TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO SUMMARY - CLGF
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THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad and tobago COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
SUMMARY
Trinidad and Tobago is a unitary republic with two levels of government: national
and local. There is no specific constitutional provision for local government; however,
the Tobago House of Assembly is enshrined within the constitution. The Municipal
Corporations Act 1990 and the Tobago House of Assembly Act 1996 comprise the
principal legislation governing local government. The Ministry of Rural Development
and Local Government oversees local authorities on Trinidad whilst the Tobago House
of Assembly reports directly to the Office of the Prime Minister. The structure of local
government comprises a single authority in Tobago and 14 municipal corporations
in Trinidad, comprising two city corporations, three borough corporations and nine
regional corporations. Following the 2016 election, 30.4% of councillors and 32.0%
of mayors/chairpersons were women. In the 2015/16 financial year, local government
expenditure was 7.0% of total government expenditure. All cities and boroughs will
regain revenue-raising power when the repeal of the current legislation is finalised.
National government makes significant contributions, especially to the Tobago
authority. However, the Tobago House of Assembly governance structure is devolved
in its functions except in the case of national security, revenue generation and
international affairs. The local authorities have devolved responsibility for a wide range
of functions from policing to primary health and education.
1. NATIONAL GOVERNMENT including the Municipal Corporations
Trinidad and Tobago is a unitary republic Act 1990. As the remit of municipalities
with a bicameral parliament. The head expands, some of the key legislative
of state is the non-executive president, changes being considered, and which
who is elected by the members of are outlined in the TLGP 2016, include:
both houses for a five-year term.
KEY FACTS Parliament comprises an elected house
■■ the term of office for councils to be
revised to four years
of representatives and an appointed
POPULATION (2017 estimate): senate. The 41 members of the house of ■■ councils to have effective executive
1,353,895: representatives are directly elected for a authority, and councillors and aldermen
five-year term by the first-past-the-post to become full-time, salaried postholders
AREA (UN 2006):
system. The president appoints the 31 the Integrity in Public Life Act and
5,130 sq km
■■
senators: 16 on the advice of the prime other relevant legislation to be
CAPITAL: Port of Spain minister, six on the advice of the leader amended to apply to chief executive
of the opposition and another nine at the officers, deputy chief executive officers
CURRENCY:
president’s own discretion. Following the and other senior management staff
Trinidad and Tobago dollar (TT$)
2015 national election, 31.0% (13/42) of ■■ the amendment of legislation so that
HEAD OF STATE: elected representatives and 29.0% (9/31) local government bodies may collect
President Paula-Mae Weekes of senators were women.47.1b The prime and retain for use property taxes and
HEAD OF GOVERNMENT: minister is appointed by the president fines as identified
Prime Minister Keith Rowley and is usually the leader of the majority ■■ an expansion in the number of standing
party in the house of representatives. The committees within municipalities, to
FORM OF GOVERNMENT: prime minister appoints a cabinet from facilitate the inclusion and management
parliamentary republic the members of both houses. of additional responsibilities by local
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM: government bodies;
bicameral 2. LEGAL BASIS FOR ■■ a review of the legislation governing
LOCAL GOVERNMENT the Municipal Police Service to give
STATE STRUCTURE: unitary
2.1 Constitutional provisions effect to its expansion as stated in
LANGUAGES: Local government is not enshrined in the national government policy,
English (official) constitution of the Republic of Trinidad ■■ entrenchment of the decentralisation
NATIONAL ELECTIONS: and Tobago, but, the Tobago House of of social service delivery as a key
last: 2015, turnout: 69.9%; next: 2020 Assembly is enshrined in Chapter 11A of function of local government
the constitution.47.1a ■■ review of the relevant sections of the
WOMEN IN PARLIAMENT (2015):
Public Health Act
31.0% (representatives) 29.0% (senators)
2.2 Main legislative texts ■■ a review of sections of the Act governing
LOCAL ELECTIONS: the Building Inspectorate, to give rise to
The Municipal Corporations Act 199047.2b
Trinidad municipal corporations: the Municipal Planning Department
is the principal legislation governing
last: 2016, turnout: 34.3%; next: 2019
local government in Trinidad, while ■■ confirmation of the role of disaster
Tobago House of Assembly: Tobago is principally governed by the management units within local
last: 2017, turnout: 49.7%; next: 2021 Tobago House of Assembly Act 1996. government as first responders and
provision for strengthening these
WOMEN COUNCILLORS (2016):
units so they can respond effectively
30.4% 2.3 Proposed legislative changes
■■ amendment of the Burial Grounds
LOCAL GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURE The 2016 government document titled Act and related Acts to allow for
as a percentage of total government Transitioning of Local Government relevant functions currently carried out
expenditure 2015/16: Policy (TLGP) is guiding a wide-ranging nationally to transfer to local councils.
