PRPPWG Reporting GIF-IAEA Interface Meeting - Prepared by G.G.M. Cojazzi, L. Cheng, B. Cipiti, G. Renda with input from PRPPWG
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PRPPWG Reporting
GIF-IAEA Interface Meeting
Prepared by G.G.M. Cojazzi, L. Cheng, B. Cipiti, G. Renda
GIF-IAEA Interface
Venue: Virtual meeting
with input from PRPPWG
June 29-30, 2021
GEN IV International Forum
PRPP Working Group Objectives
• Facilitate introduction of PRPP features into the design process at the earliest possible stage
of concept development
→ PRPP by design
• Assure that PRPP results are an aid to informing decisions by policy makers in areas
involving safety, economics, sustainability, and related institutional and legal issues
“Generation IV nuclear energy systems will increase the assurance that they are a very
unattractive and the least desirable route for diversion or theft of weapons-usable materials,
and provide increased physical protection against acts of terrorism.”
2
GEN IV International Forum
PRPPWG Membership: Countries and Changes in Members
• Canada • Current Co-Chairs: G.G.M. Cojazzi (EC-JRC), L. Cheng (BNL-US), G. Renda (EC-JRC) Interim
• China • Canada: Geoff Edwards (CNL) retiring, Brian van der Ende (CNL) already appointed
• Euratom
• France: Frédéric Nguyen (CEA) replacing Eric Hervieu (CEA)
• RoK: Joung-Hoon Lee (KINAC)
• France
• Technical secretary supporting PRPPWG: D. Zayani (NEA), S. Chang (NEA)
• IAEA - Observer
• Japan
• NEA - Secretariat
• Republic of Korea
Proliferation Resistance and
• Russia Physical Protection Working Group
• South Africa (PRPPWG), 31st Meeting, Virtual
09 - 11 December 2020.
• UK
• USA
3
GEN IV International Forum
PRPPWG Major Accomplishments
• The technology-neutral methodology: developed through a succession of revisions – currently the
PRPP methodology report is in Revision 6 (Japanese and Korean translations)
• The “Case Study” approach: an example (sodium-cooled) modular fast reactor system was
chosen to develop and demonstrate the methodology – resulted in major report
• Joint effort with GIF System Steering Committees (SSCs)/pSSCs
– Resulted in major report including white papers on the six systems -> Being updated
All three reports can be obtained at public WEB site:
https://www.gen-4.org/gif/jcms/c_9365/prpp
• GIF Updated PRPP Bibliography, April 2021 New!
4GEN IV International Forum
White Papers main changes vs 2011 versions
• Template completely revised, restructuring and full revision/rewriting of sections
• 1 - Overview of technology and
• 2 - Overview of fuel cycle
• Descriptions of the systems updated and improved
• Full revision/rewriting of sections
• 3 - PR&PP systems elements and targets
• 4 - PR Considerations incorporated into design
• 5 - PP Considerations incorporated into design
• 6 - PR&PP Issues, concerns, and benefits
• Table of intrinsic PR design features based on
IAEA STR-332 added to all papers
• References updated
5GEN IV International Forum
In each WP appendix added on PR relevant Intrinsic design features
based on IAEA STR-332*:
• Features reducing the attractiveness of the technology for nuclear
weapons programmes
• Features preventing or inhibiting diversion of nuclear material
• Features preventing or inhibiting undeclared production of direct-
use material
• Features facilitating verification, including continuity of knowledge
*INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, Proliferation Resistance Fundamentals for Future Nuclear Energy
Systems, IAEA STR-332, IAEA Department of Safeguards, IAEA, Vienna (2002).
6GEN IV International Forum
System Designs Considered in the Update (1/2)
GIF System Options
Design Tracks considered in update Comment
System considered in update
Other GEN IV designs include:
2400MWt GFR EM2 (GA)
GFR Reference Concept Mentions ALLEGRO as a GFR ALLEGRO (V4G4)
demonstrator HEN MHR (High Energy Neutron Modular
Helium Reactor) (CEA-ANL and GA-AREVA)
Large System 600 MWe (ELFR, EU) These are the three reference design
LFR Intermediate System 300 MWe (BREST-OD-300, RF) configurations discussed in the GIF LFR
Small Transportable 20 MWe (SSTAR, US) System Research Plan
Liquid-Fueled with
MSFR (EU), MOSART, (RF) There is a wide variety of MSR
Integrated Salt Processing
technologies, encompassing thermal/fast
Solid Fueled with Salt
MSR Mk1 PB-FHR (US) spectrum reactors, solid/fluid fuel,
Coolant burner/breeder modes, Th/Pu fuel cycles,
Liquid-Fueled without and onsite/offsite fissile separation.
