Where is my bisphenol A coming from? - Miriam Diamond, Susie Csiszar, Xianming Zhang University of Toronto
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Where is my bisphenol A
coming from?
Miriam Diamond, Susie Csiszar,
Xianming Zhang
University of Toronto
Road Map
• Why are we concerned?
• Where is BPA?
• What is BPA & why do we use so
much?
• Our exposure
– Outdoor environment?
– Indoor environment?
– Exposure assessment
• have we missed something?
• Alternatives?
http://www.bikertony.org/PicsChile/PicsChileTorres1-2/02road%20side%20pop%20bottle%20prayer%20thingy(not%20sure).jpg
Environ Defense
1. What are the Health Concerns?
Chapel Hill Expert Panel
“…. Human exposure to BPA is within the range
that is predicted to be biologically active in
over 95% of people sampled.”
“Recent trends in human diseases relate to
adverse effects observed in experimental
animals exposed to low doses of BPA. Specific
examples include: the increase in prostate and
breast cancer, uro-genital abnormalities in
male babies, a decline in semen quality in men,
early onset of puberty in girls…”
Vom Saal et al. 2007 Reproductive Toxicology 24: 131-138.
2. What are the health concerns?
NTP June 11, 2008
August 6-8, 2008
Some concern: neural & behavioural effects in
pregnant women, fetuses, infants &
children; effects on prostate gland
Minimal concern: effects on mammary gland,
accelerated puberty
Negligible concern: birth defects &
abnormalities, adverse reproductive effects
Road Map
• Why are we concerned?
• Where is BPA?
• What is BPA & why do we use so
much?
• Our exposure
– Outdoor environment?
– Indoor environment?
– Exposure assessment
• have we missed something?
• Alternatives?
http://www.bikertony.org/PicsChile/PicsChileTorres1-2/02road%20side%20pop%20bottle%20prayer%20thingy(not%20sure).jpg
Usage Rates • > 27 companies use/import BPA in Canada 2006 • Global production capacity < 3 billion kg/y in 2003 • World demand ° 6-10%/y • US demand – 7.3 million kg in 1991 – >1 billion kg in 2004
Where is my bisphenol A
coming from?
Where is BPA?• Food • Electronics – Polycarbonate bottles – Cell phone & lap top – Can epoxy linings casings – Kettles – CDs & DVDs – Food containers – Power plugs – Pipe surface coatings • Automotive • Consumer Products – Bumpers – Adhesives – Safety glazing – Eye glass coatings – Inside lights – Thermal paper – Grills – Crash helmets
Road Map
• Why are we concerned?
• Where is BPA?
• What is BPA & why do we use so
much?
• Our exposure
– Outdoor environment?
– Indoor environment?
– Exposure assessment
• have we missed something?
• Alternatives?
http://www.bikertony.org/PicsChile/PicsChileTorres1-2/02road%20side%20pop%20bottle%20prayer%20thingy(not%20sure).jpgFate of BPA in the Environment
Emissions: Fate:
• sewage treatment plants (us) • Soil, sediment
• industrial discharges (NPRI) • Water
Matrix Half Life Notes
Air 0.2 days Unlikely to be transported
Water 2.4-4 days Biodegradation most significant process
Little volatilization, photo-degredation, or
hydrolysis
Soil 30 days Low mobility
(3 days) Not expected to be stable, mobile or bioavailable
Tissue Fish - Bioconcentration Factor =3.5-68
Clams - Bioconcentration Factor =134-144
Source: Kleywegt & Fletcher 2008Fate of BPA Outdoors
~0
Unit Emission
0.0067
1 0 UPPER AIR 9.57×10-4
8.36×10-4 0.00853 0.00459
0.719 ~0
FILM LOWER AIR VEG’N
6.66×10-4 0.0757
0.00151 ~0 0.191
0.401 5.23×10-3 0.0705
0.318
~0
0.00109
1.09×10-5
1.86×10-4 To g.w.
0 WATER SOIL 0.0017
2.13×10-4 0.187 0.194
0.001
0.214 Units: mol/h
Inflow/Outflow
SEDIMENT 7.94×10-4 Intermedia Transport
Reactive LossFate of BPA Indoors
negligible Film PUF negligible
Conc (ng/m3) Amount (ng) Conc(ng/m3) Amount (ng)
3 000 000 96 1 700 000 140 000
0.3
negligible
Air Conc (ng/m3) Amount (ng)
0.02 0.3
0.2
1 250-500 ng/h 0.8
negligible
Carpet Conc (ng/m3) Amount (ng)
2 600 000 5 800
0.8
Emission Reaction Advection Intermedia Transport
Unit: pg/hAverage Exposure
0.5 0-1 Month
12-18 Months
0.4
1-4 Years
µg/kg body wt/day
5-11 Years
0.3
12-19 Years
0.2 Adult
0.1
0
ilk ul
a od ust Ai
r
M o
st rm F li /D o or
ea Fo So d
Br In
Average Exposure, Draft Screening Assessment for Phenol, 4,4’-(1-methylethylidene)
bis- (80-05-7) April 2008 CEPA.Road Map
• Why are we concerned?
• Where is BPA?
• What is BPA & why do we use so
much?
• Our exposure
– Outdoor environment?
– Indoor environment?
– Exposure assessment
• have we missed something?
• Alternatives?
http://www.bikertony.org/PicsChile/PicsChileTorres1-2/02road%20side%20pop%20bottle%20prayer%20thingy(not%20sure).jpgWhere does mom get BPA from?
Mom’s transfer of BPA to infant
Road Map
• Why are we concerned?
• Where is BPA?
• What is BPA & why do we use so
much?
• Our exposure
– Outdoor environment?
– Indoor environment?
– Exposure assessment
• have we missed something?
• Alternatives?
http://www.bikertony.org/PicsChile/PicsChileTorres1-2/02road%20side%20pop%20bottle%20prayer%20thingy(not%20sure).jpgAlternatives? Polycarbonate
• Glass, stainless steel $9 each $8 each
• HDPE, PP
• Polyamide (nylon)
• Polyethersulphone
Source: S. Brown, Danish EPA 2004Alternatives? Printing inks, toners, dental materials, plumbing coatings • Nitrocellulose, polyvinyl butyral, polyamide polyester • For food packaging: polypropylene, nylon Source: Danish EPA 2004
Conclusions
• Why are we concerned?
– Toxicity is controversial, regulatory action
• Where is BPA? All over the place
• What is BPA & why do we use so much?
– Durable, excellent material properties
• Our exposure
– Outdoor environment? 70% Degrades
– Indoor environment? Emissions 100’s ng/h
– Exposure assessment
• have we missed something? Where does mom get her BPA?
• Alternatives? Not well tested!
Reduce Use @ SustainabilityAcknowledgements • Patricia Harper, Sick Kids Hospital • Denis Jugloff, Sonya Kleywegt, Ontario Ministry of Environment
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