be two ships. In either Capability Plan envisages the same level
of expenditure. Buying significantly
less capable platforms than what is
planned will inevitably reduce defence
expenditure below 1 percent of GDP.
This would be a real signal,
particularly to Australia, that New
Zealand was choosing a lower role in
defence and security.
The Australian relationship is
central to New Zealand, and defence is
a key part of it. If Australia perceives
that New Zealand is choosing a much
lower path, there are likely to be
consequences to the relationship that
extend beyond defence co-operation.
New Zealand decision makers will
need to think long and hard whether
perceived savings in defence are
worth the costs that are likely to be
incurred in the wider trans-Tasman
relationship.
An RAAF P8 Poseidon. Image courtesy Australian Department of Defence.
Line of Defence 9
DEFENCE
The KC-390 and E2:
a fleet mix fit for New Zealand
Triple type certification for the E190-E2 sets a new international benchmark as Embraer
highlights the credentials of the E2 as a potential passenger/VIP option for the RNZAF.
Things are changing in the way tactical quietly cruise at speeds equivalent Standard setter: the E190-E2
and strategic operations are defined in to modern jet airliners (M0.8) and Embraer is the world’s leading
a military context. The ascendancy of then land on an unprepared strip manufacturer of commercial jets up
military-medium and military-heavy in the islands or abroad opens up a to 150 seats, and is proving that it has
turbofan capabilities means that there whole new range of capabilities for the organisational, technological and
is now convergence in how tactical and militaries to explore. support base to propose and deliver
strategic operations are conducted and When you combine these with solutions to New Zealand for the long
resourced. the unique geographical location term. Embraer’s new E190-E2 jet is
No longer do you need a ‘strategic of New Zealand, and the roles the perfect complement to the KC-
jet’ and a ‘tactical turboprop’ to cover and capabilities that a modern air 390 should a dedicated passenger/VIP
the spectrum of operations that many transport aircraft need to perform, aircraft continue to be required by the
Air Forces are called upon to do. The the KC-390 provides a winning NZDF.
Embraer KC-390 is providing this combination of strategic and tactical Notwithstanding the KC-390´s
bridge in capability for the ‘medium’ capabilities, future-proofed with capability to be configured for
class airlifter, in much the same way as its modern design. The aircraft passenger and VIP operations, the
the Boeing C-17 has done in the ‘heavy’ enjoys new standards of reliability, E190-E2 is already making a name for
class. maintainability and overall support itself. The E2 family of commercial jets
The ability for the modern breed compared to older aircraft design is the second generation of the E-Jets,
of fixed-wing transport aircraft to types nearing retirement. which have logged more than 1,800
Embraer E190-E2 takes off. Image supplied.
10 Line of DefenceDEFENCE
orders and 1,400 deliveries to some 70
airlines in 50 countries.
In February 2018, the E190-E2
received type certificates from three
certification authorities: ANAC
(Brazil), FAA (USA) and EASA
(European Union). It is the first time
that an aircraft programme with
the level of complexity of the E2
has received a type certificate from
three major worldwide certification
authorities simultaneously. This sets a
new standard in the aerospace industry.
Following type certification, the
first E190-E2 was delivered to launch
operator Widerøe (Norway) in April exclusive powerplant, and Honeywell warehouses, 9 owned service centres,
this year in a 114-seat in single-class Primus Epic 2 was selected as the 71 authorised service centres and 110
configuration. avionics package. Similar to the KC- field support representatives – all
When it comes to reliability, 390, the E2 features a closed loop fly- of which are coordinated to ensure
Embraer targets a 99 percent dispatch by-wire control, which reduces weight, aircraft are kept serviceable wherever
reliability after 12 months, and 99.5 increases fuel efficiency, enhances you are in the world.
percent after four years. Embraer control and increases safety by full Embraer has merged its support
targets 16-24 percent lower fuel burn envelope protection in all flight phases. network from Commercial, Executive
and 15-25 percent lower maintenance and Defence and Security business units
cost per seat when compared to the Superior service and support under a single entity such that it has
original E-Jet. Range extension has also As is often the case when introducing been able to pool the vast expertise of
been achieved to 2,850nm with full new aircraft to the commercial or 2,500 professionals in to a coordinated
passenger load and reserves. military market, questions are asked services and support entity.
