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PAU Fair Housing Act Updates architectmagazine.com Bryony Roberts Ponti’s Denver Art Museum Reborn The Journal of The American Paul Andersen Deryl McKissack Has Seen It All Institute of Architects Design for What Matters The 2021 P/A Award winners care about community and context
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4 ARCHITECT, The Journal of The American Institute of Architects, March 2021
Contents
Volume 110, number 02. March 2021.
On the cover: Teweles and Brandeis Grain Elevator, designed by La Dallman.
Below: New Home for The First 72+, designed by OJT.
Tech + Practice AIA Architect
17 Next Progressives: Bryony Roberts Studio 45 ‘We Can Do Both’
20 Opinion: A Moment for Optimism and Realism 47 Circling Back
23 The Rules: New Safe Harbors for the Fair Housing Act 48 Feeling the Squeeze
24 CarbonPositive: A Win for Climate Change Action 52 The Biden Plan to Jump-Start Affordable Housing
26 Residential: Motherhouse 54 An Inclusive Agreement
Independent Architecture
30 On the Boards: Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Expansion
Practice for Architecture and Urbanism
Parting Shot
72 Ponti Reborn
58 The 68th Progressive Architecture Awards
60 Mary Potter School Shop Restoration
Evoke Studio Architecture
62 Wardell
Ja Architecture Studio
64 Teweles and Brandeis Grain Elevator
La Dallman
65 New Home for The First 72+
OJT
66 Uganda Women’s and Children’s Clinic
LS3P
68 Urban Awning
Gensler
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Emerging professionals
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Hanley Wood congratulates and thanks ASI Group for
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architecture’s next generation.ARCHITECT, The Journal of The American Institute of Architects, March 2021 17
Next Progressives:
Bryony Roberts Studio
edited By eriC Wills
Location: new design and historical architecture. together on shared projects. During the
Brooklyn, N.Y. The installation included volumes of pandemic, WIP won the Urban Design
blue cord that extended the grid lines Forum competition, titled Care for
Year founded: of the building and were hung from Hudson Square, and is now overseeing
2012 aluminum frames that fit snugly into the construction of a streetscape in
the existing aluminum details. lower Manhattan for spring 2021.
Firm leadership:
Bryony Roberts Defining project: Which architects have
Marching On, which was a collaboration influenced your practice
Education: with Mabel O. Wilson and the Marching and how?
M.Arch., Princeton Cobras of New York. Commissioned by Andrés Jaque, Anna Puigjaner of
School of Architecture; the Storefront for Art and Architecture, MAIO, and Mabel Wilson inspire us
B.A., Yale University and presented with Performa 17, this by combining research and practice
research, performance, and exhibition and by addressing social issues
Experience: project was a multiyear exploration intersectionally. Borderless Studio,
WORKac in New York; Mansilla + of how marching band performances WXY, Interboro, CUP, and Hector
Tuñón Arquitectos in Madrid in African American communities influence us with their community-
have been important mediums of based methods of urban design
Firm’s mission: cultural and political expression. It that bring participatory playfulness
The practice creates community- examined how ephemeral actions and to serious planning issues. Many
based projects in the public realm. performances can be just as powerful art and performance practices also
We produce immersive environments as built structures in transforming inspire us, whether it’s the material
and events that transform existing public spaces. experimentation of Tanya Aguiñiga,
public spaces, addressing their Liz Collins, or Carmen Argote, or
complex architectural and social Another important project: the interactive performance projects
histories. We combine methods Soft Civic, which was commissioned of Nick Cave, Franz West, and
from art, architecture, and historic by Exhibit Columbus in 2019 and Hélio Oiticica.
preservation to pursue expanded transformed the City Hall building
site-specificity, responding not only by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. The Ambitions for the firm in the
Courtesy Bryony roBerts studio
to the existing architecture and project was an opportunity to engage coming five years:
landscape, but also to layers of a charged political space through both Designing and building more projects
social history and contemporary design and programming. in the public realm; continuing to
urban change. scale up with projects that grow from
Most successful collaboration: research and social outreach and
First commission: Many of our projects are collaborative lead to strategic planning and design
It was actually self-initiated—an and we couldn’t pick a favorite, but the interventions; continuing to work with
installation at the Neutra VDL House most recent is being part of the WIP the WIP Collaborative on projects
in Los Angeles. Funded by a Graham Collaborative. A feminist architecture that use our combined skills in
Foundation Grant, the project explored collaborative, WIP is a platform for architecture, landscape architecture,
creative preservation, intertwining independent practitioners to work and urban design.
