Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search

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Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search
Conversion Rate
Optimisation
A small business guide
Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search
Contents

About this e-Book               03

Why conversion rate 			         04
optimisation

A focus on ROI                  05

A 6 step approach to CRO        06

Creating goals and funnels      10

Types of tests                  12

Statistical significance        14
& confidence levels

Identifying areas to optimise   16

Anatomy of a high converting    20
landing page

Tools                           22

The impact of speed on          23
conversion rates

7 tips to improve page speed    24

Hosting for small businesses    26
Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search
About this e-Book
What would a 2%, 5%, 15% or 25% increase in conversion rates mean for
your business? This is the question that conversion rate optimisation seeks
to address and deliver.

There are really two ways in which       This e-book will give you a solid foundation for

you can increase the revenue             understanding how to improve website conversion
                                         rates for your business, whether you’re running
generated via your business
                                         an eCommerce shop selling consumer goods,
website. You can get more visitors       generating leads for a professional service or
‘through the front door’, or you         launching a ground breaking, industry disrupting

can ensure that your landing             web application.

pages, product pages, checkout
                                         In Chapter One we introduce you to a ‘6 step
processes and shopping carts             framework’ that will give you a good overview of
secure the transaction and turn a        the CRO process - from start to finish.

visitor into a paying customer or
                                         From there, we’ll explore some of the topics in
lead.
                                         more detail; from creating hypotheses, to test
                                         types and setting up A/B tests, from the anatomy
                                         of a good landing page to prime targets for
                                         improvement. We’ll also cover some of the key
                                         tools you’ll want in your conversion optimisation
                                         toolbox, from Google Analytics, to Hotjar to
                                         Optimizely.

                                         Finally, we will take a look at the effects
                                         of website speed on conversion rates,
                                         how to assess your page load speed,
                                         what you can do to make it faster, and
                                         thereby maximise conversion rates from
                                         your existing visitors.
Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search
Why conversion
rate optimisation

Conversion Rate (CR)             is a key website metric that reveals the percentage of
                                 your website’s total traffic that completed a specific
                                 goal or action, defined by you. Not surprisingly, the
                                 higher the conversion rate, the better.

Conversion Rate                  is the process by which performance driven
                                 marketers and website managers seek to measure
Optimisation (CRO)
                                 those goals or actions and test various tactics to
                                 optimise the outcomes.

                                 It’s both an art and a science and incremental
                                 improvements in conversion rates have the potential
                                 to generate a significant return for businesses of all
                                 sizes.

Many companies still             Conversion rate optimisation is about much
                                 more than simply running a few A/B tests. It’s a
approach web design as           systematic and ongoing approach that can be
a predominantly creative         applied to most aspects of successful business
                                 activity:
exercise and not a business
project.
                                          a focus on creating SMART goals

If the goal of a website is               testing approaches to delivering those goals
to make sales or produce                  testing and measuring the results of various
leads, its success should be              tactics

evaluated on business results.            making decisions based on hard data and not
                                          guess work

                                          discarding ineffective tactics and replicating
                                          those that deliver on objectives
Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search
A focus on ROI
Here is a simplified view of the potential ROI from well-planned Conversion
Rate Optimisation can look like.

20,000               X      2%                 X         $50                     =      $20,000

Average Monthly             Current Rate                 Average                        Current Monthly
Visitors                    Conversion                   Customer Value                 Revenue

It’s not uncommon to achieve an average conversion rate lift of 40%. Here is what happens to monthly
revenue with that kind of lift:

20,000               X      2.8%               X         $50                     =      $28,000

Average Monthly             Potential                    Average                        Potential Monthly
Visitors                    Conversion Rate              Customer Value                 Revenue

Bear in mind that once you have improved your conversion rate, all things being equal, this should deliver
the same increased ROI month after month.
Conversion Rate Optimisation - A small business guide - Synapse Search
A 6 step approach to CRO
There’s no single “correct” way to approach conversion rate optimisation. The best model
for your business and website will depend on a multitude of factors, from your business
goals to the sector or niche you’re in, the set-up of your current website to your available
resources. And of course, your level of expertise in regards to digital marketing and
ecommerce principles.

