Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus - and Jesus Ministry in Jerusalem

Jerusalem at the Time of
         Jesus
            and
 Jesus Ministry in Jerusalem

Psalm 122

     I was glad when they
       said unto me, Let
       us go to the house
       of the Lord! Our
       feet are standing in
       your gates, O
       Jerusalem.

Jerusalem
• Jerusalem: the Ancient One

• Jerusalem: the Holy City

• Jerusalem of Gold

I. Jerusalem at the Time of
             Jesus

• Estimated population was 40,000

• Swelled to 250,00 for festivals

• Unless Josephus is to be trusted

Jerusalem and Herod the Great
• The Builder King

• Masada, Caesarea
  Maritima, and the
  Herodium

• Jerusalem and the
  Temple

The Second Temple
• Dimensions were impressive (doubled size of
  platform)

• Work force numbered 18,000

• Construction methods were advanced

• Materials were the finest

Two Descriptions of the
           Temple
• A Disciple: Look, Teacher, what large
  stones and what large buildings!

• Josephus: To the stranger who suddenly
  came over the mountain, the
  Temple was like a snow-clad mountain
  for all that was not gold was gleaming
  white.

The Antonia Fortress

The Royal Stoa

Temple Courts

The Teaching Steps

The City of Jerusalem
• The Upper City of the Elite

• The Lower City of the Poor

• Herod s Palace

• Greek and Roman Influence

The Upper City

The Lower City

Herod s Palace

Greek and Roman Influence

The Major Players

•   The Sadducees
•   The Pharisees
•   The Essenes
•   The Zealots
•   The Romans
•   The Herodians

II. Jesus Ministry in
      Jerusalem

Jesus First Visits
• Parents came to fulfill the Law at
  his birth (Luke)

• Passover at twelve years of age

• Passover, Pentecost and Feast of
  Tabernacles

The First Passover in
         John s Gospel
• John 2:13-3:21

• Jesus cleanses the Temple

• Attracts the attention of major players

• Encounters Nicodemus

Jesus Visit During Purim
• John 5: 1-18

• Pool of Bethesda

• Heals man waiting
  38 years

• Violates sabbath
  and more

Jesus Visit During Feast of
       Tabernacles
• John 7 – 8
• On the last day, High Priest brings
  water as a libation from the Pool of
  Siloam to plead for the rains
• Jesus teaches: Let anyone who is
  thirsty come to me… (7:37)
• And Out of the believer s heart shall
  flow rivers of living water… (7:38)

Later at the Feast of Booths
• Four giant candlelabras illumine
  Temple Mount

• Placed in the Court of Women for all to
  see

• Jesus says: I am the light of the
  world (8:12)

Jesus Attends the
       Feast of Hanukkah
• John 10: 22-40
• Jesus teaches in Solomon s porticoes
• How long will you keep us in
  suspense…if you are the Messiah…
• My sheep hear my voice, I know
  them…
• The Jews took up stones again to stone
  him

The Final Week: Palm
             Sunday
• John 12: 12-19

• Jesus mounts a donkey at Bethphage

• Hosannas and palm branches

• Jesus weeps over the city (Luke)

• Major players take notice

Holy Monday
• Mark 11: 12-19

• Jesus returns to the city from Bethany

• He examines and curses a fig tree

• Jesus cleanses the Temple

•    My house shall be called a house of prayer for all
    nations

•    You have made it a den of thieves (Jeremiah 7 and
    26)

Holy Tuesday
• Mark 11: 20 – 12:37
• Jesus teaches all day in Solomon s
  porticoes
• Leaders ask by what authority?
• He teaches about the wicked tenants
• Jesus answers questions about taxes, the
  resurrection, and the first
  commandment

The Rabbis Teaching Steps
             • Matthew 23

             • Jesus pronounces
               the seven woes on
               the Pharisees

             • He closes his public
               ministry on these
               steps

Holy Wednesday
• Mark 14: 1-9

• Jesus quietly rests at Bethany in the house of
  Simon the leper

• A woman anoints Jesus for burial

• Judas betrays Jesus

Maundy Thursday
• Mark 14: 12-17 and John 13
• The disciples prepare for the Passover
• They find a man carrying a jar of
  water
• Jesus announces his betrayal and his
  betrayer
• It is the one to whom I give this piece
  of bread (John 13:26)

The Arrest of Jesus
• John 18: 1-11

• Jesus prays in Gethsemane

• Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss

• Jesus renounces violence and drinks the
  cup

The Trial(s) of Jesus
• John 18: 23:12 – 19:12 and Luke 23: 6-12
• Jesus trial before Annas
• Jesus trial before Caiaphas
• His trial before Pilate
• Jesus hearing before Herod Antipas
• Jesus final trial and condemnation

Good Friday
• The Synoptic Gospels and John
• The scourging of Jesus
• The way of the cross (Simon of Cyrene)
• The crucifixion of Jesus
• The death of Jesus
• The burial of Jesus

Holy Saturday
• Lord, how could they?

• Lord, is it I?

• We had hoped that He was the One to
 redeem Israel

• Love and hate collided…would hate win?

Easter Day
• John 20 – 21 and the Synoptic Gospels
•  Early on the first day of the week
• The first witness – Mary Magdalene
• Then he appeared to the 10
• Later he appears to Thomas
• Judas takes his own life
• The risen Lord joins two on the road to
  Emmaus
• He appears to 500 and ascends to the Father

The New Jerusalem
• Love and hate contends for Jerusalem
• Love will win
• One day, there will be a new
  Jerusalem (Revelation 21-22)
• Until then, let us work and pray in the
  name of the Risen One
• Pray for the peace of
  Jerusalem (Psalm 122)

What You Might See Today

Pool of Siloam Steps
     to Temple

First Century Street

First Century Shops

Rabbi s Teaching Steps

Mikveh At the Southern
Entrance to Temple Mount

Double Gate to Temple Mount

Trumpeting Stone of the
       Temple

Temple Mount Step

Holy Sepulcher Church

Paving Stones in the
  Jewish Quarter

Kidron Valley

Hinnom Valley or Gehenna