PRESSURE SENSORS FOR COMBUSTION ANALYSIS - AVL
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PRE S S UR E S E N S OR S FO R C O M BUS TI O N A N A LY S I S Product Catalog
Introduction
Introduction
Product selection guide
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Combustion measurement technology from AVL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Pressure sensors for combustion analysis from AVL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Setup of the measurement chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Product selection guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Pressure sensors
How to choose the right sensor and accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The use and interpretation of icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table of mounting types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Decision tree for cylinder pressure sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Comparision chart of sensor specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Accessory configuration chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Explanation of datasheet terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Pressure sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Sensors for engine development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Sensors for engine monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Accessories
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Adaptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
Machining tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Mounting tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
Gaskets, dummy plugs and flame arrestors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Cables & couplings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
Service & calibration
Cooling system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Special accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Service & calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Sensor calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Ramp calibration unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Contact information / AVL worldwide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Impressum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
-- 2 -- -- 3 --
Index
Introduction
Introduction
Product selection guide
INTRODUCTION
Combustion measurement technology from AVL
- Challenge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
- Complete toolbox . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Pressure sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Indicating charge amplifiers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
- Indicating data acquisition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pressure sensors
- Indicating software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Pressure sensors for combustion analysis from AVL
- Sensor portfolio for combustion analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- Quality standards and fabrication techniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
- Research and development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
- Precision manufacturing and assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Setup of the measurement chain
- Measuring pressure signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
- Processing pressure signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Accessories
Service & calibration
-- 4 -- -- 5 --
Index
Introduction // Expertise and high quality pressure sensors from AVL
COMBUSTION MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY FROM AVL
Introduction
Introduction
AVL Pressure sensors
A precise, stable, and highly accurate cylinder pressure signal
delivered by the pressure sensor is the basis for high quality
combustion analysis. AVL provides a wide range of the sensors
Product selection guide
needed for combustion analysis tasks.
AVL Indicating charge amplifiers
Modular amplifier systems are available with different features
for the signal conditioning. The portfolio goes from amplifiers with
basic options to high-end solutions with intelligent signal condition-
ing and calculation of indicating parameters.
Pressure sensors
AVL Indicating data acquisition
Indicating systems from AVL provide data acquisition and calculated
indicating parameters in real time. They allow the full integration
into modern automation and application systems, which keep the
flexibility for customer specific adaptations.
Challenge AVL Indicating software
Accessories
These days, legislation acts as a major driving force in the automotive indus- AVL IndiComTM and AVL CONCERTOTM are professional indicating
try and pushes current development trends. Effective drive systems with the and post-processing software tools from AVL. They offer powerful
lowest emissions possible, at moderate costs, will be in high demand for all calculation tools, measurement automation, and professional
engine sizes. At the same time, the market is changing rapidly as a result of visualization, combined with an easy-to-use interface.
new manufacturers appearing on the market and intensifying the competitive
pressure on all OEMs. All these circumstances lead to radically shortened
Service & calibration
development cycles in general. Due to peripheral conditions, combustion
analysis will increasingly become the central focus of tests because future
engine maps, for example, will incorporate several combustion concepts.
Therefore all test engineers, calibration engineers, development engineers, Complete toolbox
as well as test-field managers are facing increasing complexity and need AVL is worldwide the only supplier that is able to offer solutions for the complete
stronger interaction and correlation between combustion analysis results. field of combustion analysis. Based on detailed knowledge and experience
in the methodology of combustion analysis, AVL has created practical tools
and devices that make the complex thermodynamic processes in the engine
visible and understandable.
-- 6 -- -- 7 --
Index
Introduction // Expertise and high quality pressure sensors from AVL
PRESSURE SENSORS FOR COMBUSTION ANALYSIS FROM AVL
Introduction
Introduction
Sensor portfolio for Research and
combustion analysis development
AVL offers sensors for a wide To achieve the desired precision,
Product selection guide
range of combustion analysis the design of every single part
applications. Sensors for measure- requires high-tech know-how
ment of the combustion pressure from the development department,
are available, as well as sensors for along with innovative computer
absolute pressure measurements aided modeling algorithms. One
in injection lines and hydraulic example of the unique methods
systems. TDC (top dead center) AVL practices is the use of trimmed
sensors and sensors for needle lift piezo elements together with the
and valve lift can be found in the Double Shell™ design of the sensor
portfolio as well. The precise deter- housing. This helps to reduce any
mination of the crankshaft position negative influences on the signal
can be achieved with AVL crank below the detectable level and
Pressure sensors
angle encoders. ensures optimum results.
Quality standards and Precision manufacturing
fabrication techniques and assembly
To carefully control the entire A piezoelectric sensor consists of
fabrication process, AVL manu- up to 15 parts. Some of them are
factures all of its critical sensor just a few tenths of a millimeter in
parts in-house. Our own advanced size. This requires fabrication
processes were developed for tolerances similar to those for
Accessories
temperature resistant coatings, optical parts and assembly
clean room mounting, plasma techniques like those used for
welding, and state-of-the-art mechanical watches. The core of
calibration and testing procedures. every piezoelectric sensor is a set
To guarantee the customer the of piezoelectric crystals. Uncooled
highest quality standards, every sensors from AVL use the patented
Service & calibration
single sensor goes to the test bed crystal material GaPO4 which is
and is tested on a real engine and fabricated only at the AVL head-
calibrated before it is sold. quarters in Austria.
-- 8 -- -- 9 --
Index
Introduction // Combustion analysis with piezoelectric sensors
SETUP OF THE MEASUREMENT CHAIN
Introduction
Introduction
Product selection guide
Pressure sensor: Measurement cable: Charge amplifier:
Piezoelectric pressure sensors The high impedance measurement To allow effective signal process-
work on the principle of electrical cable is used to transmit the electri- ing the generated charge is
charge output of certain crystals cal charge. Due to the relatively low converted to a voltage signal by
under mechanical load. Therefore electrical charge output of pressure means of a charge amplifier. The
Pressure sensors
they represent an active mea- sensors, the connection quality signal is then sent to the data
suring element with the output between the sensor and the charge acquisition unit.
charge being proportional to the amplifier is crucial.
pressure applied.