However, there are several general principles of CRO that will apply to the majority of models and methodologies.
We’ve taken a look at these below, organised as a six-step approach.

                    The Discovery Phase: Data Gathering

     1              What are your business goals and how does your website
                    support them? Business goals should determine website goals
                    and these will determine your CRO tests.

      1.1        The Company                   •   What are your company’s goals? Explore the DNA of your business.
                                               •   What are your unique selling points (USPs)?
                                               •   What are the common objections? (Try speaking to people outside
                                                   of your marketing team.)

     1.2         The Customers                 •   Who are your customers and what do you know about them?
                                               •   Explore your customer segments, and break these down into buyer
                                                   personas.
                                               •   What are their pain points or problems that your product or service
                                                   is trying to solve?
                                               •   What are the biggest customer objections?
                                               •   Which USPs resonate most with your customers?

     1.3         The Website                   •   What does the sales process look like from start to finish?
                                               •   Ensure you have analytics tracking and reporting in place to ensure
                                                   your CRO efforts aren’t just guesswork.
                                               •   Have conversion funnels been created? Try to find where the most
                                                   common drop-off points are and take a deeper dive into why. See
                                                   the section on creating funnels.
                                               •   What’s the current traffic breakdown?
                                               •   What sources do conversions usually come from?
2          Create your hypotheses and plan your tests
          The results of your conversion rate optimisation programme
          will only be as good as the hypotheses you create and test.

        What are we         •   Based on all of the information you gathered from the website,
  2.1                           customers and the company in step 1, what would you like to test?
        testing?            •   Look for the common trends. These are likely to be your ‘lowest
                                hanging fruit’ where small changes can deliver significant return on
                                investment.
                            •   From this information, create a series of hypotheses you’d like to test.
                                For example, if you’ve had feedback from the sales team that a money
                                back guarantee is important to your customers, you may decide to
                                test the impact of making the guarantee more prominent on your web
                                page. (See the section on Types of Tests, pg. 12 for further examples)

  2.2   Who are we          •   Understand the differences in the types of people who visit your
                                website – not just their demographic but also where their mind is at
        testing?                in terms of the buying cycle.

                                Gather data about your company, your customers and
                                your website.

                                Use this data to form a series of hypotheses that you would
                                like to test.
Goals of the
                                 Identify who you’re targeting with a specific test and which
discovery phase:                 pages the test will apply to and to which pages the test
                                 will apply to.

                                Check that you are effectively tracking the metrics
                                on those pages.

 3         Experimental Phase
           Define Tests and Wireframe Designs

  3.1   Define your tests   •   Design how to test your hypotheses. (See the section on Test Types
                                below for some help).
                            •   As you create your tests ensure that you define what ‘good’ looks
                                like, how long you need to run tests for and how many conversions
                                you’ll need in order to be confident about your results. (See
                                statistical significance and confidence intervals).
Address
  3.2                      •   Ensure that you keep reverting to your hypotheses – are your tests
        hypothesis             addressing them? It’s easy to get distracted with multiple items that
                               you’d like to test.

  3.3   On brand           •   Are the changes you’re testing keeping the design on-brand?

  3.4   Technically        •   Ensure that your tests are technically achievable. Do you have the
                               development resources to tackle complex sections of your shopping
        achievable             cart?

4         Implement tests

  4.1   Choose your Tool   •   There are multiple tools that you can use to implement and run your
                               tests, including Optimizely and Visual Website Optimiser. (See the
                               section on Tools).