> To read more about Bryony Roberts Studio, visit bit.ly/NextProgressivesBryonyRoberts.18
2
1
Next Progressives:
Bryony Roberts Studio
1
2
2
1: Jaime Kowal (left), courtesy Bryony roBerts studio (right); 2: hadley fruits19
3
4 4
3: Courtesy Bryony roBerts studio; 4: Courtesy Bryony roBerts, MaBel o. Wilson, and the
MarChing CoBras of neW york (left), Miguel de guzMan (right); 5: Marta laMovsek
5
1. Imprint, a 2017 installation at the Orange County
Museum of Art in Santa Ana, Calif., featured an exact
replica of the building’s concrete façade—a kind of
historical homage to the Brutalist stucture, before the
institution moved into a Morphosis-designed outpost.
2. Soft Civic used custom-fabricated structures with
woven surfaces to turn the public spaces around SOM’s
City Hall in Columbus, Ind., into destinations for play and
performance. 3. Community Platform, a collaboration
with landscape architect Colleen Tuite, creates market
stalls and other public space by connecting the two
sides of the abandoned train tracks of the Petite
Ceinture in Paris. 4. Marching On, a collaboration with
the young performers of the Marching Cobras, helped
develop new methods of social practice, collaboration,
and research in the design of public space. 5. Global
Grad Show, a collaboration with SO — IL for Dubai
Design Week in 2019, featured 28,000 square feet of
fabric and created an alien landscape in the desert.20
Opinion:
A Moment for Optimism and Realism
text by Deryl McKissacK
My career has also had challenges. were not used to having a woman on
Working at my father’s drafting table the job, in the room, or giving orders.
while in high school, I could produce Business consolidations that have
drawings by hand that passed muster produced behemoth AEC firms have
with clients. Studying architecture made it even more difficult for women-
and engineering at Howard University, and Black-owned firms to grow and
The AEC industry has never been quite a historically Black university compete.
the meritocracy we may have thought. surrounded by the Capitol’s grandeur, Awareness of bias will not
Racism thrives in a way that’s painfully substantiated my belief that talent guarantee that we can build back with
apparent to those who live through it. If moved you up in the AEC industry. equity once our COVID fever breaks.
history—at least my personal history— But entering the working world as a But the first step is having the humility
is a guide, bringing more diversity, civil engineer shook my certainty; as to admit that sexism and racism are
equity, and inclusion to the industry a Black woman, I was relegated to still among us—and that coming to
will be harder than it seems in this the task at hand and received clear grips with them will be a lifetime effort.
moment of national reckoning. reminders to stay in my lane. My firm owes its success not
I’m part of a long history of Blacks In my first field job, a supervisor only to its ability to execute with
in architecture and construction. The did not give a second thought to the precision and excellence but also to
anonymity of the drafting table allowed Confederate flag displayed on the wall its efforts to give other women- and
my grandfather Moses McKissack III behind his desk. He also complained minority-owned business enterprises
and great-uncle Calvin Lunsford to me freely about the Black a seat at the table as partners and
McKissack to co-found McKissack construction workers’ lunch-break subcontractors. As AEC professionals,
& McKissack in 1921. They designed naps—the laborers worked by day we must take steps in our practices
houses, churches, and schools to put themselves through school at not only in hiring, mentoring, and
in Black and white Nashville night, yet he assumed they were lazy. promotion, but also in procurement,
neighborhoods, yet they struggled to But he was the boss and correcting charitable giving, and community
secure contracts outside Tennessee him was not my place. action. When working in underserved
and to build a Black-owned business I vowed to do things differently in areas, firms should find ways to hire
during the Great Depression. building my own practice. Everyone local businesses and stakeholders.
Even with a handsome portfolio of would have a role and a voice in the These actions are easier said than
schools and commercial structures, concepts they helped bring to life. done. But we understand process. We
the McKissack brothers and their But inclusion in the broader business know how to put ideas and plans into
credentials were questioned—and only world proved another matter entirely. practice to realize meaningful projects
grudgingly accepted—throughout the According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor and effect substantial change. We
South. A turning point in their business Statistics, women account for fewer can and should be able to apply these HeatHer Houston
came in 1942 when they won the 99th than 30% of architects and Blacks only skills to our DEI efforts. If history is
Pursuit Squadron air base in Tuskegee, about 7%. In engineering, 16% of civil a guide, our work will be better for it.