So, what is new in the E2? Its wing about the maintenance services and This, combined with customer
has been redesigned and it introduces support that will be there to ensure satisfaction surveys of Commercial (83
new pylons, landing gear, horizontal aircraft serviceability and availability. percent), Defence (85 percent) and voted
stabilisers, cabin, cabin air system, Embraer has learned a lot over the 1st for Executive Aviation by AIN and
air cycle machine, bleed air system, years from supporting some 5,600 Pro Pilot, Embraer’s reputation for
and a new fly-by-wire system. In the aircraft from 1,700 customers in over exemplary support is unrivalled.
E190-E2, of the 16 percent better 100 countries. It is this expertise There is now the realisation that
fuel burn, 11 percent comes from the that has contributed to Embraer’s E190-E2 certification and the imminent
geared turbofan, 3.5 percent from the ability to reduce aircraft downtime, certification and delivery of the KC-390
improved aerodynamics of the new lower operating costs and improve to the Brazilian Air Force strengthens
high aspect ratio wing and 1.5 percent operational efficiency. the position of Embraer as one of the
from the fly-by-wire. Embraer has a dedicated team of top aerospace companies in the world.
In January 2013, Embraer selected professionals at their TechCare Centre These are real milestones that will
the Pratt & Whitney PW1000G Geared providing help 24/7/365 days a year. As benefit operators the world over as these
Turbo Fan (GTF) engine as the a global company, Embraer boasts 24 aircraft replace older fleets and models.
12 Line of DefenceDefence Minister:
Big decisions not taken lightly
Defence Minister Hon Ron Mark suggests that time taken scrutinising P3 replacement
options has been time well spent, and that we can expect similar rigour in relation to
procurement proposals to Cabinet going forward.
For many years I sat on the Foreign options and asked some hard questions in the last few years, to Defence’s
Affairs and Trade Select Committee. of the team at the Ministry of Defence. procurement processes are robust.
Each year, post Budget, the Minister This is a purchase the NZDF would They have overhauled their practices
would arrive, and we would get to have to live with for at least the next and now have a well-resourced team
question them for an hour. 30 years, so I want to make sure that if who can be considered an exemplar for
It was my chance to test them on we decide to press ahead, it is what we the public sector.
how well they knew the portfolio and need. What this means for me is that
to ask hard questions on decisions It’s also been important to me when I take a proposal to Cabinet,
made in the Budget. to ensure we have the right strategic which recommends the purchase of
This year the shoe was on the other policy and procurement processes in a major capability, I can assure them
foot. It was I fronting the committee place before making these important we have a robust plan to deliver the
and being grilled on my plans for the decisions. project, on time, to specifications,
Defence Force and where the future of This is why two of the first pieces within budget and that the equipment
the NZDF may lie. of work I kicked off as Minister were we have purchased will be right for the
The Committee members presented reviewing our strategic Defence policy job.
some excellent lines of questioning and settings, and a comprehensive review of But, we need to keep driving
it was a robust session. One of their the Defence procurement process. The continuous improvement to the system.
questions was around the potential latter was particularly important given We owe that to taxpayers of New
purchase of the P8 Poseidon as a the first paper I was required to take Zealand. In reaching his conclusions,
replacement for the P3K Orion. to Cabinet was to solve a $148m cost Sir Brian Roche notes that the changes
Many of you will know, from my overrun in the ANZAC Frigate Systems are still relatively new, and strong
time in opposition, I’ve been a strong Upgrade project. ongoing leadership is required to
critic of Defence capability purchases. The review of our strategic policy embed and sustain the changes.
I felt we could have done better on settings has gone well, and at the Indeed, it is important to note that
a number of occasions, and so it will time of writing, New Zealand’s new no project has gone from concept
come as no surprise I’ve been running Strategic Defence Policy Statement is to delivery under the new system.
the rule over the P3 replacement signed off by Cabinet and about to go Therefore, we will be keeping a
to the printer. The Statement not only close eye on defence procurement
provides updated policy direction for performance to ensure that high
Defence, fit for the turbulent times standards are met and maintained.
we live in, it aligns Defence with These two pieces of work will help
the values and direction of the new inform our review of the Defence
Government. Capability Plan which is due to be
The team who have been involved completed by the end of the year.
in the work have done a great job. That said we will need to make a
Once it’s released we will load an decision on the P3 replacement well
electronic copy on the Ministry of before then, and we continue to work
Defence Website. I encourage you all on that.
to read it. But with our new strategy in
The independent Procurement place, and the review of the Defence
Policies and Practices Review, led by Sir procurement process complete, I
Brian Roche, has also been completed know that I can stand behind any
Hon Ron Mark, Minister of Defence and it has found the changes made, recommendation I take to Cabinet.