 4.2    Segmentation/      •   Define what proportion of traffic will be sent to your test pages.

        Targeting          •   There’s always a risk that your test will result in a lower conversion
                               rate, you’ll need to define how much traffic you can safely send to a
                               test page.
                           •   When you run your test, most software tools will allow you to direct
                               traffic to your test pages based on various attributes. See section on
                               Tools.

                                Test variations are live and getting traffic.
Goals of the                    Cross-browser testing is complete.
experimental
phase:                          Design has been signed off by client / stakeholders if applicable.

                                Correct customer segments / traffic allocation has been set.
5            Review Phase
              Compare results to hypotheses

        Was statistical
  5.1   significance
                           •   To decide the outcome of your tests you’ll need to decide whether
                               statistical significance has been reached – most split testing tools
                               will do this for you. (See the section on statistical significance and
        reached?               confidence levels).

 5.2    Was the            •   Look back at the benchmarks you put in place and see how these
                               have been affected by the tests.
        hypothesis
                           •   By looking at these results and the data you get within the testing
        correct?               tool you can draw conclusions on your test results and either
                               implement that change permanently or remove it – remember, a
                               negative is as important a test as a positive one.

 6
  6.1   Rinse and          •   Continue testing further on the same area, refining to get the
                               maximum results.
        Repeat             •   Move onto the next issue on the priority list.
                           •   If you’ve completed the initial priority list, continue improving
                               conversion rates by starting the loop again – finding a new series of
                               things to test.

                                    Know whether a hypothesis was correct or not.

Goals of the                        If it was correct, roll out .

review phase:                       If it wasn’t correct, what did we learn?

                                    On to the next test!
Creating goals               Understanding funnels

and funnels                  ‘A conversion funnel is a set of steps (usually web pages) that
                             a website visitor has to go through to complete an action on
                             your site.’
As part of your conversion
                             After aligning website objectives to business goals you
rate optimisation            need to identify and prioritise your website funnels. This will
programme you will           help you create a list of funnels to monitor and create your
need to create goals         hypotheses from.

and ideally goal funnels.
Goals and funnels can        Leverage your web analytics data (see below) to
be an intimidating topic,    find pages with things like

but once you get started     •   High traffic, low conversion
you’ll find it’s not as      •   High exit rate; and/or high visitor acquisition cost

complicated as it sounds     In essence you are looking for the lowest hanging fruit, for
at first.                    example areas where there is a lot of expensive traffic that
                             is not converting well.

   ENT RA NCE - HOME PAGE
                             Google Analytics and Goals

                             Goals allow you to track and measure how your website
        SERVICE PAGE
                             performs against your predefined objectives. The goals
                             you define must be a measurable action that visitors
                             perform on your site, for example landing on a page or

       CO NTACT FORM         filling out a form. Google Analytics will then log this action
                             as a ‘conversion’.

                                      URL destination.

   Some example                       Visit duration.

   goals include:                     Pages/visits.

                                      Event – downloads, form completion.
Google Analytics and Goal Funnels
Goal Funnels go beyond Google Analytics’ basic feature and help you
understand the visitors’ journey in the process of triggering a goal conversion.
With a goal funnel you define the expected path you would expect a user to
take to perform the goal.

A visitor’s progress along this path is tracked and can be viewed in the Funnel Visualisation report, enabling you to
measure “successes” against your strategic objectives.

This allows you to identify specific areas on your site where visitors have difficulties and may ‘drop-off’ a goal path.
These are your golden opportunities for CRO.

The report also shows users which page visitors go to when they exit the pathway, indicating that a different
pathway may be more efficient. An example of a Funnel Visualisation report is shown below.