IMSR (Canada)
Integrated Salt Processing
7GEN IV International Forum
System Designs Considered in the Update (2/2)
GIF System Options
Design Tracks considered in update Comment
System considered in update
HPLWR (EU) (Thermal)
Super FR (Japan)
Super LWR (Japan) (Thermal) Most concepts are based on “familiar’ technology, such
Pressure Vessel CSR1000 (China) (Thermal) as, light-water coolant, solid fuel assemblies, and batch
SCWR refuelling. Implementation of Th and Pu fuel cycles
Mixed spectrum (China)
Fast core (RF) creates additional special nuclear materials of concern.
Pressure Tube Canadian SCWR (Canada) (Therm.)
Loop Configuration JSFR (Japan)
Expect key PRPP issues to be tied to fuel handling, TRU
SFR Pool Configuration ESFR (EU), BN-1200 (RF), KALIMER-600 (RoK)
inventory and physical protection.
Small Modular AFR-100 (US)
Modular HTR, Framatome (ANTARES)
SC-HTGR, Framatome (US)
GT-MHR General Atomics (US) SC-HTGR is a follow on of the ANTARES and the GA GT-
Prismatic Fuel Block GT-MHR OKBM (RF) MHR development.
VHTR GTHTR300C, JAEA (Japan) Expect some PR&PP differences between the prismatic
NHDD,KAERI (RoK) block and pebble bed design.
Xe-100, X-Energy (US)
Pebble Bed HTR-PM (China)
8GEN IV International Forum
STATUS of White Papers
• Completed
– LFR
– SFR
• Ongoing
– MSR
– SCWR
– VHTR
– GFR
Target to publish all in 2021
9GEN IV International Forum
Crosscutting topics
Status:
• Fuel type
• Coolant, moderator, reflector
• Session at December 2020
• Refueling modes
PRPPWG virtual meeting
• Small modular and micro design options
• Fuel cycle architecture • Dedicated virtual meeting in
• Life cycle January 2021: currently re-writing
• Flexibility sections.
• Safeguards topics
• Operational transparency • Target draft report in 2021 as
• Cyber threat companion document to the WPs.
• Safety
• Economics
10GEN IV International Forum
PR&PP and IAEA
• IAEA observer status in GIF
• IAEA always represented at PRPPWG meeting, active and continuous participant
since early steps
• PRPP & IAEA-INPRO, Info. exchange, PR Harmonization work; PRPPWG meeting
hosted at IAEA in 2013
• Support interactions with the GIF SSCs and the white paper update
• GIF-IAEA (Previous GIF-INPRO) Interface meetings, (last one, virtual, July 2020)
– Updated interface Matrix: INPRO, SMR, 3S
11GEN IV International Forum
GIF-IAEA Cooperation on PR&PP (1/3)
• Support the ongoing process of updating the GIF SSCs-PRPPWG white papers on the six
systems, by providing input and “resources” for identifying PR and PP strengths and
weaknesses and by contributing to the review process.
– IAEA contributing to drafting and reviews process
• Address PR&PP crosscutting issues.
– IAEA contributing to crosscutting write-up
• Support the identification of potential safeguards challenges posed by the six GIF designs.
– In the white papers
• Provide guidance to designers of NPP on “PR&PP by design”, building on existing and
planned activities. Extend collaboration to security area.
12GEN IV International Forum
GIF-IAEA Cooperation on PR&PP (2/3)
• Revision of INPRO methodology on PR: IAEA Consultancy Meetings to Revise the INPRO
Methodology Manual on Sustainability Assessment with Regard to Proliferation Resistance:
– INPRO November 2020 Meeting (UR1). Presentations on: a) GIF PRPPWG activities; b) PR features
of advanced reactors;
– INPRO March 2021 Meeting: Discussions on Material Type metric (UR2);
– INPRO May 2021 Meeting (UR3-4). Presentations on a) GIF PR&PPEM safeguardability and b)
PR&PPEM pathways analysis concepts;
– National contributions of several countries both in GIF and INPRO.
– Harmonize the characterization of PR features and the formulation of measures and metrics for
comparing the robustness of nuclear systems against proliferation.
13GEN IV International Forum
GIF-IAEA Cooperation on PR&PP (3/3)
• Identify special PR&PP features of small modular reactors (SMR) and micro-reactors.
• Collaborate with the IAEA and GIF RSWG on advancing the concepts of safety, security and
safeguards by design.
• IAEA Consultancy Meetings: Review of Applicability of Safety Standards to novel Advanced
Reactors. Activity largely contributed by RSWG.