7.0% revision of local government legislation,
248 www.clgf.org.uk/trinidad_and_tobagoCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad and tobago
2.4 National urban policy 3.2 Ministerial oversight borough corporations and nine regional
The National Spatial Development The Ministry of Rural Development and corporations. All have the same powers
Strategy47.2c (NSDS) is an overarching Local Government47.3b (MRDLG) is headed and responsibilities and are empowered
framework that spatially represents by a cabinet minister who is responsible for to make policies and by-laws in relation
the sociocultural, economic and the policy directives of the ministry. Under to their functions for the local area. The
environmental priorities of Trinidad and Section 269 of the Municipal Corporations council is headed by a mayor in a city
Tobago. These strategies and policies Act 1990 the minister can give general or or borough, and a chairperson in the
articulate the government’s vision of specific directions to municipal councils regional corporations. Each council also
sustainable development and aim to in relation to government policy on any has a deputy mayor/vice-chairperson.
describe in broad terms the nature and matter. The minister is also tasked with Municipalities must set up committees
location of future development in the promoting an effective and equitable for finance, personnel, public health
country.47.2d As a spatial development partnership between national and and infrastructure. Each of the four
strategy, distinct from a physical local government in the development committees must have a minimum
development plan, the NSDS provides a of socioeconomic growth, balanced membership of 51% of the council and
strategic national framework, based on sustainable development and social be headed by a committee chairperson
spatial planning principles, and guidance welfare; and also acts as adjudicator in who maintains close contact with
to be followed when the Tobago House cases of disputes between municipal officers of the corporation to supervise
of Assembly (THA) and municipal corporations. The ministry’s fundamental service delivery. Statutory meetings are
corporations are reviewing or preparing functions in relation to the corporations held towards the end of each month to
detailed local spatial development plans include: monitoring, evaluation and ratify the business of the committees,
and when decisions are being made on adjudication; technical services – making their recommendations binding.
specific development proposals. It also engineering and project management; Further discretionary committees can
provides a broad spatial development drafting legislation relevant to local include leisure, civic amenities, planning
context for key infrastructure and government; developing policy frameworks; development and security. Committees
investment decisions. and oversight of financial transfers from can set up and appoint sub-committees.
national government. The mayor or chairperson can form an
3. STRUCTURE OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT executive committee or cabinet and
appoint members of the council to it. The
3.1 Local government within the state 3.3 Council types
council’s instructions on its policies and
Local government is single-tiered in There are two types of local government: programmes are formally received by the
both Trinidad and Tobago, with Trinidad municipalities on Trinidad and a single chief executive officer (CEO) at council
divided into 14 municipalities/regional House of Assembly on Tobago. meetings. The day-to-day work of the
corporations and Tobago having a single
council is carried out by its administrative
House of Assembly. 3.3.1 Trinidad municipal corporations: arm, which is headed by the CEO and
The 14 municipal corporations are of supported by administrative, technical
three types: two city corporations, three and skilled workers.