                                                           START PAGE

                                                              164
                                164                                                 94
        (entrance)              118                                                  (exit)                79
                                                               70
        /index.php              11                           (43%)                   /index.php            5
                                                  proceeded to Registration Page
        /page-1.php             3                                                    /page-5.php           1

        /page-9.php             3                                                    /section/page-7.php   1

        /section/page-113php    2                                                    /page-3.php           1
                                                      REGISTRATION PAGE
                                                              70
                                      0                                             40
                                                                                     (exit)                18
                                                               30
                                                             (43%)                   /section/page-7.php   6
                                               proceeded to White Paper Downloads    /page-5.php           5

                                                                                     /index.php            3

                                                                                     /page-3.php           2
                                                  WHITE PAPER DOWNLOADS

                                                              30
                                      0           18.29% funnel conversion rate

In Summary                     The complexity of your goals and funnels will grow with experience. Getting
                               started is easier than it sounds. Here are some excellent resources to help you get
                               more out of Google Analytics Goals and Funnels:

                                      Conversion Funnel Survival Guide

                                      The Geek Guide to Understanding Funnels in Google Analytics
Types of tests                                              A/B Testing
 To get the full value of Conversion
                                                             At its core, A/B testing (also known as
 Rate Optimisation requires an                               split testing) is exactly what it sounds
 ongoing commitment to testing.                              like: you have two versions of an element
 A few ad hoc tests do not make a                            (A and B) and a metric that defines
                                                             success. To determine which version is
 CRO strategy. Research shows that
                                                             better, you put both versions through
 the greatest contributor to landing                         experimentation simultaneously. In the
 page optimisation is repeated and                           end, you measure which version was
 structured testing.                                         more successful and select that version
                                                             for real-world use.

                                                                                         23%
                                                                                         Conversion
                                              Variation A
50% of visitors see
Variation A

                                                                                         11%
                                                                                         Conversion
50% of visitors see                           Variation B
Variation B

Because we saw (data/feedback) we                       Because we saw (data from GA indicating that
believe that (change) will cause (outcome).             most users go to the pricing page instead of the
We will measure this using (data metric).               home page), we believe that (featuring pricing
                                                        info on the landing page) will cause (more users
                                                        to stay on the landing page and fill out the form).
                                                        We will measure this using (form conversion rate
                                                        as our primary metric).
Even though every A/B                          The call to actions (i.e. the button’s wording,
                                               size, color and placement,
test is unique, certain
                                               Headline or product description,
elements are commonly
tested:                                        Form’s length and types of fields,

                                               Layout and style of website,

                                               Product pricing and promotional offers,

                                               Images on landing and product pages, amount
                                               of text on the page (short vs. long).

Multivariate testing                           In a multivariate test, a webpage is treated as a
                                               combination of elements (including headlines,
                                               images, buttons and text), all of which affect the
                                               conversion rate. Essentially, you break down a
                                               webpage into distinct units, and create variations of
                                               those units for testing.

                                               The point of the multivariate test is to give you an
                                               idea of which elements on a web page play the
                                               biggest role in letting you achieve the objective of
                                               that page.

                                               Multivariate testing is more complicated than A/B
                                               testing as it tests multiple variables and how they
                                               interact with one another, giving far more possible
                                               combinations for the site visitor to experience.

In Summary     You’ll be using A/B testing on all kinds of elements of your customer-facing
               business communications, from eDMs to web banners and on the pages of your
               website. But what’s just as important as testing is understanding the results– and
               in particular, knowing when your results are strong enough to be meaningful and
               actionable. Let’s take a look at statistical significance and confidence levels in the
               next chapter.
Statistical
significance
& confidence                    Here’s an example:

levels
                                After the discovery phase
                                you decide to implement a
You’ve completed your           simple A/B Test with two
testing – A/B or Multivariate   variations of offer copy. You
– and you seem to have          let the test run for a few days
                                and find that one variation
some good results that
                                is performing much better,
show the impact of the
                                with a conversion rate of 5%,
changes you made to an          versus your control, which is
element of your business        converting at 3%.
communication for testing.
But are they quite what
                                Before you take these results at face value
they seem? That’s where
                                and implement the change permanently, it’s
measuring for statistical       essential to consider the ‘chance factor’ – that
significance and confidence     these results have occurred by chance. That’s
                                where statistical significance and confidence
levels is important.
                                testing comes in.