Measuring pressure signals Processing pressure signals
Accessories
The first three components of the measurement chain in a typical indicating After the charge is converted into a voltage by the amplifier, the analog signal
setup consist of the pressure sensor, a connecting cable and the charge is sent to a data acquisition unit like the AVL IndiSet Advanced™. It serves
amplifier. These components are the most critical parts in the entire as the link from the analog pressure measurement into the digital domain of
measurement chain. This is because the measured charge signal is still data processing. Together with a crank angle encoder and software like AVL
very sensitive to external influences like electromagnetic fields. Therefore IndiCom™ the unit allows real time combustion analysis. Post processing
the quality of signal transmission in the first three steps of the measurement with AVL Concerto™ offers all sorts of analytical algorithms from standard
chain will define the absolute achievable precision. processing to customized algorithms.
Service & calibration
-- 10 -- -- 11 --
Index
Introduction guide
selectionguide
Product Selection Guide
Productselection
Product
How to choose the right sensor and accessory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
The use and interpretation of icons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Icons of strength / Measurement task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
- Icons of key features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- Gallium Orthophosphate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Pressure sensors
- Double Shell™ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
- SDM Sensor Data Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SID Sensor Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SIC Sensor Identification Cable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SDC Sensor Data Connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
SDB Sensor Database. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table of mounting types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Decision tree for cylinder pressure sensors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Comparison chart of sensor specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Accessories
Accessory configuration chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Explanation of datasheet terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Service & calibration
-- 12 -- -- 13 --
IndexProduct selection guide
HOW TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT SENSOR AND ACCESSORY
Introduction
Each measurement task and application requires a The product selection guide starts with a list of common Icons of key features
specific solution to achieve maximum precision and high questions and problems that a customer typically faces
quality data. AVL offers a complete range of pressure sen- in the decision making process when selecting a sensor. Gallium Orthophosphate GaPO4 – Patented unique high temperature
guide
sors and accessories for combustion analysis. In order to Depending on how the question is answered, a page resistant crystal material for high durability and excellent linearity
selectionguide
GaPO4
make the choice of the right equipment more convenient, reference within a chapter is given, which can act as a Today, GaPO4 is by far the best suited piezoelectric material to be used in
AVL offers several tools. starting point in selecting the correct pressure sensor. sensor applications. It has a combination of several unique properties that
Productselection
make it the first choice. It has unparalleled stability up to a temperature of
970°C with twice the sensitivity of quartz and performs better with respect to
Question Answer gives Page
sensitivity shifts if compared to Langasite crystals. The outstanding stability of
GaPO4 gives AVL the ability to produce pressure sensors which show excel-
Product
“How can sensors be quickly classified
according to their performance and usability?” The use and interpretation of icons 14 lent measurement behavior, even at high temperatures and pressures. The
“Which sensor type is necessary in which inherent physical rigidity of GaPO4 allows the realization of excellent signal
mounting situation?” Table of mounting types 16 qualities in very compact designs. For details see also page 24.
“Which cylinder pressure sensor is typically Decision tree for cylinder
best suited for a certain application?” pressure sensors 17
“How does a specific sensor perform Comparison chart of sensor
Pressure sensors
compared to others?” specifications 18 Double Shell™ - Mechanically decouples the crystals from the housing for
“Which accessory goes best with a specific
double
shell premium signal quality
sensor?” Accessory configuration chart 20 The piezoelectric elements are supposed to measure only the pressure
“Which datasheet terms are important and changes which are caused by the combustion process. Due to their high sen-
what do they mean?” Explanation of datasheet terms 22 sitivity, these elements are also susceptible to any other kind of applied pres-
sure. For example, the mechanical stress which occurs due to mounting the
sensor into the mounting bore of the engine can cause a misreading of the
The use and interpretation of icons type, the strength, indicates how well a sensor is suited for combustion pressure. The Double Shell™ is a special design feature which
“How can sensors be quickly classified according to a specific measurement task or application field. Further, allows isolation of the piezoelectric measuring elements from any of these
their performance and usability?” The icons used in the the icons for strength are rated from one to three stars negative influences and helps to ensure absolute measurement precision.
datasheets and in the comparison chart help to quickly (standard, good, excellent suitability). The second type,
classify a sensor according to its strengths and key the key feature, gives information about which special
Accessories
features. There are two different types of icons. The first technical component or design features the sensor has.
SDM Sensor Data Management – Increasing efficiency due to organized
SDM
Icons of strength / measurement task workflow
SDM guarantees end-to-end automated data transfer and thus ensures error-
Toughness / knock applications Examples: Analysis of knocking combustion, free measurements. This solution covers the complete measurement chain
Service & calibration
Purpose: Specially designed to withstand under operation under high engine loads, supercharged running from the sensor to the post-processing software. AVL Sensor Data
extreme and harsh conditions. engines Management™ SDM consists of several hardware and software components:
• SID Sensor Identification (see picture top left)
IMEP Precision / thermodynamic analysis Examples: Measurements for heat release and • SIC Sensor Identification Cable (see picture top right)
Purpose: Very highly accurate measurements friction loss calculations • SDC Sensor Data Connector (see picture bottom left)
for critical thermodynamic analysis. • SDB Sensor Data Base (see picture bottom right)
For details see also page 26.
non
Durability / endurance testing Examples: Onboard monitoring of large marine or
stop
Purpose: Permanent, non-stop monitoring. stationary engines
-- 14 -- -- 15 --
IndexProduct selection guide
TABLE OF MOUNTING TYPES DECISION TREE FOR CYLINDER PRESSURE SENSORS
“Which sensor type is necessary in which mounting situation?” “Which cylinder pressure sensor is typically best suited to a certain application?”
