The Economics of an Area Wide-Integrated Pest Management Plan for Tiger Mosquito - Cfp ...
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Progetto Pest Practice:
Final event
The Economics of an Area Wide-
Integrated Pest Management Plan for
Tiger Mosquito
The case of Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy
Massimo Canali, Stefano Rivas Morales
(Università di Bologna)
With contribution of:
Paola Angelini, Claudio Venturelli, Romeo Bellini, Carmela Matrangolo
(Servizio Sanitario Regionale Emilia-Romagna)
1Aedes albopictus – A global challenge
A. albopictus can be currently found in temperate and tropical Asia, most of Pacific
Ocean islands, Africa, Northern and Latin America and Southern Europe. It is now
considered to be the most invasive mosquito species
2Aedes albopictus - Current distribution in Europe
The map shows the current
known distribution in Europe
(January 2015) of A.albopictus
at regional administrative level
NUTS3 (Source: European
Centre for Disease Prevention
and Control)
The map is based on confirmed data
(published and unpublished) provided
by experts from the respective countries
as part of the VBORNET project
See more at:
http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics/vectors/vector-
Source: ECDC Website maps/Pages/VBORNET_maps.aspx#sthash.2B0lUdev.dpuf
3Aedes albopictus – The costs of the
control
• By the PUBLIC SECTOR: Regional Plan of the Emilia-Romagna
Regional Health Authority for the fight against the Asian tiger
mosquito and the prevention of Chikungunya and Dengue
Fever
• By the PRIVATE HOUSEHOLDERS: Expenditure incurred by
people to protect themselves from mosquito bites. Many
kind of repellents, mosquito nets, etc..
4Emilia-Romagna Area Wide Integrated
Pest Management (E-R AW-IPM) Plan –
Some figures
• Total area of the Emilia-Romagna region 22,452.78 Km2
• About 280 Municipalities involved every year, over a total of 348
Municipalities in the region
• About 4.2 million people involved every year, or 96% of the total
population of the region
• 2015 is the 8th year of operation of the Plan 5Financial contribution of the Regional
AW-IPM activities of the Regional Plan implemented by municipalities
Health Authority
(1) Monitoring the intensity of the tiger mosquito infestation through a network of about 2,700 Lump sum supposed to cover 100% of the
ovitraps distributed on the ER territory; municipality expenditure;
(2) Regular anti-larvae treatments (from May to October) of road drains in public areas; Variable % of the municipality expenditure,
depending on the RHA budget remains after
payment of (1), (4), (6), and (8);
(3) Door-to-door anti-larvae treatments in private areas; The same as (2);
(4) Quality controls on the efficacy of anti-larvae treatments (b) in public areas; 50% of the municipality expenditure;
(5) Information to citizens through various activities (information campaigns, distribution of anti- The same as (2);
larvae products, inspections in private areas under request, etc.);
(6) Information activities in primary schools; Lump sum supposed to cover 100% of the
municipality expenditure;
(7) Other activities undertaken by municipalities; The same as (2);
(8) In case of detection of potentially viraemic patients, a protocol activates emergency actions 100% of the municipality expenditure;
to reduce the possibility of epidemic outbreaks: this includes treatments against adult
mosquitoes aimed at isolating the potential outbreak hotspots.
(9) Delivering of municipality ordinances requiring citizens to adopt good practices to prevent No specific expenditure from public
proliferation of tiger mosquitoes in private areas (courtyards, gardens, etc.); administrations; 6Total expenditure for the implementation
of the E-R AW-IPM Plan (2008-2014)
7Distribution of the expenditure among
the activities of the AW-IMP Plan
(2008 compared to 2009-2014 mean)
8Municipalities’ mean expenditure per capita (2009-2014)
for the activities of the AW-IPM Plan
in territory of the Local Health Authorities and in the region
9
Local Health AuthoritiesMunicipalities’ mean expenditure per capita (2009-2014)
for the activities of the AW-IPM Plan by municipalities’
demographic size
10Municipalities’ mean expenditure (2009-2014) per
one single anti-larvae dose distributed in road
drains
in the territory of the Local Health Authorities
11Municipalities’ mean expenditure per capita (2009-
2014)
for one round of anti-larvae treatments
in the territory of the Local Health Authorities
12Organizational aspects of the E-R AW-IPM plan at
municipality level and reasons for variability of expenditure
Main Functions
• Anti-larvae interventions
• Anti-adult interventions
• Quality control of anti-larvae treatments
• Purchase of anti-larvae products
• Information to citizens
• Technical coordination
Entrustment
• Municipality services
• To external entities through direct procurement procedures
• To external entities through calls for tender
High variability of the costs
• Different types of entrustment
• Different budget potential
• Different perception (by local administrations) of the health risk and
nuisance 13Correlation between the expenditure for a round of
anti-larvae treatments and municipality demographic
size
100000
(mean expenditure 2009-2014)
y = 0,131x
COST FOR ONE ROUND OF ANTI-LARVAE TREATMENTS
R² = 0,8604
208 Municipalities
79.3% of regional population
(MEAN EXP. 2009-2014)
10000
93,5% of mean total expenditure for anti-
larvae treatments
1000
100
1000 10000 100000
MUNICIPLITY DEMOGRAPHIC SIZE
14A.albopictus – The cost incurred by
private householders
The COSFA-T Project: indagine sui Costi Sostenuti dalle Famiglie a
causa della presenza della Zanzara Tigre
• Pilot phase realized as part of my PhD, supervised by Massimo Canali
(University of Bologna) & Philippe Beutels (University of Antwerp)
• In collaboration with:
• Ausl della Romagna – Cesena
• Centro Agricoltura Ambiente «Giorgio Nicoli»
• Gruppo di Coordinamento Tecnico Regionale «Lotta alla Zanzara Tigre»
15The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Methodology
• Telephonic interviews with a structured questionnaire to a sample of
householders randomly selected among the population
• Sections of the questionnaire:
1. Characteristic of the dwelling (kind of dwelling, environment, presence of
children, number of people…)
2. Presence of invasive species and nuisance produced (which species, level of
nuisance and expenditure incurred)
3. Tiger mosquito (level of nuisance, use of gardens, perceived health risk,
kind of products used and expenditure..)