– May 2021 Meeting. Embedded Session. Safeguards and Security considerations for Novel Advanced
Reactors. Presentation:
• “Proliferation Resistance of Innovative Reactor Options - Reflections from the GIF PRPPWG Activities”.
– July 2021 Meeting. Presentation planned on safeguards considerations in SMR
14GEN IV International Forum
BACKUP
15GEN IV International Forum
White Papers PRPPWG & pSSC-SSC Work Flow
• Activity prepared through a questionnaire and a joint workshop held at NEA in 2017.
• Work out WPs individually with the pSSCs and SSCs.
• For each WP a PRPPWG Point of Contact PoC ensures the connection between the PRPPWG and the pSSCs and
SSCs.
• Advancements discussed at PRPPWG meetings in dedicated sessions
– (2017 Ispra, 2018 Paris, 2019 Brookhaven with full review session).
• Fixed item on PRPPWG Monthly teleconferences agendas.
• Have the draft WP widely circulated within the PRPPWG and the pSSC and SSCs point of contacts.
• Formal review round in June 2020 by PRPPWG members.
• Ask for endorsement of PRPPWG and the related pSSC & SSC.
• December 2020, Virtual PRPPWG meeting with dedicated session on White Papers.
• Report progress regularly at EG/PG meetings.
• Submit to EG/PG as individual papers for review and approval after endorsement by PRPPWG and pSSC-SSC.
• Target: publish as individual WP on the GIF external web site.
16GEN IV International Forum
PR&PP Bibliography 2021 Edition
• Added new
entries
• Revised and
updated
Appendix on
Selected IAEA
and IAEA-INPRO
publications
17GEN IV International Forum
High level structure of the updated PR&PP white paper template
18GEN IV International Forum
STATUS OF the LFR WHITE PAPER (PoCs: G. Renda; A. Alemberti, A. Moiseev)
1. Summary of changes
• Inclusion of all the three current reference designs:
o ELFR (evolution and replacement of former ELSY)
o BREST-OD-300 (New, not present in the 2011 White Paper)
o SSTAR
• PR&PP Analysis of all the three reference designs
o Compatibly with sensitivity issues
2. Status of the paper
• Update completed and finalized in publication-ready format
3. Status of endorsement by the PRPPWG and the pSSC/SSC
• Paper endorsed by PRPPWG (25/09/2020) and LFR pSSC (06/10/2020)
• Submitted to EG/PG on 13 November 2020 for review and approval by16 December
• Ready for dissemination, need final decision by EG/PG on distribution policy
19GEN IV International Forum
STATUS OF the SFR WHITE PAPER (PoCs: H.D. Kim, B. Cipiti; R. Hill)
1. Summary of changes
• Inclusion of five design tracks:
o JSFR (compact loop)
o KALIMER-600 (pool configuration)
o ESFR (pool configuration)
o BN-1200 (pool configuration)
o AFR-100 (small modular)
• More detail on fuel assembly characteristics
• More detail added to PR&PP sections
2. Status of the paper
• Update completed and finalized in publication-ready format
3. Status of endorsement by the PRPPWG and the SSC
• Paper content endorsed by PRPPWG (25/09/2020) and SFR SSC (8/10/2020)
• Submitted to EG/PG on 13 November 2020 for review and approval by 16 December
• Ready for dissemination, need final decision by EG/PG on distribution policy
20GEN IV International Forum
STATUS OF the SCWR WHITE PAPER (PoCs: G. Edwards; L. Leung, ...)
1. Summary of changes
• Online refueling (Canada) dropped as a design option
• Fuel cycle considerations for six of eight design tracks
o HPLWR (Euratom), Super FR & Super LWR (Japan), CSR1000 (China), SCWR (Canada), VVER-SCP-600
(Russia), but not Russian (mixed spectrum) or Chinese (mixed spectrum)
• Rewritten with current thinking of PR&PP-relevant system elements, targets, and safeguards approaches.
• Considered PR aspects of thorium fuel cycle, and Pu isotopics.
2. Status of the paper
• Received feedback from the SCWR SSC on the Japanese systems (transmitted on 6 April 2021).
• Awaiting additional inputs for the Russian and Chinese mixed spectrum design tracks.
3. Status of endorsement by the PRPPWG and the SSC
• PRPPWG performed review of draft in June 2020.
• Currently not yet endorsed by the SCWR SSC.
• Presented update at SCWR SSC meeting, March 23-25 2021.
• Will update draft after incorporating feedback received from SSC.