Ala. At $5.7 million ($96 million in engineers are women and 3.9% are That alone merits optimism.
today’s dollars), it was the largest Black. It’s tough to rise in these fields,
federal contract ever given to a Black- especially given the importance of Deryl McKissack is CEO of McKissack & McKissack,
owned firm at the time. personal contacts. Early on, many men based in Washington, D.C.
> To read more opinions, visit bit.ly/AROpinion. Interested in writing? Submit your pitch to stories@architectmagazine.com.2021
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The Journal of The American
Institute of Architects
Health, safety, and welfare
are the bedrock of architectural
practice.
Hanley Wood congratulates and thanks SAFTI FIRST for
supporting enlightened standards in building regulation,
design, and construction.23
The Rules:
New Safe Harbors for the Fair Housing Act
text by terri PeterS
On March 8, the U.S. Department of governments. “It is not as simple as
Housing and Urban Development will getting a building permit or meeting
adopt new safe harbor design and local codes, and therefore thinking a
construction requirements for the Fair project is FHA compliant,” says Doug
Housing Act, a 1968 civil rights bill Anderson, a partner at Chicago-based
that was amended in 1987 to include LCM Architects, which is currently
accessibility requirements for the providing FHA consultation—including
design and construction of multifamily plan and due-diligence reviews and
housing. In addition to 10 existing construction walk-throughs—on more
resources, the new safe harbors are than 300 multifamily developments
the 2009 edition of the International across the country. Common
Code Council/American National violations Anderson has seen include
Standards Institute A117.1 “Accessible errors in the design of accessible
and Usable Buildings and Facilities” exterior routes, such as curb ramps;
and the 2009, 2012, 2015, and 2018 insufficient space in kitchens and
Projects with four or more units constructed behind
editions of the International Building bathrooms; and inadequate widths
a preserved façade must follow FHA guidelines.
Code, which reference ICC/ANSI A117.1. and slopes for accessible ramps.
The FHA requires that buildings The new safe harbors enable the property becomes theirs should
with four or more units built after designers to choose a compliance owners default on the loan, lenders
March 1991 incorporate features for path that is closest in alignment with want to avoid the liability of owning
people with disabilities. Its design their local regulations. Ideally, the or selling noncompliant property.
and construction requirements apply result will be less confusion—and less Likewise, owners want to ensure their
only to new projects at the time of first paperwork. Integrating accessibility buildings meet or exceed minimum
occupancy. Existing buildings that are from the project outset can save requirements to protect the value of
converted into multifamily housing are costly updates and compliance work their asset.
exempt, as is housing built before 1991, later on—and create more equitable Though updating the safe harbors
even in future renovations; however, housing. “Accessible design is just is a step in the right direction, some
state and local governments may good design,” says Karen Braitmayer, architects may think more ambitious
mandate the requirements. Public Faia, founder and managing director of accessibility regulations should
housing or projects that receive Seattle-based Studio Pacifica, which be put in place. For example, the
federal funding also may be subject consults on accessibility and inclusive compliance requirements could be
to other HUD requirements. Even with design. “If designers are clear on the extended to include renovations and
these exceptions, nearly 40 million features to aim for, they can use their pre-1991 construction. “Yes, we could
Diane Deaton Street
multifamily projects across the country creative spark to bring beauty and go further, for example, to incorporate
are subject to the FHA’s design and functionality together.” updates for the needs of mobility aid
construction requirements. Anderson says lenders might users or to further explore what folks
The last update to safe harbors was request proof of FHA compliance from with sensory disabilities need in their
15 years ago. Generally speaking, these a third-party consultant when, for homes and communities,” Braitmayer
safe harbors are outdated and no example, the owner wants to borrow says. “But now is time to celebrate a
longer referenced by state and local money for future renovations; because win-win!”
> To read about the latest standards in the building industry, visit bit.ly/ARTheRules.24
CarbonPositive:
A Win for Climate Change Action
IntervIew by KIrA Gould, AllIed AIA
The selection of Edward Mazria, FAIA, Earth’s systems, renewable resources, How is the AIA 2030 Commitment,
as the recipient of this year’s AIA Gold and energy, while protecting the with more than 800 signatory firms,
Medal transpires at an auspicious time planet’s ecosystems and biodiversity. progressing?