Table 47.1a Distribution of councils and population
Trinidad and Tobago Municipal corporation/ Local areas Population Population % rural
parish/House of Assembly (electoral wards) (2011 Census) (2017 estimate) (2010)
Trinidad Arima 7 33,606 na na
Chaguanas 8 83,516 na na
Couva-Tabaquite-Talparo 13 178,410 na na
Diego Martin 10 102,957 na na
Penal-Debe 9 89,392 na na
Point Fortin 6 20,235 na na
Port of Spain City 12 37,074 na na
Princes Town 9 102,375 na na
Mayaro/Rio Claro 6 35,650 na na
San Fernando City 9 48,838 na na
San Juan-Laventille 13 157,258 na na
Sangre Grande 8 75,766 na na
Siparia 9 86,949 na na
Tunapuna-Piarco 15 215,119 na na
Total Trinidad 14 134 1,267,145 na na
Tobago House of Assembly 1 12 60,874 na na
TOTAL 15 146 1,328,019 1,353,895 19.9
Source: TTALGA communication with CLGF and the 2011 census47.3a
www.clgf.org.uk/trinidad_and_tobago 249THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad and tobago COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18
3.3.2 Tobago House of Assembly: 4.4 Women’s representation Stakeholders, including leaders of
An executive council is responsible Following the 2016 election, 30.4% of various religious institutions, community
for carrying out the functions of the councillors were women, down from 37.1% groups, village councils and other special
assembly. It comprises the chief of councillors following the 2013 elections. interest groups can be called upon by a
secretary, deputy chief secretary and up The number of female mayors/chairpersons corporation to sit on various committees
to five secretaries drawn from amongst was 32.0%, up from none in 2013, whilst on issues that relate to their specific
the assembly members and appointed the percentage of female deputy mayors/ areas of interest.
by the president on the advice of the chairpersons was 16.7%, the same as
chief secretary. The assembly can also after the 2013 election. A quarter (25%) of 5.3 ICT use in citizen engagement
set up committees; it decides their aldermen following the 2016 election were The ministry’s strategic plan
composition and terms of reference. women, down from 37.5% after the 2013 includes e-government; this is partly
The responsibilities of the assembly are election (see Table 47.1b). implemented and video conferencing
carried out through divisions, each under is now used. E-government is facilitated
the direction of one of the secretaries. 5. SYSTEMS FOR through ttconnect, a major platform
The divisions are: agriculture, marine COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT for the ministry. A complaints
affairs and the environment; community management software system (CMSS)
5.1 Legal requirement
development and culture; education; is being commissioned for use by
Provision is made in the Municipal
youth affairs, sport and energy; finance all municipalities to receive and log
Corporations Act 1990 for the
and planning; health, infrastructure and complaints, which will also be used to
appointment of sub-committees, as well
public utilities; tourism; transportation; give citizens the opportunity to share
as advisory committees of persons who
enterprise and settlement. ideas for community development and
are not members of a council. These
provisions could be used to promote obtain real-time information on issues
4. ELECTIONS affecting their communities.
community involvement in decision-
4.1 Recent local elections making at the local government level.
The latest elections47.4 for municipal There is no specific legal provision for 6. ORGANISED LOCAL GOVERNMENT
corporations in Trinidad were held in community involvement in the decisions 6.1 National local government association
2016 with a turnout of 34.3%, down of the Tobago House of Assembly; The Trinidad and Tobago Association of
from 43.5% in 2013 and from 39.5% in however, consultation with citizens Local Government Authorities (TTALGA)
2010. The most recent elections for the is normally undertaken for major was established by the Municipal
Tobago House of Assembly were held in development matters, including budgets. Corporations Act 1990. Membership is
2017 with a turnout of 49.7%, down from automatic for municipal councillors on
70.1% in 2013 and 56.4% in 2009. 5.2 Implementation Trinidad and voluntary for members of the
Municipal council statutory committee Tobago House of Assembly.
4.2 Voting system meetings are open to the public.
In Trinidad and Tobago local government
elections use the first-past-the-post Table 47.1b Women councillors and mayors following election 2003 to 2016
system. Councillors in Trinidad are
elected for a three-year term, while in Election 2003 2008 2010 2013 2016
Tobago it is for a four-year term. Councillors # % # % # % # % # %
4.3 Elected representatives Female councillors na ~27 na na na 29.5 na 32.0 na 30.4
4.3.1 Trinidad’s municipal corporation
Male councillors na ~73 na na na 70.5 na 68.0 na 69.6
councillors are elected for each
municipality using the first-past-the-post Total councillors na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0
system, followed by a secondary election
where councillors elect aldermen Mayors/chairpersons # % # % # % # % # %
from a pool of candidates who have
Female mayors/ na ~5 na na na 18.2 na 0.0 na 32.0
‘demonstrated knowledge, expertise or chairpersons
experience in professional or vocational
occupations suited to the development Male mayors/chairpersons na ~95 na na na 81.8 na 100.0 na 68.0
focus of the municipality’. The number of
aldermen varies depending on the size Total mayors/chairpersons na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0
of the council. Mayors and chairpersons
Deputy mayors/ # % # % # % # % # %
are indirectly elected from among the chairpersons
aldermen and councillors for a three-
year term. A total of 134 councillors and Female deputy mayors/ na na na na na 9.1 na 16.7 na 16.7
31 aldermen were elected in the 14 chairpersons
municipal councils, including five mayors
Male deputy mayors/ na na na na na 90.9 na 83.3 na 83.3
in the cities and boroughs and nine
chairpersons
chairpersons in the regional corporations.
