Research for the Development of Safety Standards - Sustainable Technologies in Stationary Air Conditioning Workshop
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Sustainable Technologies in Stationary Air Conditioning Workshop
Research for the Development of
Safety Standards
February 1, 2017
Xudong Wang, Karim Amrane
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute
Low-GWP AREP Overview Cooperative research & testing program to identify suitable alternatives to high GWP refrigerants Evaluation of candidates strongly desired by OEMs The program is NOT to prioritize refrigerants, rather test and present objective results in a consistent manner Phase I was completed at the end of 2013. – 38 refrigerants/40 test reports. Phase II testing was completed in early 2016 – 17 refrigerants/29 test reports. Viable low GWP refrigerants exist Many promising refrigerants are classified as 2L under ASHRAE Standard 34 (mildly flammable)
Refrigerant Safety Classification
A2L safety group
classification used by
several refrigerant
designation standards:
ASHRAE Standard 34
ISO 817
from: ASHRAE Standard 34-2010U.S. Path for using flammable refrigerants
ASHRAE In compliance
Standard 34 with
Designation Adopted by
and Safety Safety Standards
Classification • Refrigeration
Model State and
Systems: ASHRAE
Building Local
Standard 15
Codes Codes
• Equipment: relevant
EPA SNAP UL/EN/ISO Standards
Approval
Significant New
Alternatives
Policy Program
2016 2018 2021 2022+Relevant standards
ASHRAE Standard 15
– Addendum d
• propose to allow Group A2L refrigerants in high-probability
systems for human comfort only.
• 2nd Public Review to be issued soon.
– Addendum h
• proposes to allow Group A2L refrigerants in applications requiring
machinery rooms.
– Other applications using A2L refrigerants will be addressed in
future addenda proposals.
ASHRAE Standard 15.2
– Specifically for residential applications
– 1st Advisory Public Review to be issued in early 2017.Relevant standards
IEC 60335-2-40
– WG9 for A2L in 6th Edition
• Committee Draft for Vote (CDV) was issued.
• The best estimation on the publication time is late 2018.
– WG16 for A2/A3 in 6.1th Edition
• no plans to expand the charge limit beyond 1 kg.
• Additional mitigation measures are being investigated/developed to
enable A2/A3 Refrigerants
• The best estimation on the publication time is ~2020.
UL 60335-2-40
– WG10
• incorporate A2L requirements for all products in scope of IEC 60335-2-
40 future edition 6 into UL 60335-2-40 edition 3
• Publish Q4-2017 (target to meet Jan 2018 deadline for ICC IMC 2021)State of Standards and Codes – Global View
Increasing charge limits for flammables is global trend
Expect safety standards in 2017; codes follow standards
Refrigerant
United States
Usage Restriction Application
Classification
ASHRAE34 ASHRAE15 UL1995 UL471 UL621
Refrigerant Designation Safety Standards for Heating and Cooling Commercial Ice Cream Makers
& Safety Classification Refrigeration Systems Equipment 2014-2015 Refrigerators and 2015-2019
UL2182 2015-2018 Freezers 2015-2019
UL60335-2-40 UL60335-2-89
Heating and Cooling Commercial
Equipment -2017 Refrigeration -2018
Refrigerant
Usage Restriction Application
Classification
International
ISO817 ISO5149 IEC60335-2-40 IEC60335-2-89 IEC60335-2-24
Refrigerant Designation Safety and Heating and Cooling Commercial Refrigerating appliances
& Safety Classification Environmental equipment Refrigeration Ice and Ice Cream
(2013-2014) Requirements, Phase 1 2015-2017 2015-2019 Makers
Phase 2 2014-2015 2015-2019
UL: Underwriters Laboratories
complete under revision
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
Source: Rajan Rajendran - EmersonU.S. Model codes
International Mechanical Code & Uniform Mechanical Code
– both has the same function: provide safety regulations for the
use of HVAC & Refrigeration systems
– Most states adopt IMC – UMC used in western part of U.S.
– draws many of its regulatory requirements from ASHRAE
Standard 15
International Residential Code
– requires that all equipment must be UL-listed
– equipment used in residences shall meet requirements
developed and codified in UL standards
Codes are on 3 years cycleAHRTI Flammable Refrigerant Research
A collaborated research program is supported by
– AHRI ($1 million)
– ASHRAE ($1.3 million)
– California Air Resource Board ($0.3 million)
– US Department of Energy ($3 million)
The objective is to
– produce publicly available technical results to support code and
standard activities related to the use of flammable refrigerants.
• Facilitate a timely completion of relevant standard revision.
Summer End of 2017: Jan 2018:
AHRTI&ASHRAE 2017: publication of the 2021 IMC: change
Research to draft updated ASHRAE proposals are due
support the 15 ASHRAE 15 15 including 2L
revision completed refrigerants
for PPRAHRI Flammable Refrigerants Subcommittee (FRS)
The program is administered and coordinated by AHRTI FRS.
The FRS had surveyed relevant codes and standards
committees and organizations on:
– the main knowledge gaps for the use of 2L flammable
refrigerants
– any standing issues and gaps that require additional research
– current and past research activities on flammable refrigerants
Seven high priority projects and one long term project were
identified.Identified and developed high priority projects
AHRTI Conducting:
– AHRTI-9007: Benchmarking Risk by Real Life Leaks and Ignitions Testing
– AHRTI-9008: Investigation of Hot surface Ignition Temperature (HSIT) for
A2L Refrigerants
– AHRTI-9009: Leak Detection of A2L Refrigerants in HVACR Equipment
ASHRAE conducting:
– ASHRAE-1806: Flammable Refrigerants Post-Ignition Simulation and Risk
Assessment Update
– ASHRAE-1807:Guidelines for Flammable Refrigerant Handling,
Transporting, Storing and Equipment Servicing, Installation and
Dismantling
– ASHRAE-1808: Servicing and Installing Equipment using Flammable
Refrigerants: Assessment of Field-made Mechanical Joints
DOE funding:
– ORNL: Investigate the proper basis for setting charge limits of A2L, A2, and
A3 for various types of products
– NIST: Modeling tools for low-GWP refrigerant blends flammabilityAHRTI Project 9007
Benchmarking Risk by Real Life Leaks and Ignitions Testing
– The objective of this project is to
• conduct A2L and A3 refrigerant leak and ignition testing under
realistic conditions
• understand the risk relative to the A1 refrigerants while
considering ambient conditions and refrigerant lubricants.
– The findings are to
• provide input to the next ASHRAE 15, IEC 60335 cycles and follow-
on revisions to building codes
• benchmark/validate risk
• determine the type of (or need for) hazard mitigation strategiesAHRTI Project 9007
Task 1. testing under a controlled environment
– A model room will be built with a standard ISO 9705 size of
3.6m x 2.4m x 2.4m
– Various leak rates, heights, oil concentrations, room conditions
will be used.
Task 2 testing under a whole room scale
– Residential AC: split AC in hallway application
– Commercial AC: rooftop unit and PTAC
– Refrigeration: self-contained reach-in and walk-in coolers
Current testing is focused on A2Ls. Testing for A3s is
scheduled in mid-2017.AHRTI Project 9007 Testing Example Task 2 Motel room wit PTAC unit – Room Size: 13’ x 16’ x 8’, Approx. 1.8 kg charge (R32 and R452B)
Current Status
All high priority projects have been initiated.
Completion expected by the end of 2017
Thank you for your attention!
Xudong Wang
xwang@ahrinet.orgYou can also read