for architecture and the world. The The 2019 AIA 2030 Commitment
U.S. has rejoined the Paris Agreement, Some architects still balk at Report details a 49% average
emissions-related policy is actively transitioning toward climate- reduction in energy use intensity (EUI)
being discussed in the government, responsive design, saying for buildings reported that year. For
and climate-responsive design and “clients aren’t asking for it” these projects, most of the energy and
practice are becoming normalized. or “it costs more.” emissions decisions were made in the
Having worked with Mazria for several That response is a red herring, a early stages of design, in 2015 to 2017,
years on climate change advocacy deflection, a way to abdicate or even earlier.
through his organization, Architecture responsibility. Look, change is not The 2030 Commitment called for a
2030, and through AIA and its easy: It requires work, education, and 60% fossil fuel reduction prior to 2015
Committee on the Environment, I retooling, and it can be threatening. and 70% from 2015 to 2020, with the
wanted to know what he thinks lies There are no additional costs to reduction accomplished by energy
ahead for the profession. designing responsibly. Architects efficiency—measured by building EUI—
have almost total design flexibility and by adding on-site and/or of-site
Does your win of the AIA Gold as long as a client’s programmatic renewable energy for up to 20% of the
Medal seem like a significant requirements are met and the project total reduction. To meet these targets,
departure from past recipients is brought in on budget. a building’s EUI would need to have a
and a signal about how we view, During design, architects make minimum 48% reduction from baseline
practice, and celebrate hundreds of decisions, and each has if designed before 2015, and a 56%
leadership in architecture? environmental and cost implications. reduction if designed after that. So the
Mazria: Definitely. In January, In my 50 years of architectural average 49% EUI reduction reported in
[Archimage co-founder] Richard practice, I’ve never heard a client say 2019 is an incredibly encouraging sign.
Buday, FAIA, wrote in a provocative they wanted an inefficient building that
Common Edge article that we are costs more to operate and damages How do you advise architects who
in desperate need of a new “style” the environment. are exploring the role that climate
of architecture and proposed justice plays in climate action?
“buildings of the earth not on it” as “I’ve never heard Fossil fuel emissions and climate
an opportunity, evoking Frank Lloyd
Wright’s Usonian design style.
a client say change have a disproportionate and
devastating impact on low-income and
By awarding me the Gold Medal they wanted an underserved communities, which have
this year, AIA forced the issue of
architecture and style into the open,
inefficient building also been hit the hardest by COVID-19.
Tackling emissions is fundamental to
recognizing that we’re transitioning that … damages seeking a healthy, equitable future for
toward an “Architecture of the
Earth”—not just as a style, but also as
the environment.” all. Our opportunity to slow emissions
and then reverse global warming is
substance and actions—integrating —Edward Mazria, FAIA, right now—and it requires urgent and
existing and new architecture with the Architecture 2030 founder and CEO sustained action from every designer.
> For the full version of Kira Gould’s interview with Edward Mazria, visit bit.ly/ARkgEM.LOBBY? NO, IT’S YOUR WASHROOM. Whoever said the washroom (the most frequented room in any building) shouldn’t be as nice as the lobby? ASI just gave the washroom a makeover—you can too. Visit americanspecialties.com/thebod to explore the new standard for basis of design in washrooms. Featured in this ad are our exclusive Velare™ and Piatto™ collections of washroom accessories, ASI Alpaco™ partitions, and ASI lockers.
26
Residential:
Motherhouse
Denver
Independent Architecture
text by madeleine d’angelo
In the summer of 2017, Paul Andersen, Located in Denver’s Sunnyside Project Credits
aia, began designing a house for neighborhood, Motherhouse had Project: Motherhouse, Denver
Design Architect: Independent
his mother—but not one that she two main sources of inspiration:
Architecture, Denver .
would live in. Following a tradition Andersen’s fascination with Paul Andersen, AIA (director),
of early-career architects taking architectural repetition and variation, Drew Stanley (project designer)
on supportive family as clients, and the German architect O.M. Ungers’ Structural Engineer: Rebecca Faverty,
KL&A Engineers and Builders
Andersen collaborated with his mother, House Without Qualities, built in
Civil Engineer: Dave Beasley,
Frandene, on a project that would give Cologne. “That house acquired a lot American Geotechnical
his firm, Denver-based Independent of character through the excessive General Contractor: Joe Dooling,
Architecture, a chance to explore formal repetition of identical elements,” Dooling Design Build
innovations in residential design. Andersen says, including a series Size: 3,100 square feet (house),
550 square feet (garage)
Completed in 2019, the resulting of stacked double doors. Inspired
Cost: $720,000
Motherhouse, an honorable mention
in arCHiteCt’s 2018 P/A Awards, does
just that, challenging the bounds of
conventional, suburban architecture
in the U.S.