Introduction
Depending on the engine and measurement task for which a pressure sensor With a certain application in mind this diagram allows to identify the recommended standard indicating solution.
is required, specific sensor types should be used. The choice of the sensor Depending on the detailed measurement task it can be that other sensor types might be suitable as well.
type typically defines the maximum achievable precision. In general, two
guide
families of mounts can be distinguished. One is the situation where a modifi-
selectionguide
cation of the cylinder head of the engine, e.g. drilling and milling of indicating
passages is possible and the other where modifications are not possible. If
Productselection
the available space is very limited or a modification is not possible, a glow- or Start small sized engines modification of yes general purpose GH15D
spark-plug adaptor solution is an option. On the other hand, if a modification of e.g.: motorbikes, engine possible? GH14P + AH45
the cylinder head is allowed, it opens up the choices between several sizes of chain saws thermodynamic GH15D + PH03
threaded, plug or probe type sensors.
Product
knock analysis GH14DK
no gasoline spark-plug ZI21
diesel glow-plug GH13G
Pressure sensors
Cylinder pressure medium sized engines modification of yes general purpose GU21D
e.g.: passenger cars engine possible? GU24D
thermodynamic GH14D + PH03
Mechanical modifications of cylinder head Use of existing standard bores
GU22C + PH04
knock analysis GH14DK
P C D Z G GU22CK + PH04
probe plug thread spark-plug glow-plug
no gasoline spark-plug ZI31
GH13Z-24/31 + ZF43
diesel glow-plug GH13G
GH14P + AG04
Accessories
large sized engines general purpose QC34D
e.g.: powertrain thermodynamic GH14D
stationary marine GU24D
monitoring GO31D/DA
Service & calibration
GO41D/DA
racing engines GR14D
• s lim sensor design • less thermal deformation • best heat dissipation • n o indicating passages
• also for spark-/ glow-plug • less influence of mounting bor • simple installation necessary
adaptation • custom tailored design
-- 16 -- -- 17 --
IndexProduct selection guide
COMPARISON CHART OF SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS
“How does a specific sensor perform compared to others?”
Introduction
To get an overview of the portfolio of pressure sensors, this chart can be used to
compare a selected sensor with others. The most important features and parameters
are listed for all pressure sensors. The compatible accessories are listed on page 20.
guide
selectionguide
Sealing Cable Cyclic
Pressure sensor Measurement task Mounting type Thread / bore diameter SDM Pressure range Sensitivity Natural frequency Page
type connection temperature drift
Productselection
Precision Toughness Durability
Mirco-Dot 10-32 UNF
IMEP
non
Burklin 70F 8251
stop
Shoulder sealed
Threaded type
Product
LEMO - 6 pin
< ± 0.35 bar
Double Shell
Front sealed
M12 - 8 pin
temperature
M12 x 1.25
M14 x 1.25
applications
Ø 4.25 mm
< ± 0.3 bar
< ± 0.4 bar
< ± 0.5 bar
< ± 0.6 bar
< ± 0.7 bar
< ± 0.8 bar
Spark-plug
Endurance
M7 x 0.75
M8 x 0.75
Ø 4.3 mm
Ø 6.3 mm
12 pC/bar
16 pC/bar
19 pC/bar
20 pC/bar
34 pC/bar
35 pC/bar
45 pC/bar
68 pC/bar
Glow-plug
Maximum
Ø 10 mm
2000 bar
3000 bar
Plug type
M3x0.35
M4x0.35
M5 x 0.5
100 kHz
115 kHz
130 kHz
160 kHz
165 kHz
170 kHz
8 pC/bar
M10 x 1
dynamic
Thermo-
100 bar
200 bar
250 bar
300 bar
350 bar
50 kHz
69 kHz
85 kHz
90 kHz
96 kHz
analyis
10 bar
GaPO4
Knock
Probe
0 bar
tests
SDC
SID
SIC
Cylinder pressure
GH14D • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 30
GH14DK • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 32
Pressure sensors
GH15D • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 34
GH15DK • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 36
GR14D • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 38
GH11C • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 40
GH13P - • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 42
GH14P - • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 44
GU21D • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 50
GU22C • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 52
GU22CK • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 54
GG22C • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 56
GU24D • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 58
GU24DE • • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 60
Accessories
GH13G - • - • • • • 400°C • • • 62
ZI21 • • • • • • 350°C • • • 64
ZI31 • • • • • • 350°C • • • 66
GH13Z-24 • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 46
GH13Z-31 • • • • • • • 400°C • • • 48
QC34C • • • • • • 350°C • • • 68
QC34D • • • • • • 350°C • • • 70
Service & calibration
QC43D • • • • • 350°C • • • 72
Low-pressure
LP11DA • • • • • 200°C 74
Monitoring
GO31D • • • • • • • 350°C • • • 76
GO31DA • • • • • • • 350°C 13 mV/bar or 50 μA/bar • • 78
GO41D • • • • • • • 350°C • • • 80
GO41DA • • • • • • • 350°C 13 mV/bar or 50 μA/bar • • 82
› Good, › Very Good, › Excellent, • › Standard, › Optional
-- 18 -- -- 19 --
IndexProduct selection guide
ACCESSORY CONFIGURATION CHART ACCESSORY CONFIGURATION CHART #
“Which accessory goes best with a specific sensor?”