                                Statistical significance allows you to
                                accurately distinguish between naturally
                                occurring patterns and those that happen
                                by chance. It lets you know your results are
                                accurate before implementing any changes.
Your confidence level is how confident you are that your result has not occurred by chance. It’s calculated with
the following formula:

                                             signal
  confidence                =                                        x                    sample size
                                                noise

If confidence is less than 95%, then the difference is not statistically significant at that level and you need to
collect more data before drawing any conclusions.

                                                   Most conversion rate optimisation
                                                   software and tools will give you the
                                                   ability to set goals, and to help you
Help is at hand                                    to determine confidence levels for
                                                   achieving a statistically significant
                                                   result. You can also use this handy
                                                   significance calculator.

                                     Consider your test results in two ways: their face value, such as a direct
                                     percentage comparison between two figures. And the step beyond that
In summary                           – taking those figures and measuring them for statistical significance.
                                     Only then can you be confident that you can act on the basis of your
                                     results.
Identifying areas to optimise
On any given webpage there are likely to be hundreds of different
variations of items that can be tested to generate better results. Here are
four suggested areas to start with

  1           Call to action
               Where you place your call-to-action on your webpage can have a significant impact on
               conversions rates. Despite common ‘wisdom’ that your call to action should be above the
               fold (the immediately visible portion of you web page) as this attracts 80% of a customer’s
               attention, it’s not always true that this will deliver the best results.

               The below image above illustrates a test where Michael Aagaard of Content Verve
               yielded a 304% increase in conversions by moving the page’s CTA ‘below the fold’.

                                                                   304%
                                                                   MORE
                                                                   CONVERSIONS
                                                                   STATISTICAL CONFIDENCE 9.8%
2   Images
    Images can be very effective at communicating information and setting tone but – as
    with all elements – each image you choose needs to have a purpose.

    37signals changed the design of their Highrise product page to include a background
    image of a customer. Including an image (among other changes) resulted in a 100%
    increase in conversions. We need to be wary with this one but it helps to make a good
    point. One of the golden rules of A/B testing is to test only one item or element per
    test, otherwise you have no certainty about which item affected your conversion rate.

         ORIGINAL DESIGN

                                             102.5%
                                               PERSON DESIGN

    However, it’s not always true that adding an image will help. In this test Version A,
    without the image, received 24% higher conversions. Sometimes – as may have
    been the case here – stock imagery that feels ‘cheesy’ or ‘generic’ can have a
    negative effect.
Button copy

3   There’s no solid rule for choosing images, but if you contrast the two examples
    above, you’ll notice that the effective image feels tailored to the company, feels more
    personal, is shot well and doesn’t look like a stock image. While the second one doesn’t
    feel like it’s well thought through or needs to be there.

    The copy on a button can be as important as the button itself. Here’s an example
    where changing just one word increased conversions by 38%.

                                                                38.26%
                                                                MORE
                                                                CONVERSIONS
                                                                STATISTICAL
                                                                CONFIDENCE 9.8%

    In this example, use of the word “order” may have made people feel like they were
    committing to something they weren’t sure about – like a subscription. It also feels
    more formal than “Get information”, which captures a more commonplace tone of
    voice.
3        Navigation bars
         It’s an ongoing debate whether to include a navigation bar on campaign landing
         pages. The short answer... “Test it!” The following example demonstrated a 100%
         increase in conversion rate, simply by removing the navigation bar.

                           There’s more to a great webpage than the four features we’ve just
In summary                 covered, although these are ones that are easily tested. Let’s look at
                           what else contributes to a successfully converting webpage.
Components of a great
landing page
We’ve covered four key elements of webpage that can be tested and
optimised: the call-to-action, use of images, button text and navigation bars.

What else can you improve to help you make a great landing page? There’s no magic formula for a ‘perfect
landing page’, but there are however a number of factors that will help if done well.