4. Initiatives of the apartments building
5. Socioeconomic status
16The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Methodology
2
The sample:
• Extraction among E-R residents up to 20 years old
• Municipality demographic dimension, 3 groups: 0-10k,
10k-50k, more than 50k inhabitants
• Geographic position: 11 groups, one for each of the
LHAs
17The COSFA-T Pilot phase - Realized
interviews
Realized Planned Not found or
LHA/AUSL % of realized refused
interviews interviews other
Bologna 12 29 41% 4 22
Cesena 7 7 100% 4 4
Forlì 4 6 67% 3 6
Imola 4 4 100% 0 4
Parma 5 15 33% 2 17
Ravenna 7 13 54% 9 7
Reggio Emilia 8 17 47% 4 7
Rimini 10 11 91% 5 5
Totale 57 102 56% 27 50
18The COSFA-T Pilot phase – The
sample respondents by group of age
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 >79
Indagine Pilota Popolazione Emilia-Romagna
19The COSFA-T Pilot phase – The sample
2
70%
60%
58%
50%
52%
48%
40%
42%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Maschi Femmine
Indagine Pilota Popolazione Emilia-Romagna
20The COSFA-T Pilot phase – The sample
3
Number of individuals in the housohlds of the respondents
50%
45%
45%
40%
35% 36%
30%
30%
28%
25%
20%
18%
15%
10% 12%
11%
5% 3% 1%
4% 5% 5%
0%
1 2 3 4 5 >5
Indagine Pilota Regione Emilia-Romagna
21The COSFA-T Pilot phase - Results
Level of nuisance
80%
70%
68% 68%
60%
50%
40% 46%
30%
37% 35%
26% 28% 28%
20%
21%
18%
10% 14%
11%
0%
Poco o nessun fastidio Abbastanza fastidio Molto fastidio
Mosche Vespe Zanzare comuni Zanzara Tigre
22The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Results 2
respondents with expenditures due to Tiger Mosquito
60%
56%
50%
40% 44%
30%
20%
10%
0%
si no
Spende denaro per proteggersi dalla Zanzara tigre
23The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Results 3
70%
60% Frequency of purchase by product – Products
58% purchased for all mosquito species
50%
49%
40%
39%
37%
30%
30%
20%
21%
10%
11%
5%
0%
Prodotti spray Piastrine o altri Repellenti ad uso Repellenti Repellenti Trappole Prodotti larvicidi Altro
per uso interno o emanatori esterno, come naturali ad uso chimici ad uso elettriche o ad da sciogliere
esterno elettrici per uso zampironi, torce cutaneo cutaneo aspirazione, ad nelle caditoie dei
interno o emanatori di innesco, CO2 o tombini
essenze feromoni, o ad
ultrasuoni 24The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Results 4
30%
28%
25%
Frequency of purchase by products – only
25%
for Tiger Mosquitoes
20%
19%
18%
15%
12%
10%
7%
5%
0% 0%
0%
Prodotti spray Piastrine o altri Repellenti ad uso Repellenti Repellenti Trappole Prodotti larvicidi Altro
per uso interno o emanatori esterno, come naturali ad uso chimici ad uso elettriche o ad da sciogliere
esterno elettrici per uso zampironi, torce cutaneo cutaneo aspirazione, ad nelle caditoie dei
interno o emanatori di innesco, CO2 o tombini
essenze feromoni, o ad
ultrasuoni
25The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Results 5
• Mosquito nets:
• 77% of respondents declared to have mosquito nets at home
• Mean expenditure between those who remember, €922,86
• Mean lifetime of the nets: 20 years
• Apartment building control activity:
• 27% of the respondents (7 on 26)
• Mean expenditure (only 4 answers): €45,38
26The COSFA-T Pilot phase – Results 6
Attività di prevenzione considerate Frequenze Frequenze Spesa media*
assolute relative
Prodotti acquistati esclusivamente 28 49% €18,25
per la zanzara tigre (A)
(A) + prodotti acquistati per 51 89% €28,84
difendersi dalle zanzare e altri
insetti (B)
(A) + installazione delle zanzariere 50 88% €36,06
(C)
(A) + (B) + (C) 55 96% €46,65
(A) + (B) + (C) + Attività 55 96% €49,83
condominiali (D) 27A comment on the
results
It was only the Pilot phase of COSFA-T Project, and the results
can’t be generalised for the Emilia-Romagna population
If €18,25 was the average household expenditure in the
region, then the private expenditure could exceed €30 million
But at this stage we can’t say it, more interviews are needed!
28Aedes albopictus - A “weakest link”
problem
• For public good economics, mosquito control poses a weakest
link problem, i.e. the level of protection of the whole
community depends on the level of protection given by the
weakest part of the protection system
• Mosquito control requires action by public authorities and high
involvement of both public and private operators
• For this reason, an Area Wide - Integrated Pest Management
(AW-IPM) system is the most effective measure for mosquito
control
29Thank you very much for the attention!
Massimo Canali massimo.canali2@unibo.it
Stefano Rivas Morales stefano.rivasmorale2@unibo.it
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