Introduction
The chart below helps to identify the compatible accessory parts with a specific
pressure sensor. It can also be used to get information about whether a tool or com-
ponent for a previously obtained sensor can be used for a new sensor type as well.
guide
selectionguide
Pressure sensor Adaptors › P. 86 › P. 98 › P. 99 › P. 96 › P. 100 Cables & couplings › P. 101 Machining tools › P. 92 Mounting tools › P. 94 Page
Productselection
Spark plug adaptor
Glow plug adaptor
Piezo-Input cable
Mounting nipples
Mounting sleeves
Set of machining
dismounting tool
Mounting torque
Measuring cable
Special tools for
Set of mounting
Cooling Adaptor
Cable mounting
Adaptor sleeves
Flame arrestors
Pin / Polygon-
Removal tool
Adaptor sets
Sockets and
Safety ring
Head tools
spark-plug
Step drills
Couplings
Dummies
wrenches
Tap drills
adaptors
Gaskets
Gasket
[N/m]
Product
tools
tools
tool
E127M
AH01A
MD10
MD11
MD12
MD22
MD24
MD25
AM04
AM05
AM06
MS11
MS15
MS22
MS24
MS25
MT11
MT13
MT21
MT25
MT31
AH01
AH06
AH08
AH13
AH14
AH15
AH18
AH28
AH31
AH35
AH45
AH05
AH26
AH27
PH01
PH03
PH04
AG03
AG04
AS02
AS29
AE04
CC31
CC41
E124
CS10
Z314
TC01
TC31
ZF43
TT01
TT07
TT08
TT09
TT11
TT21
TT22
TT24
TT27
TT29
TT31
TA13
TA16
TA31
TT43
TT44
TT25
CI31
CI41
CI42
CI46
CI04
CI3V
CI4V
Cylinder pressure
GH14D 1.5 • • DG01 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • • TS01 • • 30
GH14DK 1.5 • • DG01 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • • TS01 • • 32
Pressure sensors
GH15D 1.5 • • • DG24 TD13 • • • • • • • • • TS21 • • • 34
GH15DK 1.5 • • • DG24 TD13 • • • • • • • • • TS21 • • • 36
GR14D 1.5 • • DG01 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • • TS01 • • 38
GH11C 1.2 • • • • • • 40
GH13P 1.5 • • • • DG13 TD13 • • • • • • TS21 • • • 42
GH14P 1.5 • • • • DG13 TD13 • • • • • • • • • TS21 • • • 44
GU21D 3 • SG03 TT17 DG04 TD01 • • • • • • • • • TS03 • • 50
GU22C 10 • • • • • • • SG02 DG10 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • TS02 • • • 52
GU22CK 10 • • • • • • • SG02 DG10 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • TS02 • • • 54
GG22C 10 • • • • • • • SG02 DG10 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • TS02 • • • 56
GU24D 6 • SG21 TT33 DG09 TD01 • • • • • • TS03 • • 58
GU24DE 6 SG21 TT33 DG25 TD01 • • • • • • TS03 • • 60
Accessories
GH13G 4 • • • • • 62
ZI21 10-15 SG23 • • • • • • • • • • • 64
ZI31 15-25 SG33 • • • • • • • • • • • 66
GH13Z-24 1.5 (1) • SG43 • • • • • TS21 • • • 46
GH13Z-31 1.5 (1) • SG43 • • • • • TS21 • • • 48
QC34C 15 • • • SG20 TT15 DG05 TD01 • • • • • • • • 68
QC34D 10 • • SG20 TT15 DG06 TD01 • • • • • • • • • • 70
Service & calibration
QC43D 20 • SG05 TT14 DG07 TD01 • • • • • 72
Low-pressure
LP11DA 4 • DL01 • • 74
Monitoring
GO31D 15-20 SG20 TT15 DG11 TD01 • • • • • • • • • 76
GO31DA 15-20 SG20 TT15 DG06 TD01 • • • 78
GO41D 20-25 SG05 TT14 DG12 TD01 • • • • • • • • 80
GO41DA 20-25 SG05 TT14 DG15 TD01 • • 82
› in combination with an adaptor (1)
› mounting torque to mount the spark-plug into the cylinder head is 15 - 20 Nm for aluminium alloys
-- 20 -- -- 21 --
IndexProduct selection guide
Datasheet Information
How to interpret datasheet parameters / Which specification is crucial for a certain application?
Introduction
List of all specs with their definition and how important they are in context with the specific application. The maximum misreading within middle of the spark plug. Spark- the document AT4370E which you
one cycle due to this thermal effect plugs with an integrated pressure can request from your technical
is called cyclic temperature drift or sensor require a small eccentricity sales support.
A
guide
the intake and outlet valves on the of cables of other suppliers. Due to thermal shock error. of the electrode due to the limited
selectionguide
valve seat and which are transmit- small incompatibilities the ceramic The cyclic temperature drift is one available space. The eccentricity
Acceleration sensitivity [bar/g] ted by structure-borne noise. insulator inside the sensor gets of the most significant parameters should be always chosen as small Excitation voltage [V]
Productselection
permanently damaged and proper for thermodynamic analysis. This as possible. The excitation voltage is the driver-
signal transmission can not be is due to the fact that it acts over a voltage of the Wheatstone bridge
B guaranteed. large crank angle range. The influ- circuit used for the SL31D line
ence on quantities that are integrat- Electric strength [V] pressure sensors. This value is only
Product
Burn off resistance [ ] ed over one cycle (e.g. the indicated Based on the design of the center of importance if the sensor is oper-
The burn off resistance of a spark- Capacitance [F] mean effective pressure IMEP) is electrode the electric strength indi- ated not with an AVL amplifier.
plug is limiting the electric current In principle, the capacitance is the therefore significant. Consequently cates the maximum electric voltage
between the electrodes during the ability of a device to hold electrical the smaller the cyclic temperature the spark-plug can carry before un-
Figure 1 flashover. This value has no influ- charge between electrodes. drift is the higher is the accuracy of wanted flashovers occur. This value F
ence on the measurement perfor- Old amplifier technologies required the measurement. can be chosen as large as possible.