                                                         yoursite.com

                                                                   7
            yoursite.com                                                   link 1              link 2               link 3                 link 4

    1       Strong, Punchy
            heading                                                                                                                 2

                                                                               A secondary headline

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                                                                               DO IT NOW                               CLICK HERE                    6

                              A testimonial                                                                     More information
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                                        9               BELOW THE FOLD
1   Page Headline
    Your headline is the first thing a visitor sees and
                                                              6    Buttons and call to
                                                                   actions should stand out
    can make or break your landing page. Ensure that               A conversion button should stand out clearly and
    it’s focussed and not vague. The headline should               be placed alongside the call to action (the call
    be relevant and relate to the product or offer on              to action could be the conversion button). The
    your landing page. Keep it simple and direct and               button should be big, bright and sit above or next
    avoid any ‘fluff’.                                             to where the visitor needs to scroll to it. Colours
    If you are running adwords try and complement                  like yellow and orange can help to catch the
    your ad text. Not only will this convert better                visitors eye.
    but it will improve your adwords quality score
    yielding more clicks at better prices.

2   Secondary Headline
    and Sub headers
                                                              7    Navigation links
                                                                   It’s an ongoing debate as to whether to include
                                                                   links to other sections of your website in the
    Your headline identifies your message. Your                    navigation menu of your landing pages.
    secondary headline and subheadings then
    provide the framework.                                         This will depend on what type of landing page it is.
                                                                   If its a product page then you may want to include
    A good subheading is clear and informative.                    links to allow users to navigate to other sections or
    It will communicate your biggest benefits and                  relevant products.
    overcome any objections you may face. Effective
    subheadings also should be visually larger and                 If its a highly focused or promotional landing page
    more prominent than your body copy so that                     removing unnecessary links can improve your
    scanners don’t have to search to find them                     conversion rates.

3   Introductory paragraph                                    8    Images or Video
    The job of the introductory paragraph is to add                The adage “a picture is worth a thousand words”
    layer of detail that supports your main headline               is especially true in the short attention span world
    and to entice them to keep reading through to the              of the landing page. The hero shot is the visual
    call to action.                                                representation of your offer and can help people
                                                                   to gain a better understanding of what it is or what
    It’s often tempting to try and pull all of your                it looks like.
    product benefits into this section. To avoid
    overwhelming the visitor you can condense these                Remember to keep in mind the impact of image
    into a benefit list that outlines what visitors what           size on page load speed. You can test page speed
    they will get from converting on your offer. What              in Google’s Free PageSpeed Insights Tool.
    makes your offer so great visitors can’t pass it up?

4   Trust Indicators and
    social proof
                                                              9    Below the fold
                                                                   Try and keep your most important information
                                                                   above the fold. This is the immediately visible
    Social proof is a powerful persuasive concept.                 section of your website without a visitor having
    Simply put it’s the use of social signals to illustrate        to scroll down. This is one rule that is very specific
    that other people have bought/consumed/read/                   to each occasion, for complex products it can be
    participated in, what you are offering.                        more effective to have your call to action further
                                                                   down the page. The short answer ‘TEST’!
    This can include a personal testimonial from a
    customer, including a link to her company for
    added believability.

5   The Call To Action                                        10   TEST TEST TEST
    After a visitor reads the landing page headline and            Optimise your landing page over time and
    introductory paragraph it’s important to tell them             through an ongoing commitment to testing. You
    what to do next.                                               can run A/B tests on all of the items mentioned
                                                                   above.
    When Mozilla Firefox changed their call to action
    from ‘Try Firefox 3’ to ‘Download Now – Free’ it
    improved their conversion rate by 3.6% with a
    confidence level of 99%. This resulted in 500
    additional downloads over the test period.
Tools

Google Analytics                                   Hotjar
Google Analytics allows you to track website       Hotjar is a complete analytics platform. It
behaviour and reports on visitors, engagement,     was designed by a team of marketers, web
traffic sources, content, and e-commerce sales.    designers and web developers, lead by Dr.
Google Analytics is the most popular web           David Darmanin. The main purpose of Hotjar
analytics platform on the market and can help      is to combine all of the analytics and feedback
you identify your most profitable marketing        tools you need into one platform for your CRO
channels.                                          efforts.