James Florio
Motherhouse’s candy-striped envelope comprises yellow-and-white-painted Boral TruExterior nickel-gap siding made from polymers and fly ash.
> To see more photos and diagrams of Motherhouse, visit bit.ly/ARmother21.28
Residential: four bedrooms each have unique,
Independent Architecture vaulted ceilings.
Motherhouse sold this past
summer, achieving Independent
Architect’s aim: to design a house
that was architecturally ambitious,
but also livable. “I hoped that, even
if people weren’t interested in any of
the intellectual architecture issues,
that they would like it as a house,”
Andersen says. “You can do interesting
work without getting crazy technology
or materials. You can use stuff that we
use all the time.”
to design an “American, suburban
version of the Ungers house,”
Independent Architecture studied the
existing architecture in Sunnyside,
finding a number of “quirky houses”
with truncated roofs and unexpected
gables. “It seemed like there might
be a way to do something where
repetition of a single element [was]
combined with an idiosyncrasy that
was carried in a formal way through
the entire project,” Andersen says.
The resulting two-story,
3,100-square-foot house is a collection
of conventional parts in excess, with
24 exterior doors and a shingled roof
with multiple gables. The project’s
yellow-and-white-striped envelope,
composed of a poly-ash siding, is a Upper Level Plan Daylight spills into the
pattern of repeating blocks featuring project’s open-plan main
identical double doors. But there’s a level through misaligned
twist: Compared with the one next to double doors.
it, each block shifts a quarter module
to the side, disrupting the overall Some of the project’s 111
geometric repetition. A miniature total interior and exterior
gable, tacked onto the house’s right doors lead to additional
side, adds additional whimsy, as does storage space for the
a 550-square-foot detached garage. house.
The garage has a “funny effect,”
Main Level Plan
Andersen says, because “the smaller
building has the larger scale.”
Daylight floods the interior through
Motherhouse’s many doors, warming
its open-plan ground floor. Some of
the 59 interior doors lead to internal
storage rooms—a pragmatic addition,
James Florio
because the water table at the site was
too high for a basement. A monolithic
staircase bifurcates the ground floor n
and rises to the second floor, where 0 10 20Unique curved body is Deep-drawn corners have
specifically engineered to no visible welds and provide
eliminate large gaps and superior finish
areas for entrapment
Handles guide patrons Enhanced built-in frame
to operate the unit with provides exceptional
less than 5 lbs. force bed stability
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On the Boards:
Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Expansion
Cleveland, Ohio
Practice for Architecture and Urbanism
text by madeleine d’angelo
Ever since its completion in 1995,
I.M. Pei’s Rock and Roll Hall of
Fame Museum in Cleveland, Ohio, a
juxtaposition of geometric forms and
shimmering glass pyramids along
Lake Erie, has been an essential
driver for the regional economy. So
it’s no surprise that the museum has
embarked on a sweeping renovation
and expansion of the 143,000-square-
foot project. In January 2020, after
securing a neighboring, 1-acre plot
of land from the city of Cleveland,
the institution submitted an RFQ to
The current design includes an outdoor performance space and public, lakefront gathering spaces.
22 leading architects around the world, Operations, softens the steel façade.
then selected a shortlist of eight firms. The plaza also contains a band shell
This past December, the Rock Hall that resembles a “piece of flying
chose the winning team, led by New concrete,” according to Chakrabarti,
York’s Practice for Architecture and adding a kinetic quality and additional
Urbanism. performance space to the project.
The winning design, a 50,000- Construction is scheduled
Courtesy PraCtiCe for arChiteCture and urbanism
square-foot triangular building clad in to begin soon after the finalized
galvanized steel (a nod to Cleveland’s design is released in early 2022
industrial history), contains additional (Cooper Robertson is responsible for
exhibition, events, and education programming and documentation,
spaces. The juxtaposition of the new and the local firm Robert Madison
triangle with Pei’s existing pyramid— International is the architect of record).
from above, he designed the building Even as the design evolves,
to appear like a giant turntable—pays Chakrabarti aims to ensure that it
Project Credits homage to the architect while also generates “communities of connection”
Project: Rock & Roll Hall of Fame Expansion, channeling “some of the irreverence of through accessible spaces—from the
Cleveland, Ohio
Client: The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame rock and roll,” says PAU founder and entry hall to the pathway through the
Design Architect and Project Lead: Practice for creative director Vishaan Chakrabarti, museum— that encourage moments of
Architecture and Urbanism, New York faia. “There’s a kind of beautiful, “positive social friction,” Chakrabarti
Architect of Record: Robert Madison International almost musical tension between the says. “When I think about a project like
Landscaping: James Corner Field Operations
new and the old.” the Rock Hall, it’s all about how do you
Programming and Documentation: Cooper Robertson
Lighting: L’Observatoire A plaza at the triangle’s core, generate spaces of human and cultural
Size: 50,000 square feet landscaped by James Corner Field connection?”