Line of Defence 13DEFENCE
Into the Blue – an Interview with
Air Vice-Marshal Tony Davies,
Chief of Air Force
Dr Peter Greener, Senior Fellow at the Centre for Strategic Studies (VUW), asks Chief of Air
Force AVM Tony Davies about the most important challenges facing the RNZAF.
PG: You recently issued an updated PG: Having the right platforms and the We began last year with inviting
Mission Statement for the Royal New right people is central to the RNZAF Year 12 and 13 students to our
Zealand Air Force. Can you say what being able to fulfil its mission. There first four-day programme held at
this is and why it has changed? is a growing need for intelligence Whenuapai. This year we decided to
analysts to make sense of the enormous invite 48 Year 13 students from all
TD: The new Mission Statement is “The amount of data that airborne systems over New Zealand to Ohakea. I’m
RNZAF will provide New Zealand with can gather. How challenging is it to delighted with the response we’ve
relevant, responsive and effective Air recruit and retain the right balance of had and with the high percentage
Power to meet its security interests.” personnel? who are following-through with our
The new statement focusses clearly recruitment team.
on the value our operations deliver to TD: Yes, your observation about the With regards to overall recruitment,
NZ. There is a lot more to conducting importance of analysts is correct, but I’m pleased to say that currently 18.7
military air operations and delivering there are challenges. The Air Force is percent of our force are women and last
Air Power effects than simply the visible about much more than just aircraft. year some of our intakes were around
element of aircraft flying. We need to ensure that our people 35 percent women. Retention is the
The future depends on our know where they fit in the overall challenge, and that requires a complete
people, on a joint focus, and a broader matrix; as people come through the look at our policies, ensuring we look
sense of air operations including the gate each day they need to be clear after families and facilitate a supportive
use of space and remotely piloted about the value that they add. So after-childbirth return to work.
systems. While military air operations many of our trades and branches are Women in senior positions are also
remain our core task, the attitude STEM-related, that is, they require important as role models. As you are
and behaviours that get us there qualifications in science, technology, aware the current Warrant Officer of
are embodied in our values and air engineering or mathematics. the Air Force is Warrant Officer Toni
warfighting ethos. We need to attract highly competent Tate and we have an increasing number
people and we’re competing with the of women as base, squadron, and
other Services; with the Police; with mission commanders - all of whom,
other high tech companies like Rocket like everyone else in the organisation,
Lab. Nevertheless our recruitment have got there on merit.
intakes are good. There are also a number of
initiatives underway supporting
PG: Women currently make up about purposeful recruitment and retention
17 percent of the workforce, yet the aim across the diversity spectrum.
is for that to be 25 percent by 2025. Everyone is free to be their
What initiatives are underway to help authentic selves with support readily
this happen? available if needed. This creates an
environment where being outside the
TD: Perhaps one of our most mainstream is a non-issue as much as is
successful initiatives is the “School possible and people can focus on their
to Skies” programme which began in performance and their jobs.
2017. This programme aims to attract
those young women who are STEM- PG: As the New Zealand population
focussed and in their final year at and the potential pool of candidates
AVM Tony Davies MNZM. All images courtesy of school, to consider a career in the Air diversify, what further opportunities do
the RNZAF. Force. you see for recruitment?
14 Line of DefenceTD: Diversity is celebrated and its
strength is fully recognised throughout
the NZDF. We also know the value
and the importance of representing the
changing face of New Zealand. This
means ensuring that we have a diversity
programme that is equitable and
where gender, ethnicity, sexuality and
religious beliefs pose no barriers for a
career in our organisation.
For example, at this year’s
Pride Parade we had senior officer
representation and we provided a very
visible Hercules fly-past to support
those marching. Our attention is on
ensuring we increase the number of
women in the Air Force, as well as
other diverse groups.
PG: How important is it for Air Force
to now have a permanent Marae? This year School to Skies will see 48 Year 13 young women visit Air Force Base Ohakea
TD: We refer to it as the RNZAF of 90 percent - a very high rate. We are stretch from Antarctica to the Pacific
Turangawaewae or ‘standing place’ seeing excellent results. We are also in Islands. The P-3K2 Orion is our first
rather than a Marae, and this is out of the process of taking delivery of our responder following a cyclone, tsunami
respect for other local historical Marae. new King Air KA350s, a King Air or earthquake.