21GEN IV International Forum
STATUS OF the MSR WHITE PAPER (PoCs: L. Cheng; D. Holcomb, V. Ignatiev)
1. Summary of changes
• Expanded evaluation from one to three designs:
o Liquid-fueled with integrated salt processing (MSFR, the only system in the 2011 white paper)
o Solid-fueled with salt coolant (Mk1 PB-FHR)
o Liquid-fueled without integrated salt processing (IMSR)
2. Status of the paper
• Gone through four draft cycles; paper is in final draft.
• Last draft released to MSR pSSC for review on 25 November 2020.
• Incorporated feedback from the pSSC in a new draft (17 May 2021).
3. Status of endorsement by the PRPPWG and the pSSC/SSC.
• PRPPWG performed review of draft in August 2020.
• Presented update at MSR pSSC meeting, May 11 2021.
• Awaiting MSR pSSC to organize review of the latest draft.
22GEN IV International Forum
STATUS of the GFR WHITE PAPER (PoCs: E. Hervieu, F. Nguyen; A. Vasile, B. Hatala)
1. Summary of changes
• Inclusion of the ALLEGRO design track
• Reorganization of paper following template requirements
• More details on GFR fuel assembly characteristics
• More details added to PR&PP sections
2. Status of the paper
• To be updated with PRPPWG and GFR SSC recommendations
3. Status of endorsement by the PRPPWG and the SSC
• Paper reviewed by PRPPWG in June 2020.
• Paper reviewed by GFR SSC in July 2020.
• Current status discussed during 30th GFR SCC meeting of April 14, 2021.
• To be endorsed (by email) by the PRPPWG and the SSC after the draft is updated.
23GEN IV International Forum
STATUS OF the VHTR WHITE PAPER (PoCs: T. Shiba, K. Hori; M. Fuetterer)
1. Summary of changes
• Distinction between prismatic and pebble-bed core. Considered four representative design tracks:
o SC-HTGR (Prismatic)
o GTHTR300C (Prismatic)
o Xe-100 (Pebble-bed)
o HTR-PM (Pebble-bed)
• Explicit mention about passive heat removal in case of terrorist attack
2. Status of the paper
• Latest draft (dated 21 April 2021) presented at the last VHTR SSC meeting after multiple exchanges
• Awaiting feedback from the SSC
o Re-validation for sections 1 and 2, especially update on HTR-PM.
o Confirmation about the TRISO fuel reprocessing.
3. Status of endorsement by the PRPPWG and the SSC
• PRPPWG performed review of draft in December 2020
• Current status discussed during VHTR SCC meeting of April 20-21, 2021.
• To be reviewed by the VHTR SSC
• To be endorsed by the PRPPWG and the SSC after the draft is finalized.
24GEN IV International Forum
Crosscutting topics
• Fuel Type – Impact of different fuel types and configurations.
• Coolant/Moderator/Reflector – Impact of different materials in the reactor design.
• Refueling Modes – Impact of refueling differences.
• Small Modular and Microreactor Options – Impact of moving toward smaller designs.
• Fuel Cycle Architecture – Discusses the types of fuel cycles that may be considered.
• Life Cycle – Discusses cradle to grave impacts.
• Flexibility – Discusses differing energy production, load following, and flexible operations.
• Safeguards Topics – Focuses on IAEA safeguards.
• Operational Transparency – Discusses verification of reactors.
• Cyber Threat – Discusses increasing focus on cybersecurity.
• Safety – Interface with safety systems.
• Economics – Impact of PR&PP on plane economics.
25GEN IV International Forum
Next Steps PRPPWG
• Publish LFR and SFR PR&PP white papers
• Finalize and issue the remaining PR&PP white papers: SCWR, MSR, VHTR, GFR
• Contribute to the GIF-IAEA Interface meeting, June 2021 (this meeting)
• Complete and finalize companion white paper on cross-cutting topics, end 2021
• Prepare and deliver paper at the ESARDA-INMM Symposium, August 2021
• Collaborate with IAEA and RSWG
26GEN IV International Forum
PRPP Working Group: Terms of Reference
• Advise the PG and EG on PRPP issues related to Gen IV nuclear energy systems
• Maintain capability to perform or direct PRPP studies on request of GIF
• Monitor the integrity and quality of PRPP evaluations for GIF (peer review on request)
• Maintain configuration control over the PRPP methodology, its documentation and revisions
• Strengthen the link with GenIV system designers, in particular with GIF SSCs
• Promote and facilitate early consideration of PRPP in the development and design of GenIV systems
• Maintain cognizance of related GIF activities, e.g., safety, economics
• Maintain cognizance of and interactions with non-GIF activities such as IAEA initiatives and specific national
initiatives
• Promote PRPP goals and broad acceptance of the PRPP methodology
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