PUBLIC WARNING SYSTEM - SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE - Presented by Mr Jeganathan Ramasamy
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SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE
PUBLIC WARNING SYSTEM
Presented by
Mr Jeganathan Ramasamy
Director
Technology Department
SCOPE z REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE z SINGAPORE CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE z CD EARLY WARNING CONCEPT z MILESTONES z SYSTEM CAPABILITIES z TYPES OF SIGNALS z TYPES OF SIRENS z PUBLIC EDUCATION & AWARENESS z FUTURE PLANS FOR SINGAPORE’S WARNING & ALERT SYSTEM z CONCLUSION
REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE
z Island City-State, located at the southern tip of the Malay
Peninsula with a population of 4.86 million (2008)
z Land area of 710.2 km² (19% - Residential, 19% - Commercial &
Industries, 20% - Recreation & Community, 22% - Infrastructure &
20 % - Other use)
z Highly developed market-based economy, depending heavily on
exports and refining imported goods (especially in manufacturing)
z Has one of the busiest ports and airports in the world
z Is the world's fourth largest foreign exchange trading centre
REPUBLIC OF SINGAPORE
z Natural threats
z Tremors
z Haze
z Community spread of infectious diseases
z Other threats
z Major fires
z Structural collapse
z Air crash incidents (outside airport)
z Terrorist attacks
z Hazmat incidents
z Public safety & security threats
SINGAPORE
CIVIL DEFENCE FORCE
z National Authority for fire-fighting, rescue and emergency
ambulance services in Singapore
z Mission
z TO PROTECT AND SAVE LIVES AND PROPERTY
FOR A SAFE AND SECURE SINGAPORE
z SCDF plays a fundamental role in warning and directing
our population of impending threats
HQ SCDF Organisation Chart
Commissioner
&
DY Commissioner
Senior Director Senior Director
(Emergency Services) (Corporate Services)
Fire Safety &
Operations Shelter Logistics Planning
Department Department Department Department
Info- Civil
Hazmat Public Affairs Technology Manpower
NCDCC Comms Defence
Department Department Department Department
Services Provost
Unit Unit
HTA
Medical Medical Training Finance NS Personnel
Department Department Department Department
Centre
Service
Quality
Department
SCDF Territorial Divisions
SCDF Fire Stations
CD EARLY WARNING CONCEPT
z “CD Early Warning Concept” conceived in 1985
z SCDF to be responsible to warn the population of
impending threats through a nation wide siren
system which will be centrally operated and capable
of sending out different signals
z To complement the CD Shelter ProgrammeMILESTONES
z Budget approved for PWS implementation in 1987
z Contract was awarded on 15 Jan 1991
z System was commissioned on 29 Sep 1992 with the first island-wide
sounding exercise
z 1st in Asia to deploy the Electronic Siren system
z Independent of mains power supply
z Ability to release different alert tones / public address
z Variety of communication link interfaces
z The system hardware, software and operating platform went through
an upgrading in 2002Electric Motor vs. Electronic Siren
Advantages of Electronic Siren
SYSTEM CAPABILTIES
z Public Warning coverage
z 284 sirens located @ populated
areas
z Control Centre and Siren
communication
z Leased line as main
communications
z VHF radio as backup
communications
z Control Centre redundancy capabilities
z Main and backup control &
activation centresSYSTEM CAPABILTIES
z Graphical User Interface
z User friendly display & operation
z Real-time status update of sirens
z Up to date status of sirens
(operational, faulty or shutdown)
z Integrated diagnostic program
z Remote troubleshooting of faulty
sirens via software (door forced
open, battery state, power
supply, amplifier / driver status,
line / radio status)SYSTEM CAPABILTIES