This project has been a huge success, that will allow us to undertake a wider From SAR to fisheries protection
and over 2,300 people have been range of roles. to high-end Intelligence, Surveillance,
received by the Turangawaewae so far This aircraft will allow us not only and Reconnaissance (ISR) operations,
this year. to undertake the customary multi- we really need to better tell the story
Army and Navy support was there engine conversion training, but it also of how important the maritime patrol
from the start and Army Engineers means we can conduct our own Air capability is to New Zealand. The P-3
played a significant role in construction. Warfare Officer training, which was is a tremendous platform, but ours are
Through a series of open forums across previously provided in Australia. Two over 52 years old and they don’t make
the Bases our people decided the kawa of the aircraft are also being fitted with them anymore.
or protocols which are very traditional. sensors and systems to conduct basic Whatever replaces the Orions will
The Tūrangawaewae truly reflects who surveillance missions. likely have to last another 50 years. In
we are as New Zealanders. that regard the Boeing P-8 Poseidon is
PG: The Briefing for the Incoming being viewed as a viable contemporary
PG: When it comes to platforms, Minister indicated that Cabinet replacement capability. All the work
the RNZAF’s helicopter fleets have would need to consider the maritime on its development and refinement
been renewed and the first T-6 Texan patrol component of the Future Air has already been done by others
trainers are fully operational. Can you Surveillance Capability during 2018. and importantly, given our focus on
say how this already impacts on air How important is it for New Zealand to working as part of a wider coalition
power capability? maintain such a capability? environment, we will be operating
within a large P-8 user community.
TD: The NH90 provides an amazing TD: It is of crucial importance given There is no doubt in my mind
range of capabilities. Whilst it had the nature and range of activities that that FASC is the most important
initial challenges, our people have require response from the NZDF. Our security related decision the current
developed a number of ways to exclusive economic zone is the 4th Government is likely to have to make.
enhance the aircraft in operations and largest in the world, 15 times the size of PG: With a renewed focus on
maintenance. Our helicopter squadron mainland New Zealand and our search operations in the Pacific and
operates across a greater number of and rescue (SAR) region covers about Antarctica, how important is the
roles and tasks than many others, from 30 million square kilometres of ocean Future Air Mobility project?
battlefield support to counter-terrorism around New Zealand, stretching from
to search and rescue. Of the fourteen the South Pole to the Equator. TD: While the P-3 is feeding back
operators globally, New Zealand has Maritime Patrol missions, whether information about a disaster area, the
the highest rates of aircraft availability. they are immediate searches to save Hercules are being loaded up with
The T-6 has just recently produced lives or resource protection tasks relief supplies. New Zealanders have an
its first Wings Course with a pass rate in support of partner agencies, can expectation that we will respond with
Line of Defence 15DEFENCE
airlift to a range of situations, and are
always ready to be on our way. Our Air
Mobility fleet must be a “Jack or Jill of
all trades”.
The decision on replacing the
Hercules will need to be taken in
conjunction with replacing the
Boeing 757s, which provide us with
a faster, longer range capability, be it
for transporting personnel to distant
deployments, supplies to Antarctica or
taking Government delegations and
trade missions overseas.
Whether NZ goes for the tried and
true, or for something faster and more
modern, the decision will be a well-
considered one.
PG: The Briefing for the Incoming
Minister also noted the work underway
on the Singapore proposal to base
F-15 fighter jets at Ohakea. What
opportunities might this provide not Ex Southern Katipo 2017
just for the RNZAF, but for the NZDF
as a whole? could make a real difference here in We offer Rocket Lab access to
the future. It will be considered in our facilities and I see some really
TD: New Zealand has a long history conjunction with FASC. exciting possibilities here.
of working alongside the Singapore I look forward to our Defence Southern locations in New Zealand
Armed Forces, and exploring the Industry colleagues helping provide also present significant opportunities
Singapore-Ohakea F15 proposal is an solutions to the problem once it is for the ground segment of space
extension of that relationship. more clearly identified. Perhaps there’s systems including Space Situational
The proposal is still under a place to focus on long-range high Awareness. In summary, the New
consideration, but opportunities we altitude RPAS for the wider NZ region? Zealand government has a highly
would want to explore with Singapore integrated approach to managing the
include the chance for F-15s to PG: Looking out further, and noting benefits and risks of space and the
facilitate JTAC ( Joint Terminal Attack that the Royal Air Force has just taken NZDF is playing a forward leaning role
Controller) training with the New over responsibility for UK military in those developments.