Total deputy mayors/
na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0
chairpersons
4.3.2 The Tobago House of Assembly
has 12 elected assemblymen plus Aldermen # % # % # % # % # %
four appointed councillors (three
appointed by the chief secretary and Female aldermen na na na na na 29.2 na 37.5 na 25.0
one by the leader of the opposition). The
assemblymen elect a chief secretary, Male aldermen na na na na na 70.8 na 62.5 na 75.0
who is leader of the assembly, and a
Total aldermen na 100.0 na 100 na 100.0 na 100.0 na 100.0
deputy chief secretary.
Source: MRDLG correspondence with CLGF 2017
250 www.clgf.org.uk/trinidad_and_tobagoCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad and tobago
The association is funded by member 8. MONITORING SYSTEMS There is a commitment to ’the regional
subscriptions and government subvention The auditor general, the ombudsman and municipal corporations having a
and its main activities include promoting and the Joint Select Committee of direct relationship with the Ministry
effective and efficient management by parliament all have the power to call of Finance [..] to ensure adequacy of
local government bodies, and acting municipal corporations in to explain funding, and they should be given the
as a communication link between their actions. A Tobago unit of the Office autonomy to develop and implement
local government bodies and the of the Ombudsman was set up in 2002. their own regional policies, plans and
national government and its agencies. programmes, within the framework of
The association is also responsible for 9. FINANCE, STAFFING AND RESOURCES national policy’.
developing a code of ethics to which all
9.1 Local government expenditure
members must adhere. 9.4 Loans
In 2015/16, local government expenditure
was 7.0% of total government No information available.
7. INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS
expenditure, down from 7.7% in
Direct contact between national 2009/10. This includes transfers to the 9.5 Local authority staff
government and the Trinidad municipal Tobago House of Assembly (4.2%), as The Statutory Authority Service
corporations is through the Ministry well as total expenditure of the Trinidad Commission and Public Service
of Rural Development and Local municipalities (2.8%). Commission within national government
Government, and regular meetings
are responsible for recruiting professional
are held between corporations
9.2 Locally raised revenue staff. Local authorities only recruit those
and the minister and permanent
Municipal corporations are responsible employees on daily rates.
secretary. The meetings usually focus
on implementation of projects, for collecting revenues; however, the
management and operational issues. majority of funding comes from grants 9.5.1 Trinidad municipal mayors
The chief secretary of the Tobago House from national government. The present and chairpersons and their deputies
of Assembly may, at the invitation of the administration is currently considering are considered part-time salaried
prime minister, attend meetings of the the reintroduction of land and building posts. There is also a pay structure
national government cabinet to provide taxes based on a different model to that for councillors and aldermen. The
information on decisions that have used previously. Salaries Review Commission, a
been taken by the House of Assembly national government body, determines
or to represent Tobago on matters that 9.3 Transfers remuneration. Staff in the regional
affect it. Additionally, the Tobago House National government provides municipalities are paid directly by
of Assembly Act 1996 set up a dispute substantial general and specific grants to national government. Municipalities
resolution committee to intervene in any municipal corporations, for example via must have a chief executive officer, a
dispute between the government and its public-sector investment programme corporation secretary, a treasurer, an
the assembly on budgetary allocations. and road improvement fund. The Tobago engineer and a medical officer of health.
This committee comprises two House of Assembly receives a large part All municipalities have similar staffing
appointees from the Tobago House of of its income from national government structures, with the chief executive
Assembly, two government appointees (4.7% of the national budget). officer as head of the paid service and a
and the ombudsman (or similarly tier of chief officers reporting to him or
qualified person) as chairperson. her. All chief executive officers report to
the permanent secretary of the ministry.