z “2 key” process for siren activation
z Software selection of siren
activation
z Hardware confirmation of
activation of selected sirens
z Ability to perform island-wide,
geographical & localised sounding
of sirens
z Island-wide sounding of sirens
z < 5 seconds upon activationSYSTEM CAPABILTIES
z Ability to release
z different alert tones
z live public address and
z pre-recorded messages
z Generation of status reports
z Total sirens
z Operation sirens
z Shutdown sirens
z Faulty SirensSYSTEM CAPABILTIES
z Portable siren deployment
z to enhance coverage
z Digital Audio Broadcast
z Broadcast of emergency
messages to DAB radios
z Emergency over-riding of radio
broadcast
z Subject to approval of
broadcast authorityPWS Network Diagram
LAN
Control Control Control Control
Panel & Panel & Panel & Panel &
Key Key Key Key
Switch Switch Switch Switch
Panel Panel Panel Panel
MCE MCE MCE MCE
Radio
Radio Radio Radio
LCU
REPEATERManagement Control Equipment
Transceivers
Power Supply Power Supply Transceiver Transceiver
Switching
230VAC/ 5VDC 230VAC/ (Main) (Standby)
Relay
12VDC Cable Divider
**
** Cable divider is
Short range Far rangeFar range Multi-I/O Board EmC486 connection of cable from
modem modem modem and Multi Com controller board PCs, Control Panel, LCU
board and MCE CPU and remote MCEsLine Control Unit
LCU (Front view- open) LCU (inside cabinet)Use Of TV & Radio For PWS
Sounding of
warning signal
Detection
PWS CONTROL
of threat
CENTRE
PWS Outdoor Sirens
Emergency message
Emergency message
Commercial
Radio StationsTYPES OF SIGNALS z Alarm z All Clear z Important Message z Chime
Alarm
z This signal is to inform the population to seek
protection in shelter/cover
z Length : 1 minute
z Tone : Wailing BlastAll Clear
z This signal is to inform the population that they may
leave shelter/cover
z Length : 1 minute
z Tone : Continuous BlastImportant Message
z This signal is to inform the population to monitor radio
broadcast for emergency messages
z Length : 1 minute
z Tone : Pulsating BlastChime
z This is used for sounding tests and through its regular
sounding, increase public awareness of PWS
z Length : 20 seconds
z Tone : MelodyTYPES OF SIRENS z ECN 600 z ECN 1200 z ECN 2400 *All sirens have 360º (degree) omni-directional sound propagation
Siren Horn Design
z The 360º (degree) omni-
directional sound propagation
pattern is created upon
diffraction of sound on the slit of
the siren horn.
z To assure a 360º (degree) sound
propagation pattern for the siren
head installations in the field, the
siren head will be split in 2
channels, which is assembled in
180º (degree) opposite direction.ECN 600
z 109 db(A)
z 4 horns & drivers
z 2 amplifiers
z 320m (city), 470m (high-
rise), 500m (low-rise)ECN 1200
z 115 db(A)
z 8 horns & drivers
z 4 amplifiers
z 420m (city), 640m (high-
rise), 700m (low-rise)ECN 2400
z 121 db(A)
z 16 horns & drivers
z 8 amplifiers
z 540m (city), 830m (high-
rise), 1050m (low-rise)Pole Siren with Solar Panel
Deliberate Activation Process
Incident
Decision Making Process Activate PWS?
No Yes
Monitoring of
Activation Co-ordination with
Situation
of PWS Related AgenciesPUBLIC EDUCATION & AWARENESS
z Media
z Radio
z Television
z Newspapers
z Posters
z CD Emergency Handbook
z SCDF Internet Website
z Road shows
z SCDF Heritage Gallery
z SCDF HotlineIsland-wide Soundings
z 15 island-wide soundings a year
z Total Defence Day (Important Message Signal)
z 15 February @ 1205 hrs
z National Day (Chime Signal)
z 9 August @ 2022 hrs
z Civil Defence Day (Important Message Signal)
z 15 September @ 1205 hrs
z Monthly Chime Signal Test
z Every 1st of the month @ 1200 hrsTotal Defence Day
z Total Defence Day is celebrated annually on February 15 in Singapore
z Public education is conducted to remind Singaporeans on the
importance of Total Defence.