Zealand Army, and possibly maritime space operations, what opportunities
strike training with the Royal New might there be for the future uses and PG: What do you see as the major
Zealand Navy. Although we currently benefits of New Zealand space power? challenges for the RNZAF out to 2035?
carry out this training with other
partners, there could be an opportunity TD: New Zealand is a member of the TD: We are challenged by some of
for this to be more accessible if the Five Eyes Combined Space Operations our 1930/40s infrastructure, which
Singaporean jets were based here. and as such has gained valuable insights is being addressed. Enhancing our
All of these issues are yet to be into the challenges of military space diversity and inclusivity, which is
discussed with Singapore and would operations. We also recognise how progressing but not fast enough.
be part of the discussion if it were to highly integrated and co-dependent School to Skies Programme is a start
go ahead. Government is yet to make a military and civil/commercial space that we must build on. We need to be
decision on the proposal. operations are in terms of developing better at interacting with the public
PG: In looking to the future, what resilient and responsive space and telling the story about what we
contribution might remotely piloted capabilities. do for New Zealand’s security and
aircraft be able to make? Hence, in the last three years New wellbeing.
Zealand has put in place legislation However, the future also looks
TD: Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems to enable a responsive space launch very bright. Our capabilities are
(RPAS) are a part of the future, industry with Rocket Lab from the being renewed one-by-one and our
particularly as ISR platforms, be they Mahia Peninsula. The RNZAF has people are technologically skilled and
battlefield or long-range, high altitude a close working relationship with orientated. The overall attrition rate
or long endurance platforms. Satellite Rocket Lab and we have a few staff is the lowest it’s been in a very long
coverage over our area of responsibility revolving through their projects, time and morale is good. This is a very
is currently challenging and RPAS particularly in the avionics area. exciting time for the Air Force.
16 Line of DefenceBig year for GA-ASI Remotely
Piloted Aircraft
At the half-way mark of 2018, it’s already shaping up to be a banner year for General Atomics
Aeronautical Systems (GA-ASI).
In April, the Predator family of
aircraft, which includes the Reaper,
Gray Eagle, and new MQ-9B
SkyGuardian, surpassed five million
flight hours, the majority of which
have occurred in combat.
In May, GA-ASI undertook
the first large-scale commercial
demonstration of a Remotely Piloted
Aircraft (RPA) over a period of three
weeks on Iki Island, Japan. The
Guardian (a modified MQ-9) collected
data for scientific research that will
be shared across multiple government
agencies, and flight data will be given
to airspace management organisations
to help establish procedures for
using RPA systems in national and
international civil airspace. MQ-9 Guardian conducting demonstration flights in Japan in May 2018. Image supplied.
The aircraft’s sensors included a
long-range maritime surface-search airspace users. The DAA’s subsystems the first unmanned system to achieve
radar, stabilised optical and infrared include a GA-ASI-developed airborne airworthiness approval to fly in
video cameras, and a Detect and radar, a TCAS II and DAA tracking civilian airspace. The UK will lead the
Avoid (DAA) System, which included capability from Honeywell, ADS-B In way, followed by other military and
a short-range air-to-air radar. This and Conflict Prediction and Display civil aviation authorities around the
configuration is similar to that System. world.
operated by the US Department of In July, GA-ASI undertook the A maritime variant of the MQ-
Homeland Security over the maritime first trans-Atlantic flight of a Medium 9B SkyGuardian, known as the
approaches to the US. Altitude Long Endurance (MALE) SeaGuardian, can host a variety of
The Guardian flights consisted Remotely Piloted Aircraft. The flight maritime radars to provide long-range
of approximately 10 five-hour sorties originated at GA-ASI’s Flight Test surveillance, small target detection
over a three-week period; however, and Training Center in Grand Forks, and radar imaging. In addition, the
this aircraft configuration is capable North Dakota and landed at RAF SeaGuardian can be fitted with an
of more than 20-hours’ endurance in a Fairford in Gloucestershire, United Automatic Identification System (AIS)
single sortie. Kingdom. to provide positive identification of
In June, NASA successfully SkyGuardian was first conceived seagoing vessels. This aircraft has an
demonstrated GA-ASI’s Detect as a development program by GA- endurance of over 40 hours.
and Avoid System on their Ikhana ASI using Internal Research and GA-ASI has offered the
MQ-9. The DAA system combines Development (IRAD) funding. SeaGuardian to the New Zealand
automatic collision avoidance with the One of the driving principles was Defence Force for the Future Air
ability to remain ‘well-clear’ of other to deliver a RPA that would become Surveillance Capability.