Table 47.2a Aggregate income and expenditure for municipalities 2015/16
9.5.2 Tobago House of Assembly
Income 2015/16 Expenditure by type 2015/16 members are paid a monthly allowance
to cover the cost of office facilities and
Centre–local transfers TT$m Administration TT$m
staff. The Salaries Review Commission
Restricted 1,649.30 Staff 336.61 sets the level of this allowance. The chief
secretary is a full-time, salaried position
Unrestricted Other administrative costs 535.28 including allowances and other benefits,
similar to that of a state government
Locally raised revenue Equipment purchase 7.69 minister. It is a statutory requirement
for the assembly to have a chief
Property taxes 0.00 Current transfers 30.03
administrator to head the administrative
Other income 16.85 Services
set-up, and a clerk to be responsible for
legislative matters. There is also provision
Local public health 324.09 for the secondment of staff from other
statutory bodies for up to five years.
TOTAL INCOME 1,666.15 Roads 204.78
10. DISTRIBUTION OF SERVICE
General administration 86.53
DELIVERY RESPONSIBILITY
Buildings/grounds 38.32 10.1 Overview of service delivery
The minicipalities in Trinidad and the
Markets/abattoirs 12.28 Tobago House of Assembly have differing
service delivery responsibilities.
Cemeteries 6.60
Other 2.43 10.1.1 Municipalities in Trinidad:
These have statutory responsibility for:
TOTAL INCOME 1,666.15 TOTAL EXPENDITURE 1,585.64 policing; street management; nurseries
and childcare; homes for the elderly;
Source: Ministry of Rural Development and Local Government 2017
bus and taxi shelters; maintenance
www.clgf.org.uk/trinidad_and_tobago 251THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad and tobago COUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18
Table 47.2b Local government expenditure as a percentage of total government expenditure 47.2b Municipal Corporations Act 1990
http://rgd.legalaffairs.gov.tt/laws2/
2009/10 2015/16
TT$m TT$m alphabetical_list/lawspdfs/25.04.pdf
47.2c National Spatial Development
Total government expenditure 44,355 55,728 Strategy www.planning.gov.tt/
OurTnTOurFuture/documents/
Total local government expenditure 3,437 3,920
Executive_Summary_web.pdf
of which Trinidad municipalities 1,168 1,586 47.2d Draft National Development
Strategy (NDS) Vision 2030
of which Tobago House of Assembly 2,269 2,334 www.planning.gov.tt/sites/default/
files/Vision_2030_Draft_National_
Local government expenditure
7.7% 7.0% Development_Strategy.pdf
as a percent of total government expenditure
47.3a Population and Housing Census
Source: MRDLG correspondence with CLGF, national budget statements 2011 Demographic Report http://
cso.gov.tt/census/2011-census-data
and management of street markets, will provide guidance on and access to 47.3b Ministry of Rural Development
slaughterhouses and common and local and national services. Residents and Local Government
recreation grounds; waste removal and will be able to access information https://rdlg.gov.tt
management; and corporation cemeteries on current community-based 47.4 Elections and Boundaries
and crematoria. They have discretionary projects and programmes. as well as Commission www.ebctt.com
powers for: libraries; management and agricultural, health, political, community 47.5 No reference for this section
improvement of the physical environment, development and educational resources 47.6 Trinidad and Tobago Association
including parks, open spaces, recreation and information. The hubs will also of Local Government Authorities
areas and monuments; other crematoria enable municipalities to automate www.facebook.com/Trinidad-
and burial grounds; and development, several services such as accounting, and-Tobago-Association-
trade fairs and events. asset management, document and of-Local-Government-
procurement management. Authorities-386372844750417
10.1.2 Tobago House of Assembly: 47.7 No reference for this section
The Tobago House of Assembly has 10.3 The role of local government 47.8 No reference for this section
delegated powers over finance and in achieving the Sustainable
47.9 Based on figures of TT$1,586m
other matters. Since the 1996 Act the Development Goals (SDGs)
for total expenditure for
assembly has powers to take on a wide The Trinidad and Tobago Draft National municipalities (see Table 2),
range of responsibilities including: Development Strategy (NDS) Vision TT$2,334m for transfer to Tobago
finance; customs and excise, licensing and 203047.10a document, along with Assembly, and a total expenditure
valuation; state lands, public buildings the National Spatial Development of TT$55,728m outlined in the
and infrastructure; highways and roads; Strategy47.10b (NSDS), have aligned national budget statement
health services and social welfare; national development goals with the for 2017. www.finance.gov.tt/
agriculture, fisheries and food production; UN’s SDGs as the Draft NDS Vision 2030, wp-content/uploads/2016/09/
environment, forestry, housing and marine setting short,medium and long-term Estimates-Expenditure-2017-
parks; sports, culture, arts and tourism; goals and objectives, projects and Final-Book-Numbered.pdf
and education, museums and libraries.47.10a programmes to achieve the SDGs.47.10c
47.10a Tobago House of Assembly
Localising the agenda means the SDGs
www.tha.gov.tt
10.2 ICT use in service delivery will be integrated into the design,
47.10b PNM Manifesto 2015 - page 53
implementation and monitoring of
The 2016 Transitioning of Local www.pnm.org.tt/images/pdf/
local government policies, development
Government Policy document suggested PNM_Manifesto_2015.pdf
plans and programmes of work.