Pressure sensors
Inertial forces due to vibration mance of the pressure sensor. this value for accurate measure- It is crucial how the procedure Front sealed
or shock can cause an apparent ments. In state of the art indicating of how to measure this value is Front sealed sensors have the seal-
change of the output signal. This measurement systems this value defined. At the moment there ex- Electrode gap [mm] ing surface at the rim of the sensor
parameter has to be as small as Burst pressure [bar] has no practical relevance anymore ists no standard procedure which The optimal Electrode Gap of a membrane. This kind of sealing
possible. The burst pressure characterizes and therefore no influence on the defines under which conditions the spark plug is determined by the prevents deposits in the thread
The acceleration sensitivity of water- the maximum pressure before a signal quality. cyclic drift has to be measured. This Final Compression Pressure (FCP) and can be important for long
cooled pressure sensors is addition- sensor gets destroyed. The oper- makes a direct comparison between from the compression stroke, as time monitoring installations. Front
ally influenced by the mass of the ating pressure has to be always values of different manufactur- this is a convenient metric that is sealed mounting requires always
cooling water in the pressure sensor smaller to guarantee save operation. Cooling rate [l/h] ers almost impossible. At AVL the roughly proportional to the demand a recessed mounting. Depending
and tubes. It is usually significantly Quartz sensors require active measuring conditions are chosen voltage required to jump the gap on the mechanical strength of the
higher than in uncooled pressure water cooling. The cooling rate is in that way that they are as critical in the spark plug. It is necessary cylinder head the recessing of the
sensors. For pressure measure- C a constant flow rate of the water as possible. The values given in this to match the spark-plug specifica- membrane results in an indicat-
Accessories
ments at positions with high ac- trough the sensor at a certain catalog are measured on a DI diesel tions exactly to have reliable firing ing channel. If the dimensions of
celeration load, such as close to the Cable connection pressure. This rate has influence engine at 1300 rpm and an IMEP of of the engine and to insure that the this indicating channel are not well
intake or exhaust valves but also The cable connection specifies the on the thermal sensitivity change. 7 bar. The choice of the combustion demand voltage is not exceeding chosen, pipe oscillations can occur.
in racing engines at high speed, type and size of the electric con- That explains also the reason why engine type for the determination of component limits to avoid perma- This physical effect can limit the
pressure sensors with low accelera- nection of sensor and piezoelectric the value for the thermal sensitivity cyclic drift is significant. Additionally nent damage of the spark-plug sen- signal resolution during the mea-
tion sensitivity should be used. The cable. Most of the piezoelectric change of water cooled sensors is to the AVL standard values for ∆p, sor assembly. The tolerance limits surement. On the other hand front
Service & calibration
sensor is rated on its axial accelera- pressure sensors are equipped with stated in %/°C and not in %. ∆pmi and ∆pmax are stated to ease in a spark-plug like ZI21, ZI31 sealed sensors show in principal a
tion sensitivity. In case of specially either a M3x0.35 or a M4x0.35 comparison with sensors from other and ZF43 regarding the maximum better thermal conductivity to the
acceleration compensated sen- connector. Older sensor types like, manufacturers. These values are voltage is due to the nature of the cylinder head than shoulder sealed
sors, like the GR14D, additionally e.g. some water cooled quartz Cyclic temperature drift [bar] measured at 9 bar IMEP and 1500 design not as high as in conven- sensors and can reduce thermal ef-
the radial acceleration sensitivity piezoelectric sensors, use so called Due to the fact that the membrane rpm on a typical gasoline engine. tional spark-plugs. fects and improve signal precision.
is stated. The figure 1 shows an Micro-Dot 10-32 UNF connec- of the sensor is periodically heated The evaluation of the final compres- Shoulder sealed sensors seal at
example of the influence of accel- tors. Line pressure sensors have a by the combustion in the cylinder sion pressure for the desired opera- the upper end of the housing and
eration on the pressure signal. The LEMO – 6 pin plug (FGG.OB.306. the local temperature at the mem- E tion point of the engine is therefore results in almost no mechanical
high frequency oscillations super- CLAD56). Monitoring sensors brane changes periodically. Similar critical and has to be matched stress on the membrane. It allows
imposed on the pressure signal are require either an M4x0.35 or an to the thermal sensitivity change the Eccentricity [mm] carefully to the application and also a flush mounted membrane
caused in this specific measure- M12-8 pin connector. output signal gives a wrong pressure In a standard spark plug the center operating point of the engine. For which eliminates the chance for
ment arrangement by the impact of AVL does not recommend the use value due to change of temperature. electrode is exactly in the axial detailed instructions please refer to pipe oscillations.
-- 22 -- -- 23 --
IndexProduct selection guide
Introduction
G from α-quartz by replacing silicon sured between the electrodes of the As the sensitivity defines how much The resulting permanent zero-line Mounting torque [Nm]
alternatively with gallium and phos- sensor (electrical contacts of the signal is generated per pressure deviation has no relevance due Each sensor, adaptor and threaded
Gallium Orthophosphate GaPO4 phorus, see Figure 2. connector). Piezoelectric sensors unit it is furthermore expected that to drift compensating modes of connector needs to be mounted
guide
α-Gallium Orthophosphate is stable have to have a resistance in the this sensitivity is the same for all modern charge-amplifiers and with a specific torque. This ensures
selectionguide
up to a temperature of 933 °C and range of more than 1012 to ensure applied pressures. A variation in is only mentioned for the sake of save operation and best perfor-
above that changes into the high proper operation. this context is defined by the term completeness. mance of all components. To apply
Productselection
cristobalite type. The higher the resistivity the better called linearity. The maximum the right torque, tools like calibrated
The excellent thermal behaviour and the sensor performs in quasi-static deviation (+A, -A) is expressed as a torque wrenches should be used.
high sensitivity of Gallium Orthophos- measurements. If liquids, moisture percentage of the maximum pres- M
phate have made great advances or particles contaminate the con- sure of the measuring range which
Product
Crystal structure
of Gallium
Orthophosphate.
over quartz and Langasite crystals nector or start to enter the interior is called the full scale output (FSO). Max. temperature of plug seat [°C] N
possible especially when building of the sensor the electrical resis- This value should be as close to This temperature defines the maxi-
uncooled miniature pressure sensors. tance can drop. This indicates that zero as possible. mum allowed temperature of the Natural frequency [Hz]
The GaPO4 is the patented high Langasite crystals tend to have higher the sensor needs to be serviced plug seat of a spark-plug adaptor. The natural frequency is the lowest
temperature resistant piezoelectric longitudinal sensitivities than Gallium immediately by the manufacturer. possible frequency of free (non-
material developed by AVL. It allows Orthophosphate. But, if measure- Load change drift [bar/s] forced) oscillations in the measur-
Pressure sensors
high signal linearity and tempera- ment accuracy and precision are Measuring range [bar] ing element of a fully assembled
ture stability like no other material of importantance, terms like the L This is the pressure range in which pressure sensor.