Line of Defence 17At the launching of the 2018 Poppy Appeal in April, in delivering on the New Zealand National Security
Willie Apiata said: “… so that our beautiful people can live System. Sessions being considered include workshops,
in security at home and can have freedom of speech and presentations, a cross government and industry
live a life that we want them to live, instead of the ones discussion on defining the role of industry in the
that we experience when we are abroad helping those system and industry’s role in supporting Government in
that cannot live that life”. managing risk across the national security risk horizon.
Across the New Zealand Government, defence Exhibitors and sponsors from previous NZDIA forums
discussions are more frequently occurring in the should attend to continue past discussions with
context of defence as a component part of a national MOD and NZDF. Organisations, with an interest in
security outcome. Within industry, engagement and developing closer understanding and relationships with
delivery is increasingly focussed on relationship, NZ Government National Security agencies, should not
partnership and alliance. The New Zealand Defence miss the opportunity to meet and discuss their current
Force is further accelerating its strategy to make a truly or possible role, in supporting the NZ Government in
integrated Defence Force, a reality by 2025. All these upholding the New Zealand way of life.
conversations and initiatives point increasingly to a
With a change of city to return to the original home
focus of the enterprise of National Security that
of the NZDIA Forum and also New Zealand’s greatest
is inclusive of Defence, other Government agencies
concentration of defence personnel, we are excited to
and industry.
introduce even greater numbers of defence and other
The NZDIA Board is delighted that the 21st NZDIA agency personnel to the technology, innovation and
Forum will be held on 30, 31 October and 01 ideas of industry from across the world.
November 2018 at the Central Energy Trust Arena,
Palmerston North and that the theme is: “Exploring
the role of industry in national and regional security.” We look forward to
The New Zealand Government describes national
welcoming delegates, sponsors
security as “...the condition which permits the citizens and exhibitors to join a critical
of a state to go about their daily business confidently free
conversation about national
from fear and able to make the most of opportunities
to advance their way of life. It encompasses the security and how we ensure
preparedness, protection and preservation of people, and the preservation of the many
of property and information, both tangible and intangible.”
ways of life valued by New
This year the Forum, in addition to a strong presence
from MOD and NZDF, will see representation from
Zealanders.
other NZ Government agencies which play a part - Palmerston North Mayor Grant Smith
CONTACTS
Sponsorship and Exhibitor Opportunties: NZDIA New Membership:
Robert Martin - robert@eventmergers.co.nz Jennie Vickers - jennie.vickers@nzdia.co.nz
Speaking Opportunities: NZDIA Existing Membership renewal & updates:
Michelle Denholm - michelle@eventmergers.co.nz Office Manager - admin.support@nzdia.co.nz
www.nzdia.co.nz Images sourced from a range of licensees including NZDFTuesday 30 October – Thursday 1 November 2018
Central Energy Trust Arena, Palmerston NorthDEFENCE
Defence short-changed
as decisions delayed
Hon Mark Mitchell, National Party Spokesperson for Defence, writes that the recent Budget
indicates major defence procurements, such as the P8 Poseidon programme, are facing an
uncertain and slow-motion future.
When I came into Opposition I made This included provisions for new Yes it’s a big investment and came
it very clear to the Minister of Defence initiatives including advancing a cyber a bit earlier than expected, however I
Ron Mark, that I would support security support capability, the Littoral was fully committed and confident we
him in making sure he advanced the Operations and Frigate Systems would procure the P8s.
critical investment that the Defence Upgrades, and wider investment into I want to acknowledge the support
Force needs around capability and modernised and more efficient systems. from our partners, including US
infrastructure requirements. In contrast, this year’s Budget Secretary of Defense Jim Mattis, who
We are in an increasingly complex delivered little for Defence. Yes, there ensured the working relationship
and challenging global environment that have been increases in operational between our respective Ministry’s was
places greater demands on our Defence funding for Defence, however much strong and gave both teams the space
Force, and we owe it to them to ensure of this is routine and in line with to develop a very good plan together.
they have the right equipment to do their forecasts, based on the expectations Unfortunately, the recent Budget
job - whether that’s close to home here in we have for Defence, and annual indicated this process had stalled.