> To see more renderings of the Rock Hall Expansion, visit bit.ly/ARrockhall.Building
Construction and design practices Values That
that protect the environment are more
than a good idea, they're becoming an Go Beyond
essential part of doing business. But
when it comes to building in a way that
Sustainability
truly respects and preserves our limited
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Or use this QR code to watch our brand video.
Find your Architectural Consultant by using the locator on our website.
Find ideas and inspiration by joining our Instagram community.CONT IN UI NG E D U CAT I ON
Customizable Acoustical Solutions
Presented By:
for Open Plenum Design
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Examine the importance of acoustical design for
open spaces and how free-hanging and direct-
mounted ceiling systems provide acoustic control.
2. Identify how to transform a space using custom-
izable metal ceiling systems for open plenums.
3. Assess how to enhance open plenums with wood
ceiling systems.
4. Describe how to design with innovative
fiberglass ceiling systems, including oversized
panels, clouds, and baffles, to achieve dramatic,
sculptural design.
5. Explore how to use felt ceiling systems to
maximize acoustics and aesthetics.
CONTINUING EDUCATION
AIA CREDIT: 1 LU/HSW
Use the learning objectives to focus your study as you
© Bob Perzel
read this article. To earn credit and obtain a certificate
of completion, visit http://go.hw.net/AR032021-3 to
view the entire CEU and complete the quiz. If you
are new to Hanley Wood University, CEU courses are
ACOUSTICAL DESIGN FOR OPEN SPACES tactics provide industrial flair to a space, free of charge once you create a new learner account;
Modern open spaces create a unique set of but often lead to an uncomfortable acoustic returning users log in as usual.
challenges when it comes to acoustics. For environment. The use of glass, wood,
the past several decades, historic factories, metal, polished stone, concrete, and other
warehouses, and other buildings with open floor acoustically reflective materials can further
plans have been converted into offices, studios, exacerbate this problem. In addition, the hide unsightly HVAC ductwork, plumbing,
retail, or living spaces. The adaptive reuse of numerous benefits of daylighting buildings and fire protection systems that are typically
these buildings is a trend that is not going away, have been studied extensively, which has located in the ceiling plenum. But wall-
and it can pose challenges when the purpose led to more open floor plans where daylight to-wall suspended ceilings are often not
of a building is fundamentally changed to meet can spill across the entire space, or soaring aesthetically desirable or practical. Creative
different occupant needs. Noise control was not atriums that flood lobbies and other public freedom and acoustic control can be achieved
part of the design when most of these buildings spaces with natural light. simultaneously, without the need for a
were constructed, and now that they’re Fortunately, there are innovative open suspended ceiling. With the strategic use of
being used for offices and living spaces that plenum ceiling systems on the market that ceiling treatments, you can achieve the right
require varying degrees of privacy and quiet, can help to overcome these challenges while acoustic performance in each space without
optimizing acoustics is paramount.1 adding incredible aesthetics to the space. compromising visual impact or the budget.