on the market. The crystal material sensitivity change and linearity of a the sensor works according to its This value should be at low engine
is grown and manufactured only in sensor are more relevant. These are Lifetime [Number of cycles] specifications. For analysis of the speeds at least 50 kHz.
the headquarters of AVL. Even if the the areas where GaPO4 performs The number of cycles of alternat- cylinder pressure this range should At high engine speeds the moving
hydrothermal growing process of superior. The importance of the ing pressure loads up to which the be at least 0…200bar. actions of the valves generate main-
GaPO4 takes several months, AVL sensitivity change becomes clear pressure sensor retains its mea- Under severe conditions like ly high frequency noise. This noise
produces this piezoelectric material in context with the sensor housing. surement performance. This value supercharged engines and under can become visible as an artefact
in high quantities. In numbers this Designing a pressure sensor for should be as large as possible. knocking the maximum pressure in the measurement signal if the
means simultaneous growing of up automotive applications requires that The stated value can be only range becomes an issue. High natural frequency is in the frequen-
to 300 crystals, which corresponds the piezoelectric crystal needs to be achieved under regular combus- pressure peaks can fatigue the cy range of this noise. Therefore
to almost 200 kg crystal material packed into a rigid sensor housing. tion with standard fuels. Extreme membrane and can make the for testing with high engine speeds
Accessories
per year. Each crystal, having a size The material of the sensor housing operating conditions such as com- sensor fail. The maximum allowed the natural frequency of the sensor
larger than a man’s palm, gives in has to be chosen in that way that binations of very high temperature, The load change drift is a slow drift pressure is mainly defined by the should be at least above 100 kHz.
the cutting process thousands of the thermal expansion of the sen- steep pressure rises, pre-ignition of the pressure signal after a load geometry and the material of the By contrast with the term natural
thin slices and cubes which can be sor housing and crystal cancel out events like knocking, deformation change which causes a change of sensor membrane. The trade-off to frequency, the basic resonance
used with high yield for hundreds of to zero. With Langasite crystals this of the mounting bore and corro- temperature level and heat flux. improved maximum pressure is in frequency defines the frequency
pressure sensors. process is much more difficult and sive media can reduce the sensor The characteristic value for the load most cases the decrease in resolu- of the measurement quantity at
change drift is determined in real
Service & calibration
results in higher design effort and lifetime significantly. tion and sensitivity which is on the which the pressure sensor gives
costs. Gallium Orthophosphate allows engine operation, by first running other hand required for thermody- the output signal with the highest
much better the optimization of the the engine at a specific load point namic analysis. amplitude. Where there is little at-
design what results in better sensors Linearity [%] and then changing to motored tenuation, as it is generally the case
with higher measurement precision. mode by shutting off the fuel supply for piezoelectric pressure sensors,
thus producing a quick change in Mounting bore [mm] the basic resonance frequency is
the heating effect on the pressure Diameter of the indicating bore the same as the natural frequency
I sensor (by a sudden load change). for plug- and probe-types. The 1st order.
Figure 2 The drift itself is defined by the diameter of the mounting thread is
Insulation resistance [ ] maximum change of the pressure only listed for the thread-types (see
The crystal structure of Gallium The insulation resistance is the level per unit of time and is called “mounting thread”).
Orthophosphate can be derived electrical (ohmic-) resistance mea- maximum zero-line gradient dp/dt.
-- 24 -- -- 25 --
IndexProduct selection guide
Introduction
O The indicating channel represents with built-in electronics. The differ- Shock resistance [g] associated with one specific sensor sence, is a memory device attached
an acoustic resonator, which is ence to SIC is that the SDC does The maximum acceleration a sen- it is necessary not to separate the to the transducer and contains
Operating temperature range [°C] excited by changes in pressure and not store only the serial number, sor can withstand without being SIC from the sensor. information needed by a measure-
guide
Temperature range within the pres- produces oscillations. This effect but also all calibration data of the permanently damaged. The higher ment instrument or control system
selectionguide
sure sensor meets the specifications is illustrated in Figure 3 where the sensor. No connection to any data- this value is the more rigid the sen- to interface with a transducer.
of the data sheet. For typical com- measured pressure curves relate base or calibration file is required. sor is against mechanical shocks. SID
Productselection
bustion analysis this range should be to indicating channels of different On the other hand the data is only In application fields with extremely Acronym for Sensor Identification
at least 0…400°C. The temperature lengths. Five pressure curves from accessible locally and no additional high engine speeds (racing) the and is a part of the SDM Sensor Thermal sensitivity change [%]
which is meant here is the average single cycle measurements are information can be stored. valve closing noise can cause sig- Data Management system. This term classifies how the aver-
temperature at the mounting position. shown for each indicating channel nificant influence on the measure- A sensor with SID electronics has a age temperature at the mounting
Product
length. They have been shifted in ment signal. AVL developed for this built-in electronic component with a position is influencing the sensitiv-
level to provide a clear overview. SDM area of application an acceleration unique digital serial or identification ity of the sensor. The maximum
Overload [bar] Acronym for Sensor Data Manage- compensated sensor, the GR14D number. Connected to an AVL am- change of sensitivity within a certain
ment. For an overview please refer on page 38. plifier this identification number is temperature range is expressed as
R to page 15. The shock resistance is measured read by the amplifier and allows the a percentage of the nominal sensi-
in units of the gravitational accel- system to identify which specific tivity. The thermal sensitivity change
Pressure sensors
Resistance of insulator (spark- eration which equals to sensor is connected to the system of water cooled quartz sensors
plug) [ ] Sensitivity [C/bar] 1 g = 9.81 m/s2 . and is measuring. The system can depends additionally on the flow
This is the ohmic resistance be- DIN1319 defines sensitivity in this automatically request stored cali- rate of the cooling water. The value
tween the center electrode and the context as the ratio how much elec- bration data from the SDB Sensor for the thermal sensitivity change
ceramic body of the insulator. trical charge is generated per pres- Shoulder sealed Database that corresponds to the should be as small as possible.
