Electromagnetics Group Dept. of Information Technology (INTEC) Ghent University D. De Zutter - Department of Information Technology ...
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Electromagnetics Group Dept. of Information Technology (INTEC) Ghent University D. De Zutter Department of Information Technology – Electromagnetics Group
The Electromagnetics group
staff
z seniors: profs. D. De Zutter (Fellow IEEE),
F. Olyslager (Fellow IEEE), H. Rogier, T. Dhaene (Oct. 1st)
A. Franchois, L. Knockaert
z postdocs: D. Vande Ginste (valorisation IOF), G. Lippens,
B. Rehala
z Ph.D. students: 12
scientific output in the past 15 year
z 30 PhD’s on electromagnetics
z 180 papers in Science Citation Index journals
(mostly IEEE)
z > 250 conference publications
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 2Research topics CAD for broadband interconnect Modelling of large EM problems Antennas and propagation Metamodelling of complex systems Inverse scattering and remote sensing INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 3
CAD for broadband interconnect
responsable: D. De Zutter
solution of Maxwell’s equations to predict and optimise
signal integrity for board – package – chip interconnect
from 2.5D tools towards full 3D approaches using a
combination of MoM, Finite Elements and Finite Difference
Time Domain (FDTD) methods
RLC modelling on chip level, taking into account current
crowding and skin effect at the higher frequencies
long term cooperation with Agilent Technologies
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 4Challenging simulation problems
Flip chip BGA
Build-up layer 2
Build-up layer 1
Multilayercore
Build-up layer 1
Build-up layer 2
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 5Current flow on a complex PCB
current flow
at 2.33 GHz
high-current
low-current
0 0
-10 -10
-20 -20
-30 S11 [dB] -30 S12 [dB]
-40 -40
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0
Frequency [GHz] Frequency [GHz]
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 6Signal integrity signal integrity is compromised over the whole board! INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 7
On-chip interconnect
1
1 1 1 2 3 1
1 1 1 1 1 σ = (1/2.8) 108 S/m - all dimensions in µm
1 4
11 inductance (nH/m)
resistance (Ω/m) 1-1 & 3-3
2-2 2-2
1-1 & 3-3
1-2 & 2-3
1-2 & 2-3
1-3
1-3
frequency frequency
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 8Modelling of large EM problems
responsable: F. Olyslager
solving Maxwell’s equation for large problems using
method of moments (MoM) techniques
development of Multilevel Fast Multipole Methods (MLFMA)
needing NlogN CPU-time and storage requirements
with N the number of unknowns (typically 10 to 20 per wavelength)
2D and 3D techniques in the frequency domain for piecewise
homogeneous materials
3D time-domain problems for the scattering of pulses
parallelization over multiple processors
modelling of hysteresis phenomena on a microscopic scale
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 9Coated lens
εr = 2
1000 λ
εr = 4
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 10Imaging system INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 11
Highly reflective mirrors
3 layers
0.4
3-layers h l h l h l h
7-layers
0.3
electric field EX
7 layers
0.2
0.1
0
-6 -4 -2 0 2
distance (mm)
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 12Fresnel Lens INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 13
EMC - shielding
50 x 50 cm 2D enclosure E-field density at 2GHz
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 14Antennas and propagation
responsable: H. Rogier
antenna and channel modelling for MIMO systems
in indoor and mobile environments (C. Stevens - HoWest)
direction of arrival estimation for smart antenna systems
(J. Verhaevert - HoGent)
mutual coupling in antenna arrays
design, modelling, optimisation and experimental
characterisation of planar antennas on flexible
and on textile substrates
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 15Switched-beam antenna system Four-beam system for IEEE 802.11b protocol INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 16
Co-optimization of (active) planar antennas
2.45 GHz ISM-band antenna
l
Feed
point
w W
air
εr = 2.35 d = 1.57 mm
εr = 3.38 d = 0.78 mm
Low-noise
amplifier
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 17Antenna design
Focus on planar antennas
Use of special materials
– Flexible antennas (polyimide)
– Textile garment antennas
Involvement in the ProeTEX Integrated Project
Design of garment antennas for intelligent firemen suits
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 18Adaptive and MIMO antennas
Mutual coupling in arrays
Compact description for uniform circular arrays
Dedicated mutual coupling compensation for
direction-of-arrival estimation
Antenna correlation vs. MIMO capacity
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 19Full-anechoic chamber INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 20
Metamodelling of complex systems
responsables: T. Dhaene (Oct. 1st) and L. Knockaert
multi-port broadband macromodelling to obtain
SPICE compatible models for high-speed and microwave
circuits and for seamless integration of EM tools in
circuit level system simulations
scalable metamodels for multiport circuits and their automatic
generation for computationally expensive problems
model order reduction techniques reducing very large dynamical
systems to smaller ones with similar input-output behaviour (either
differential equation based or pole/zero based)
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 21Coaxial line simulated with FDTD
total number of E and H field variables: 555 248 reduced to 70!
Coaxiale transmissielijn – 557.248 toestandsvariabelen
20 x 20 x 288
Rc = 50Ω
current
injection
load plane load plane
E
cross-section
input plane
H
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 22Laguerre-SVD MOR
Vergelijking
Input impedancemet
as aresultaat
function uit transmissielijn-theorie
of frequency
Reductie : 555.248 Æ 70
v/j
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 23Metamodelling – example: gap coupling
NG = 7
21
100 µm 100 µm
W G
G NW = 6
100 µm εr=12.9
W: 40 µm Æ 100 µm
G: 1 µm Æ 21 µm 1
freq.: 0 Æ 60 GHz 40 W 100
accuracy: -60 dB
5 3
S(f, W, G) = ∑∑ Cij (f) G i W j + C04 (f) W 4 + C14 (f) G W 4 + C60 (f) G 6
i = 0 j= 0
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 24Metamodelling engine
Flow chart of up-front calculation
Initialization
EM simulation
adaptive Forsythe Fit Multinomials:
adaptive
sample Pm model
selection selection
Fit error < ∆
loop Increase loop
Reflective order
Add data exploration if needed
if needed
Write model file
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 25Inverse scattering and remote sensing
responsable: A. Franchois
new numerical methods for quantitative microwave imaging
of inhomogeneous objects
fast quantitative and qualitative millimeter wave imaging for
security applications
non-destructive testing and imaging for reinforced concrete structures
breast tumor detection by microwave imaging
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 26Millimeter wave imaging (SBO)
Concealed objects
visualization
strategic system Lens Polarizing
grid
Rec eiver array
X
a
(Xm0,yn 0) pixel
Y
n1,pco-/p cro ss-
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 27Detection capability
clothes
skin
fat
muscle
Without object With metal concealed object
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 283D inversion set-up
z 3D inhomogeneous (lossy) dielectric object in domain D
z reconstruct complex permittivity profile
z illumination: time-harmonic with elementary dipoles
receiving
antennas
emitting
antenna
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 29Institut Fresnel – Marseille set-up
polyethylene cube of side 8cm and εr = 2.4
48 illuminations, 43 receivers each i.e. 1800
independent data points
measurement at 2 and 4 GHz
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 30reconstruction example
real part lossess
2 GHz
4 GHz
INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 31Fibre reinforced concrete quality control for metal fibre remote sensing of rebar content reinforced concrete (with Labo Magnel) (with Labo Magnel) INTEC – Electromagnetics Group p. 32
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