New buildings are also being designed Wall-to-wall suspended ceilings were typically Acoustic alternatives to suspended
with open plans and open plenums. These used in the past for acoustic control and to ceiling tiles include clouds, pods, beams and
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTIONCONT IN UI NG E D U CAT I ON
baffles, and wall panels, which are available and require more sound absorption to achieve voice has a general range between 80 Hz to
in a variety of materials like metal, wood, an acceptable RT. The reverse is true for 240 Hz for men and 140 Hz to 500 Hz for
fiberglass, and felt. These systems can smaller volume spaces. women. For comparison, a piano produces
significantly improve acoustics and, when The right reverberation time for a space sounds between 27.5 Hz and 4186 Hz. The
properly configured, can achieve sound depends on the purpose of the space. If the human ear can distinguish sounds between
absorption comparable to that of a traditional goal is to maximize speech intelligibility, 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz. The NRC of a product
wall-to-wall acoustic ceiling tile system, but which is important for office environments, is determined by averaging how much sound
with a much more exciting aesthetic. the RT should be less than 1 second. Some it absorbs at four frequencies: 250, 500, 1000,
areas require a livelier, more energetic and 2000 Hz. This average is represented as
FUNDAMENTALS OF ACOUSTICS sound environment. Restaurants and other a decimal between 0.00 (no absorption at
Choosing the right acoustical products social spaces are most comfortable with all) and 1.00 (complete absorption), rounded
for an open plenum space requires a basic an RT between 1.4 and 2 seconds, but to the nearest .05.5 For example, fiberglass is
understanding of the acoustic principles these even energetic spaces require some sound one highly sound-absorbent option for ceiling
products are designed to address. absorption to strike the balance between panels, with an NRC that typically ranges from
comfortably lively and just plain loud.3 0.90 to 1.00.
Reverberation Time (RT)
A primary acoustic concern in open spaces is Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)4 Sabins6
reverberation time (RT), which is the time it Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) is another Another key to understanding the sound
takes for the sound to die off after the source measurement that is often used with building absorbing capabilities of an acoustical
has stopped. RT is directly impacted by the products, such as acoustic panels. NRC is product is the Sabin, which can be helpful
exposed surface area of sound-absorbing a test measurement of sound absorption. when designing open plenum spaces. Every
materials in the space.2 For example, a To appreciate how NRC is calculated, you exposed surface has sound absorption
completely empty, unfurnished 1,000 ft2 must first understand frequency, which is the and offers a quantity of Sabins when
space with 12' high ceilings (12,000 ft³) and measurement of how often a wave passes a calculating RT. Sabins are the measurement
standard drywall surfaces has an RT of 3.2 fixed point in one second. Measured in hertz of the quantity of sound absorption
sec. Acoustic surfaces anywhere within the (Hz), frequency dictates the pitch of the provided by anything inside of a space. This
space like upholstered furniture, carpet, and sound and its audibility to the human ear. measurement can take the form of Sabins
curtains will shorten RT. Room volume is also High frequency sounds are high pitched. Low per square foot of an exposed surface (wall,
a driver. Larger spaces have larger volumes frequency sounds are low pitched. The human floor, ceiling) or it can be the absorption
from a three-dimensional element in the
space like furniture, baffles, or clouds. This is
GLOSSARY important to our discussion as a wall-to-wall
Baffle—An architectural device used to prevent the designation represents the average of the sound acoustic ceiling absorbs sound through a
spread of sound or light in a particular direction absorption coefficients of a material at 250 Hz, 500 single, exposed face, whereas the products
Beam—A horizontal ceiling element that creates Hz, 1000 Hz, and 2000 Hz rounded to the nearest we will discuss in this course, such as baffles
visual interest, separation, and depth 0.05 when tested in accordance with ASTM C 423 and clouds, are absorbing sound from all
Cloud—Free hanging ceiling element that is exposed Open Plenum—The space provided for HVAC, exposed surfaces.
for sound absorption on all sides plumbing, lighting, and other systems that is There is a direct relationship between the
Frequency—The measurement, in hertz (Hz), of typically located between the structural ceiling and reduction in sound level in a room and the
how often a sound wave passes a fixed point in one a drop-down ceiling; an open plenum results in an amount of sound absorption added to the
second; frequency dictates the pitch of the sound exposed structural ceiling room. A high NRC material (like fiberglass)
and its audibility to the human ear Reverberation Time (RT)—The time it takes for the will typically translate to products having a
No-Added Urea Formaldehyde (NAUF)—Urea- sound to die off after the source has stopped; RT high level of Sabins, but ultimately the total
Formaldehyde is a type of resin that is used as is directly impacted by the exposed surface area of amount of sound absorption is determined
a bonding agent in some types of plywood and sound-absorbing materials in the space by either the square footage of the material
composite wood panels; NAUF products are Sabins—A unit of sound absorption necessary for in the space or the number of panels, clouds,
specifically manufactured by the wood industry Reverberation Time calculations or baffles in the space. In order to compare
to remove urea formaldehyde from the bonding Wall-to-wall suspended ceiling—Typically a metal Sabins to NRC, take the NRC provided for
process, eliminating the harmful effects of VOCs, grid that supports ceiling tiles that are used for the product and multiply it by the total
like eye and throat irritation acoustic control and to hide unsightly HVAC square footage for that product; that will
Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC)—Measure of ductwork, plumbing, and fire protection systems give you the number of Sabins that it is
sound absorbed by a material; the single number located in the ceiling plenum bringing to the space. This will apply to
products that are installed as a full wall-to-
SPECIAL ADVERTISING SECTIONCONT IN UI NG E D U CAT I ON
wall ceiling, or to things like floor coverings and felt, are inherently sound absorbent while Designing with Metal Ceiling Systems
and wall coverings, such as gypsum board others, like wood and metal, are not. But, Metal beams and baffles allow for easy
or glass. they can be combined with sound absorbent plenum accessibility and a variety of
Free hanging elements like clouds and materials to create solutions that have the installation options. There is an extensive
baffles, since they are exposed for sound desired combination of aesthetics and portfolio of lengths, widths, and heights to
absorption on all sides, behave somewhat acoustic traits. Now let’s delve more deeply choose from along with canted, tiered, and
differently than a traditional lay-in ceiling. into each of these open plenum solutions. diverging options to create unique designs.