New Zealand and the Asia Pacific region, changes in personnel. However, what We’re now nine months into the new
or further abroad as we work with our was noticeably absent in this year’s Government. This was a priority
partners towards stability in places like Budget was any provision for the decision and should have been through
the Middle East and Africa. much needed replacement of the P3 the Cabinet process by March of this
The key to ensuring Defence is able Orion. year, but was nowhere to be seen in the
to deliver on the operations they are The P3 Orion has been an Budget.
tasked with, is to continually invest in outstanding and reliable workhorse The absence was likely a huge blow
personnel, property, and equipment. for our Royal New Zealand Air Force for those in our Defence Force, who were
The Budget should reflect this. and our nation for over half a century. no doubt anticipating seeing provision
National’s time in Government saw the However, they are quickly reaching the in the Budget for the procurement of
development of a $20 billion Defence end of their service life and all available the P8s. The personnel in our Defence
Capability Plan, which was supported upgrades have been exhausted. It’s time Forces rightfully have the expectation
by an almost billion dollar funding to give them an honourable and much that they will be supported by the
boost in Budget 2017/18. deserved retirement. Government and that they will be given
The American Congress wrote last the best possible equipment.
year saying it was last orders for the It’s disappointing, but there may
P8 Poseidon under the military sales be some light at the end of the tunnel.
programme. The P8 Poseidon would Mr Mark indicated at the Foreign
be an outstanding replacement for Affairs and Defence Committee
the P3, as it would both increase our Estimates Hearing in June that he was
own capability and close the capability now preparing Cabinet papers, and we
gap with our partners, in addition to should have an answer by July.
providing the interoperability that we When pressed on his level of
need when deploying and working with confidence in being able to deliver a
our partners overseas. result, his repeated response was to
As the former Minister of ‘buckle up our seatbelts, put the phone
Defence, I had a comprehensive on flight mode, and fasten the tray tables.’
work programme underway with the This seemed more appropriate from an
objective of obtaining support within Air New Zealand flight attendant rather
Cabinet to purchase four P8s. This had than the Minister of Defence.
Hon Mark Mitchell is the Opposition included formal meetings and briefings It does raise the question that if Mr
Spokesperson for Defence, and Deputy with the Prime Minister, Finance Mark is delivering the inflight safety
Chairperson of the Foreign Affairs, Defence Minister, and Treasury officials to brief, who’s flying the plane?
and Trade Select Committee. He is the formulate a plan on how to book the We should know the answer to that
former NZ Minister of Defence. cost; work was well underway. by July.
20 Line of DefenceDefence Strategic Policy
Statement released
The just-released Defence Strategic Policy Statement, writes editor Nicholas Dynon, is a
stark rendering of the strategic environment, a front-footed articulation of where New
Zealand stands, and a manifesto for strong investment in Defence.
With the Defence Strategic Policy existing arrangements within these
Statement, the coalition Government societies,” it continues, “threaten to
has delivered a frank and fearless reduce the willingness of open liberal
assessment of New Zealand’s strategic states to champion the rules-based
environment few would have expected. order.”
Although sharing aspects in Most importantly – and really the
common with the 2016 Defence keystone of the document – is that in
White Paper, the Statement paints raising concerns about the values of
an altogether darker strategic others, it articulates exactly where New
outlook. Reflecting two years of Zealand stands.
tumultuous change in the international Of the Statement’s 28 mentions of
environment, its message is clear: the ‘values’, 23 relate to New Zealand’s
world is changing in perilous ways values. It is, as its authors claim,
that are at odds with New Zealand’s an attempt to align New Zealand’s
interests. strategic policy with its values.
It will certainly have come as This isn’t just fluff. It has real
something of a surprise to those who’ve implications.
grown accustomed to Wellington’s Together, the stark strategic picture
‘careful not to offend’ stance in relation described by the Statement and its
to China’s growing influence and alignment of strategic priorities with
assertiveness. significantly, at the Statement’s heart New Zealand values, serve to justify
While much of the media and is a concern with countries’ domestic the case for investment in Defence
punditry around the Statement – both values – values that ultimately drive capability at levels of at least those
here and abroad – will focus on its their international behaviour. prescribed by the 2016 Defence
stinging rebuke of China and Russia, “Both domestically and as a basis Capability Plan.
it ultimately identifies that the single for international engagement, China In terms of capability, it means
greatest threat to New Zealand is holds views on human rights and maintaining “highly sophisticated
posed not by any one country but freedom of information that stand in capabilities that deliver for New
rather by the accelerating erosion of the contrast to those that prevail in New Zealand, and that are valued by and
international rules-based order. Zealand,” states the DSPS. “ Russia, interoperable with those key partners
This is an important distinction. As Iran and Saudi Arabia, advocate “values that share our values and interests.”
a trade-dependent and small country, and views not aligned to those of the It also means dealing with the
the international rules-based order traditional leaders of the international disruptors, such as foreign cyber-
is crucial to New Zealand. The UN rules-based order.” based information operations and
system gives small and large countries In terms of values, neither are political influence activities, that may
alike an equal seat at the international New Zealand’s traditional friends threaten New Zealand’s open society
governance table, while international and partners spared by the Statement. and democratic processes from the
laws and agreements allow New Recent political trends in United States inside.