             A B
VWO (Visual Website
Optimizer)                                         Otimizely
VWO offers A/B testing for as little as $49 per    Considered by many to be the frontrunner for
month, but the free trial allows you to test for   A/B split testing. Optimizely offers a multi-
up to 30 days and 1,000 visits. You can edit,      tier payment system that works for both
modify, and remove elements on your web            small and large businesses. One of the main
pages through the VWO editor; and you can test     benefits of using Optimizely is that you only
images, copy, design, and web-forms. At the end    need to place a single line of HTML code onto
of your tests, you can see which test won and      your site to gain full access to the software’s
then implement the changes directly onto your      testing capabilities. Optimizely also has a wide
website.                                           range of tracking options, including clicks,
                                                   conversions and sign-ups. Tracking can be
                                                   managed through the easy-to-use dashboard.
The impact of speed on
conversion rates

You’ve done your                       Here are a few facts that highlight
discovery research and                 the importance of website speed:
goal setting, worked on
optimising elements of                    One in four visitors will abandon a website if it
your website and done                     takes more than four seconds to load.

your testing. What                        46% of users don’t revisit poorly performing
                                          websites.
else? We suggest you
                                          Website owners have a mere five seconds to
check the speed that                      engage visitors before they consider leaving.

your website loads.                       74% of users accessing a mobile site would
                                          leave if it takes longer than 5 seconds to load.

      When Mozilla increased page speed by just 2.2 seconds,
      downloads of their web browser Firefox figures rose by 15.4%,
      or 10 million per year. Walmart, meanwhile, saw 2% increase in
      conversion rates for every one-second improvement in page
      load times.
7 tips to                         1
                                      Enable compression Use Gzip, a
                                      software application for file compression,

improve
                                      to reduce the size of your CSS, HTML,
                                      and JavaScript files that are larger than
                                      150 bytes.

page speed                        2
                                      Minify CSS, JavaScript, and
                                      HTML By optimizing your code
                                      (including removing spaces, commas,
                                      and other unnecessary characters), you
                                      can dramatically increase your page
                                      speed. Also remove code comments,
                                      formatting, and unused code. Google
                                      recommends using YUI Compressor for
         LOA D I N G . . .            both CSS and JavaScript.

                                      Reduce redirects Each time a
                                  3   page redirects to another page, your
                                      visitor faces additional time waiting for
                                      the HTTP request-response cycle to
                                      complete. For example, if your mobile
People simply expect
                                      redirect pattern looks like this: “example.
webpages to load quickly these        com -> www.example.com -> m.example.
days, and as the numbers show,        com -> m.example.com/home,” each
you’re likely to damage your          of those two additional redirects makes
                                      your page load slower.
conversion rate if your website
isn’t performing as fast as it        Leverage browser caching
should. Here are some ways to     4   Browsers cache a lot of information
avoid a slow-loading site:            (stylesheets, images, JavaScript files
                                      and more) so that when a visitor comes
                                      back to your site, the browser doesn’t
                                      have to reload the entire page. Use a
                                      tool like YSlow to see if you already have
                                      an expiration date set for your cache.
                                      Then set your “expires” header for how
Where Can I Get Help With             long you want that information to be
This?                                 cached. In many cases, unless your site
                                      design changes frequently, a year is a
Your website developer or             reasonable time period. Google has more
development agency will be able       information about leveraging caching.
to help you make onsite changes
to optimise your website speed
and performance.
Use a content distribution
                                       5   network Content distribution networks
                                           (CDNs), also called content delivery
                                           networks, are networks of servers that are
                                           used to distribute the load of delivering
                                           content. Essentially, copies of your site are
                                           stored at multiple, geographically diverse
                                           data centres so that users have faster and
                                           more reliable access to your site.