how ICT can improve service delivery 47.10c GoRTT and UN collaborate for
Municipal corporations will be the drivers
and its recommendations are expected first SDG Vision 2030 Mission in
of this initiative and municipalities
to be implemented incrementally. Trinidad and Tobago www.news.
will strive to deliver people-centred
These include: capacity to store and gov.tt/content/gortt-and-un-
development. The SDGs provide an
retrieve information electronically, collaborate-first-sdg-vision-2030-
opportunity to develop a regionally
reducing the need for paper-based mission-trinidad-and-tobago
relevant approach, and to achieve this
options and speeding up exchanges 47.11a UN statistics surface area
the national government.is promoting
of information; real-time access to http://unstats.un.org/unsd/
extensive devolution of functions to local
information on the ground, to allow demographic/products/dyb/
government.
councils to make quick decisions and dyb2006/Table03.pdf
respond to the needs of citizens in a
REFERENCES AND USEFUL WEBSITES 47.11b Commonwealth Local
timely manner; remote access capability,
47.1a National government portal Government knowledge hub
allowing end users to access data from
www.ttconnect.gov.tt www.clgf.org.uk/resource-centre/
their council regardless of geographic
knowledge-hub
location; roll-out of a dedicated online 47.1b Women in national parliaments.
complaints management system to all Inter-Parliamentary Union http:// 47.11c UNDP HDR Trinidad and Tobago
municipal corporations establishment archive.ipu.org/wmn-e/classif.htm country profile http://hdr.undp.
of a network of internet service hubs org/en/countries/profiles/TTO
47.2a Constitution of Trinidad and
within community centres to provide Tobago www.ttparliament.org/
internet access for residents. The hubs documents/1048.pdf
252 www.clgf.org.uk/trinidad_and_tobagoCOUNTRY PROFILE 2017–18 THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEM IN trinidad and tobago
Annex 47a Summary of service provision in different spheres of government in Trinidad and Tobago
Delivering authority
Services National government Trinidad municipalities Tobago House of Assembly Remarks
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Police n n n
Fire protection n
Civil protection
Criminal justice n
Civil status register n
Statistical office n
Electoral register n
EDUCATION
Pre-school (kindergarten and nursery) n n n
Primary n n
Secondary n n
Vocational and technical n n
Higher education n n
Adult education
SOCIAL WELFARE
Family welfare services n n
Welfare homes n n n
Social security n
PUBLIC HEALTH
Primary care n
Hospitals n
Health protection n n
HOUSING AND TOWN PLANNING
Housing n n
Town planning n n
Regional planning n
TRANSPORT
Roads n n n
Transport n n n
Urban roads
Urban rail
Ports n n
Airports n n
ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC SANITATION
Water and sanitation n n
Refuse collection and disposal n n
Cemeteries and crematoria n n n
Slaughterhouses n n n
Environmental protection n n
Consumer protection n
CULTURE, LEISURE AND SPORTS
Theatres and concerts n n
Museums and libraries n
Parks and open spaces n
Sports and leisure facilities n n
Religious facilities n
UTILITIES
Gas services n
District heating
Water supply n
Electricity n
ECONOMIC
Agriculture, forests and fisheries n n
Local economic development/promotion n n
Trade and industry n n
Tourism n n
n sole responsibility service n joint responsibility service n discretionary service
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