sure unit (bar). This value should Please refer to the term “Front identified sensor. Additionally data
The overload is the maximum value be at least 10 pC/bar to generate sealed” stated above for a definition like total run-time, number of load
of pressure which the sensor can S good data. and illustrations. cycles and peak pressures can be Thermo shock error
withstand for short time periods. It is The electrical charge is measured monitored and stored at the SDB Refer to the explanation of “Cyclic
above the maximum pressure of the SDB in Coulomb (1 C = 109 pC). The Sensor Database. Temperature Drift” on page 22.
measuring range. This value should Acronym for Sensor Database and line pressure sensors (SL31D) are SIC
be chosen as high as possible. is a part of the SDM Sensor Data based on a Wheatstone bridge and Acronym for Sensor Identification
Accessories
At high pressures like this it can Management system. give therefore a change in resistiv- Cable and is a part of the SDM T Thread diameter [metric]
not be guaranteed that the sen- The SDB is a central digital re- ity of the measurement element Sensor Data Management system. Diameter of the metric mounting
sor signal works according to the pository for the management of the instead of a generated charge. The SIC fulfills the same purpose TEDS thread of thread-type sensors.
specifications but the sensor is not sensor specific data. This point can The nominal sensitivity is the mea- as an SID. It carries like the SID a Acronym for the IEEE 1451 stan-
permanently damaged. be either a local- or a network da- sured sensitivity at 23°C. unique identification number which dard for smart transducers.
tabase. For each sensor, all calibra- It might seem that it is important allows the amplifiers from AVL to A Transducer Electronic Data Sheet W
Service & calibration
tion data is stored, the total number to choose a sensor with very high recognize and identify the sensor (TEDS) is a standardized method
P of performed cycles is monitored, sensitivity. In fact sensitivities in the which is currently connected to of storing sensor and actuator Weight [g]
and service intervals can be sched- range of 10 to 20 pC/bar are by far the indicating system. The SID is identification, calibration and Physical weight of the sensor with-
Pipe oscillations [Hz] uled according to the testing needs. sufficient especially with modern integrated into the piezoelectric manufacturer-related. TEDS for- out the connecting cable.
charge amplifiers. Practically, cable that connects a sensor to the mats are defined in the IEEE1451
choosing sensors with very high amplifier system. An SIC solution interface standards developed by
SDC sensitivities can lead to unwanted is an ideal way to upgrade sensors a IEEE Committee. This standard
Acronym for Sensor Data Connec- signal overloads during measure- without SID for SDM or if the sensor describes a set of network-indepen-
tor and is a part of the SDM Sensor ments, especially under super- design does not allow an integration dent communication interfaces for
Data Management system. charged or knocking conditions. directly inside the sensor housing. connecting transducers to instru-
The sensor is connected to a piezo- To ensure that the unique identifi- mentation systems-, and control/
input cable which has a special plug cation number of the SID is always field networks. The TEDS, in es-
Figure 3
-- 26 -- -- 27 --
IndexIntroduction
Product selection guide
PRESSURE SENSORS
Sensors for engine development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Sensors for engine monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Pressure sensors
Pressuresensors
Accessories
Service & calibration
-- 28 -- -- 29 --
IndexPressure sensors // Sensors for engine development
GH14D IMEP
non
stop
GaPO4
SDM
double
TIGG1321A.01 shell
Introduction
The GH14D allows very precise thermodynamic measurements
with a sensor of size M5. This is realized by thermally optimized
piezoelectric crystal elements and the special Double Shell™ design.
It decouples the piezoelectric elements from negative influences of
Product selection guide
thermal expansion, and other mechanical stresses which can occur
due to the mounting of the sensor into the engine. The sensor is
equipped with built in SID for SDM.
A thermo protection can improve the accuracy even further,
see also page 100.
sensors
Pressuresensors
Pressure
Specifications
Measuring range 0…250 bar
Overload 300 bar
Lifetime ≥ 108 load cycles
Sensitivity 19 pC/bar nominal
Linearity ≤ ± 0.3% FSO
Natural frequency ~ 160 kHz
Accessories
Acceleration sensitivity ≤ 0.0005 bar/g axial Front sealed direct installation. Installation with an AH01 adaptor and the PH03.
Shock resistance ≥ 2000 g *) 1.5 mm for steel, 4 mm for cast iron and aluminium alloys. *) Rigid adhesive, e.g. LOCTITE 648 or Henkel omniFIT.
Insulation resistance ≥ 1013 at 20°C
Capacitance 7.5 pF
Operating temperature range - 40°C … 400°C
Thermal sensitivity change ≤ 1% 20… 400°C
Accessories
Service & calibration
≤ ± 0.25% 250 ±100°C
Load change drift 1.5 mbar/ms max. gradient
Cyclic temperature drift (1) ≤ ± 0.5 bar Cables & couplings CI41, CI42, CI4V, CC41, E124 see page 101
Thermo shock error (2) Cable-mounting tool TC01 Art.No. TIWG0131A.01 see page 95
Scope of supply ∆p ≤ ± 0.3 bar Dummy DG01 Art.No. TIWG0113A.01 see page 99
∆pmi ≤ ± 1.5% Dummy removal tool TD01 Art.No. TIWG0122A.01 see page 96
• Sensor GH14D ≤ ± ∆pmax 1% Adaptor sleeves AH01, AH01A see page 86
• Protection cap Thread diameter M5x0.5 front sealed Mounting tool set TS01 (TT01, TT02) see page 94
• Piezo-input cable CI41-1 and 2 spare O-rings Cable connection M4x0.35 negative Mounting paste SF01 Art.No. TIHK0094A.01 see page 96
• Fitted coupling CC41 Weight 2.2 grams without cable Machining tool set MS11 (MD11, MT11) see page 92
• Calibration sheet and documentation Mounting torque 1.5 Nm Thermo protection PH01, PH03 see page 100
) at 7 bar IMEP and 1300 rpm, diesel
1
) at 9 bar IMEP and 1500 rpm, gasoline
2
-- 30 -- -- 31 --
IndexPressure sensors // Sensors for engine development
GH14DK IMEP
non
stop
GaPO4
SDM
double
TIGG1322A.01 shell
Introduction
The GH14DK is an accurate and robust M5 sensor especially
suited for supercharged engines with very high specific output.