                                           Optimise images Be sure that your
                                       6   images are no larger than they need to be,
                                           that they are in the right file format (PNGs

   CDN                                     are generally better for graphics with fewer
                                           than 16 colours while JPEGs are generally
                                           better for photographs), and that they’re
                                           compressed for the web.

                                           Select an appropriate hosting
                                       7   platform When you’re launching a new
                                           website, with or without ecommerce,
                                           choosing a hosting provider is an
                                           important part of the process. Security,
                                           stability, and speed are what your site
                                           needs to thrive on the web. See our
                                           overview of the most common types of
                                           hosting for small businesses.

Firebug                                      PageSpeed
Use this tool to analyse your page’s         Get browser extensions from Google for
performance in Firefox.                      both Firefox and Chrome to help you identify
                                             issues that are slowing down your site.

Moz Crawl Test                               YSlow
Summarise your redirects to see              This Firefox add-on features a grading
if there are areas where you can             system to help you quickly see how well your
reduce the number of redirects you           site is performing and offer insight on how to
are using.                                   improve your site speed. It needs to be used
                                             in conjunction with Firebug.
Hosting for small businesses
Here’s an overview of the most common types of hosting used by small
businesses. It could be time to review your hosting platform, so if you have any
questions after this just get in touch with Umbrellar and we can help.

 Shared Web Hosting

 It’s helpful to think of a server as a large swimming
 pool. With shared web hosting, you get to use the
 whole pool; however, you need to share it with all
 of the other swimmers. This means you may not be
 able to use the diving board because someone else
 may be using it. Sometimes there may only be a few
 swimmers in the pool but you can be sure that the
 others will be back at some stage. Also, the pool
 owners may set a series of rules like no running and
 jumping or bringing your friends to take up the entire
 pool.

 It’s very much the same way that shared hosting
 works; each website shares resources with other
 websites hosted on the same server. This can mean
 that on occasion your website performs more
 slowly because other websites may be using more
 resources than usual. This is known as ‘naughty
 neighbour syndrome’.

 What’s the plus side of shared hosting? It’s more
 affordable than some other options.

 Who’s it for: Shared hosting is the
 most cost effective solution for new
 and small websites.
Low Density Shared Hosting
Low density shared hosting works in exactly the same
way as standard shared hosting. The only difference
is that each server has fewer sites hosted on it, which
reduces the demand (contention) for shared resources.
In the scenario above imagine that the pool owners limit
the number of people entering the pool, meaning that
you don’t need to queue up for the diving board or to use
the showers.

Who it’s for: If your business is growing and site
performance is important for you, Low density hosting
could be the perfect solution.

Virtual Private Server (VPS)
VPS Hosting is similar to owning a Condo. While you
still share things on the property, you are ultimately
responsible for maintaining your own property and
repairs inside the condo. There are also significantly
less residents per building and assigned parking. On a
VPS you are allotted resources that are not shared by
everyone. The over-all CPU time and memory are shared
across all accounts on the machine, but at the same time
portions of those resources are always dedicated to each
account. This allows for more power and flexibility than
being on a shared account.

Who it’s For: VPS are good for most simple websites,
however are unsuitable for large databases or heavy
load applications.

Virtual Machines (VM’s)
Virtual Machines (sometimes called a cloud server or
virtual dedicated servers) are virtually indistinguishable
from a dedicated server for the user. This type of
visualization is the next generation in server technology,
using hypervisor software to allow multiple operating
systems to chare hardware configured in clusters
creating isolated accounts with effectively dedicated
resources.

Who it’s for: Most established businesses,
e-commerce websites and applications.
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