Zealanders to do business with and Europe are reflective, it says, of a A clear rebuke of recent
certainty. trend of “liberal democracies sliding accusations of New Zealand as the
Most obviously, Chinese military- into illiberalism, some democracies ‘soft underbelly’ of the ‘five eyes’
led territorial expansionism in the incorporating authoritarian elements as alliance, it is perhaps also a strong
South China Sea and its failure they centralise power in executives…” indication – and not before time –
to recognise Court of Arbitration “Challenges to open societies that criticisms of New Zealand not
rulings are noted, as is Russia’s cyber- and Western liberalism, driven by ‘pulling its weight’ might become a
enabled information operations. But increasing disillusionment with thing of the past.
Line of Defence 21DEFENCE
Chief Joint Defence Services
Charlie Lott: Engagement,
innovation and ‘failing forward’
In this exclusive interview, CJDS Charlie Lott updates editor Nicholas Dynon on progress
made since the launch last year of the NZDF Framework for External & Industry Engagement
and what we can expect over the coming 12 months.
LoD: The NZDF Framework for to anyone involved in procurement I have seen a shift in the focus
External & Industry Engagement was what we wanted to achieve by taking and outputs of our DCS team from
released the better part of a year ago, the bold step of ‘partnering for greater the transactional space or drafting
representing a big step forward for effect’. We wanted to ensure that staff and managing contracts to managing
Defence. To what extent have staff got the message that it’s okay to engage, internal and external relationships and
been able to integrate the philosophies and the framework provided the means asking ‘why not’ instead of the previous
of the framework into their roles? by which they could do it. ‘why?’.
We also launched it at an NZDIA DCS members have become a lot
CL: When we released the Framework monthly members meeting so that more strategic in their outlook – and
we followed up with a soft launch everyone got the same message that we that’s all credit to them. They’ve
around camps and bases and explained were serious about this new paradigm actually seen what we’re trying to do
and that it’s okay for Defence and through the Framework, and have
industry to engage in free and frank enthusiastically adopted it.
discussions.
I think our staff got what we were LoD: Since you took on the role of
wanting to do, and for the most part CJDS, how much of a culture shift
have enthusiastically adopted the have you seen in the NZDF in terms of
philosophy of engaging as partners industry and commercial savviness?
rather than as adversaries.
This is evidenced by the growing CL: It was always there Nick, but
number of NZDF staff attending it was latent. People were afraid to
NZDIA monthly meetings, the Annual engage because they didn’t understand
Forum, the Defence Engineering, how far they could go, when to pull
Science and Technology Conference; back for ethical or probity reasons,
and a significant number of staff and what the left and right of arcs
now visit our suppliers on a routine were. In other words, our team didn’t
basis to get to know them, what their understand that their choices in the
capabilities are and the like. engagement space weren’t so much a
I think it is also evidenced by our difference between right and wrong
people talking about ‘value’ rather than but rather between right and more
‘cost’ in everyday conversations about right. The Framework gives them that
engagement, which is a fundamental sort of guidance.
BRIG (Retd) Charles Lott MNZM is NZDF shift in the way that Defence has What I’ve seen is people ringing
Chief Joint Defence Services. In his 34-year traditionally engaged with our Deb Howarth our Director, Defence
logistics career in the New Zealand Army suppliers. Industry Engagement, and actually
he saw operational service with the NZ Most importantly, it is evidenced asking how to engage.
Contingent MFO Sinai, as Liaison Officer by a fundamentally good change
for the UN Operations in Somalia, and as a in what our Defence Commercial LoD: Looking back over your time
Logistics Operations Senior Staff Officer. He Services (DCS) folk are thinking about so far in the role , what are you most
was made a Member of the New Zealand procurement and engagement. proud of?
Order of Merit in 2001.
22 Line of DefenceYou can also read