It has thermally optimized piezoelectric elements and the special
Double Shell™ design. In addition to this, it has an improved
Product selection guide
membrane material and geometry. This makes the sensor even more
durable and the first choice for e.g. knock analysis. The sensor is
equipped with built in SID for SDM.
A thermo protection can improve the accuracy even further,
see also page 100.
sensors
Pressuresensors
Pressure
Specifications
Measuring range 0…300 bar
Overload 350 bar
Lifetime (1) ≥ 108 load cycles
Sensitivity 19 pC/bar nominal
Linearity ≤ ± 0.3% FSO
Natural frequency ~ 170 kHz
Accessories
Acceleration sensitivity ≤ 0.0005 bar/g axial Front sealed direct installation. Installation with an AH01 adaptor and the PH03.
Shock resistance ≥ 2000 g *) 1.5 mm for steel, 4 mm for cast iron and aluminium alloys. *) Rigid adhesive, e.g. LOCTITE 648 or Henkel omniFIT.
Insulation resistance ≥ 1013 at 20°C
Capacitance 7.5 pF
Operating temperature range - 40°C … 400°C
Thermal sensitivity change ≤ 2% 20… 400°C
Accessories
Service & calibration
≤ ± 0.5% 250 ±100°C
Load change drift 1.5 mbar/ms max. gradient
Cyclic temperature drift (2) ≤ ± 0.7 bar Cables & couplings CI41, CI42, CI4V, CC41, E124 see page 101
Thermo shock error (3) Cable-mounting tool TC01 Art.No. TIWG0131A.01 see page 95
Scope of supply ∆p ≤ ± 0.4 bar Dummy DG01 Art.No. TIWG0113A.01 see page 99
∆pmi ≤ ± 2% Dummy removal tool TD01 Art.No. TIWG0122A.01 see page 96
• Sensor GH14DK ≤ ± ∆pmax 1.5% Adaptor sleeves AH01, AH01A see page 86
• Protection cap Thread diameter M5x0.5 front sealed Mounting tool set TS01 (TT01, TT02) see page 94
• Piezo-input cable CI41-1 and 2 spare O-rings Cable connection M4x0.35 negative Mounting paste SF01 Art.No. TIHK0094A.01 see page 96
• Fitted coupling CC41 Weight 2.2 grams without cable Machining tool set MS11 (MD11, MT11) see page 92
• Calibration sheet and documentation Mounting torque 1.5 Nm Thermo protection PH01, PH03 see page 100
1
) pre-ignition and knocking reduces the lifetime significantly
2
) at 7 bar IMEP and 1300 rpm, diesel
3
) at 9 bar IMEP and 1500 rpm, gasoline
-- 32 -- -- 33 --
IndexPressure sensors // Sensors for engine development
GH15D IMEP
non
stop
GaPO4
SDM
double
TIGG1349A.01 shell
Introduction
The GH15D has the slimmest contour due to a M3 cable connector
and allows very precise thermodynamic measurements with a sensor
of size M5. The good performance is realized by thermally optimized
piezoelectric crystal elements and the special Double Shell™ design.
Product selection guide
It decouples the piezoelectric elements from negative influences of
thermal expansion, and other mechanical stresses which can occur
due to the mounting of the sensor into the engine. The sensor is
equipped with built in SID for SDM.
A thermo protection can improve the accuracy even further,
see also page 100.
sensors
Pressuresensors
Pressure
Specifications
Measuring range 0…250 bar
Overload 300 bar
Lifetime ≥ 108 load cycles
Sensitivity 19 pC/bar nominal
Linearity ≤ ± 0.3% FSO
Natural frequency ~ 160 kHz
Accessories
Acceleration sensitivity ≤ 0.0005 bar/g axial Front sealed direct installation. Installation with an AH31 adaptor and the PH03.
Shock resistance ≥ 2000 g *) 1.5 mm for steel, 4 mm for cast iron and aluminium alloys. *) Rigid adhesive, e.g. LOCTITE 648 or Henkel omniFIT.
Insulation resistance ≥ 1013 at 20°C
Capacitance 7.5 pF
Operating temperature range - 40°C … 400°C
Thermal sensitivity change ≤ 1% 20… 400°C
Accessories
Service & calibration
≤ ± 0.25% 250 ±100°C
Load change drift 1.5 mbar/ms max. gradient
Cyclic temperature drift (1) ≤ ± 0.5 bar Cables & couplings CI31, CI3V, CC31, E124 see page 101
Thermo shock error (2) Cable-mounting tool TC31, TT25 see page 95
Scope of supply ∆p ≤ ± 0.3 bar Dummy DG24 Art.No. TIWG0334A.01 see page 99
∆pmi ≤ ± 1.5% Dummy removal tool TD13 Art.No. TIWG0224A.01 see page 96
• Sensor GH15D ≤ ± ∆pmax 1% Adaptor sleeves AH01, AH01A, AH31 see page 86
• Protection cap Thread diameter M5x0.5 front sealed Mounting tool set TS21 (TT21, TT02) see page 94
• Piezo-input cable CI31-1 and 2 spare O-rings Cable connection M3x0.35 negative Mounting paste SF01 Art.No. TIHK0094A.01 see page 96
• Fitted coupling CC31 Weight 2.2 grams without cable Machining tool set MS15 (MD12, MT12) see page 92
• Calibration sheet and documentation Mounting torque 1.5 Nm Thermo protection PH01, PH03 see page 100
) at 7 bar IMEP and 1300 rpm, diesel
1
) at 9 bar IMEP and 1500 rpm, gasoline
2
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