z At 1205 hours, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) will sound the
Important Message Signal through the island-wide Public Warning
System (PWS) sirens.
z Simultaneously at 1205 hours, local radio stations will sound the
important message signal and explain to the listeners on the appropriate
measures to be taken for the three different types of PWS signals.Total Defence Concept
z Total Defence concept was introduced in 1984
z Adapted from the experiences of countries like Switzerland and Sweden
z We needed to draw on the different strengths and abilities of our
community to augment our defence capability
z Total Defence has five aspects
z Military Defence
z Civil Defence
z Economic Defence
z Social Defence and
z Psychological DefenceCivil Defence Day
z Civil Defence Day is held annually on 15 September
z For CD personnel to pledge and reaffirm their commitment to
SCDF and also the Life-Saving cause
z At 1205 hours, the Singapore Civil Defence Force (SCDF) will
sound the Important Message Signal through the island-wide
Public Warning System (PWS) sirens.
z Simultaneously at 1205 hours, 10 local radio stations will sound
the important message signal and explain to the listeners on the
appropriate measures to be taken for the three different types of
PWS signals.Key Challenges Faced
z Getting approval from building owners for installation
of PWS sirens
z Managing public expectations of the PWS
z Educating the public with regards to the various PWS
signalsFUTURE PLANS FOR SINGAPORE’S
WARNING & ALERT SYSTEM
z Upgrade our current outdoor warning siren system
z To broadcast 1 message over multiple mediums
z Disseminate message to general public or focused groups
z Leverage on the following technology (not limited to):
z Cell broadcast
z Radio Data System (RDS)
z SMS/MMS
z Internet websites
z Emails
z Setup of emergency public announcement broadcast centreCell Broadcast
z Cell broadcast is a technology that allows a text message to be defined
and distributed to all mobile phones that are connected to the base
transceiver stations (also known as cells) in a GSM network.
z Cell broadcast is a location based service. Where SMS is a service of
individual messages, cell broadcast is capable or broadcasting one
single message to reach concurrently all mobile handsets, equipped with
the cell broadcast function, within the geographical vicinity of the cell.
z The advantage of this approach is that it leverages on the prevalent
ownership of mobile phones in Singapore to receive the warnings/alerts
without the need for the public or focus groups to own a dedicated
portable receiver.Radio Data System
z The RDS has been the standard in Europe since 1990s for sending
small amounts of digital information using conventional FM radio
broadcast.
z The technology could be harnessed to send out public warning signals
and text or even as a signal to trigger the operation of a device.
z Dedicated decoders could be connected to the Public Address (PA)
System of a premise to broadcast the warning signals.Digital Audio Broadcast
z The DAB is a commercial radio broadcast. The DAB standard
was designed in the 1980s and the technology was used mainly
in Europe and Canada.
z The DAB was designed for robust digital audio and multimedia
data broadcasting.
z Proponents claimed that the DAB offered several technological
advantages over analogue FM radio through interference free
reception and high quality sound.CONCLUSION
z Outdoor warning is currently the fundamental
provision to warn our population
z We are constantly reviewing and upgrading our
outdoor warning system coverage
z We are now embarking on an integrated warning &
activation system projectTHE END
NEA – Environment Monitoring
z An important part of the National Environment Agency’s (NEA’s) approach to
safeguarding Singapore’s environment is the monitoring of environmental
conditions.
z Monitoring of air quality takes place at stations around Singapore, and plays an
important role in keeping the population up to date on haze conditions.
z NEA monitors both drinking water and coastal and inland waters in Singapore.
Inland waters include reservoirs and rivers. NEA provides guidelines for
drinking water and recreational waters.
z NEA’s Met Services department monitors weather conditions in Singapore,
including atmospheric and seismic conditions.
z In addition to maintaining long-term weather records, Met Services also
provides information on current and forecast conditions.You can also read