As such, a good rule of thumb is that, Designers are able to create topography and
typically, 50–60% coverage of the ceiling will rhythm at interior ceiling planes by combining
perform similarly to a full wall-to-wall ceiling beams and baffles of multiple heights and
constructed of high-quality fiberglass ceiling reveals. They can be precision-cut with
panels. The panels being exposed on all sides straight and curved elements to create peaks,
allow for more than just the panel face to valleys, angles, walls, and screens. Twist clips
absorb sound, hence fewer panels are needed can also be used to create a sense of motion.
to perform like a wall-to-wall ceiling.
In short, 100 ft2 of wall-to-wall fiberglass
ceiling offers 100 ft2 of 0.90 NRC or
approximately 90 Sabins. However, 100 ft2 © Josh New
of fiberglass hanging baffles actually have
Beams and baffles help to disperse noise in a space, even
200 ft2 of exposed surface and can offer when made from material that is not inherently sound
approximately double what is offered by absorbent. For better acoustical performance, metal
beams and baffles are also available with a combination of
the suspended ceiling. Of course, acoustic
perforations and acoustical infill that allow the sound to pass
evaluation isn’t quite that simple, but this into the beam and be absorbed inside rather than reflect off
conceptual description should provide a its surface.
better understanding. Typically, acoustic National Interstate: © Studio 66 LLC
elements are tested to provide a useful METAL CEILING SOLUTIONS FOR OPEN Metal ceiling systems can be clad in both real wood veneer
acoustic descriptor, Sabins per unit. This PLENUM SPACES7 or decorative wood-look options.
enables a calculation of how the introduction The metal ceiling systems we will discuss
of this unit (or several units) will affect the RT in this course include beams and baffles A wide choice of colors, wood looks, and
of the space. constructed of lightweight extruded finishes are possible, with manufacturers
aluminum. As mentioned earlier, metal is not often offering custom color matching upon
OPEN PLENUM SOLUTIONS AND WHY sound absorbent, but metal beam and baffle request. Light color finishes such as white
FORM AND MATERIAL MATTER products are available with a combination of can increase daylighting, as they have higher
There are many types of open plenum perforations and sound absorbent infill that light reflective values. To prevent glare,
solutions available to achieve the acoustics allows the sound to pass into the beam and designers should specify a low-gloss finish.
we’ve discussed, including baffles, beams, and be absorbed inside rather than reflect off its Metal ceiling systems can also be clad in
clouds. The materials used in these products surface. Such systems can be specified for both real wood veneer or decorative wood-
matter greatly. Some materials, like fiberglass acoustic performance, as they can achieve look options. While real wood veneer is only
NRC values of 0.70 and higher. suitable for interior applications, decorative
powder-coated, wood-look options can be
specified for both interiors and exteriors. In
addition, designers can incorporate lighted
backgrounds into some metal ceiling systems
to create illumination and depth.
From a practical standpoint, a key feature
of beam and baffle systems is its integration
with a standard heavy-duty 15/16" T-grid
system that allows for easy installation—the
same type of system used for traditional
suspended ceilings. Beams mount via hidden
© Eric Laignel © Bob Perzel
scissor clips to enable single-beam access
With the strategic use of ceiling treatments, you can achieve Designers are able to create topography and rhythm at to the plenum as well as freedom from fixed
the right acoustic performance in each space without interior ceiling planes by combining metal beams and baffles
compromising visual impact or the budget. of multiple heights and reveals. modular assemblies.
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