Phosphorous Recycling as Green Industry - Shimonoseki Mitsui Chemicals, Inc - Onoda Chemicals, Inc - OECD
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Phosphorous Recycling as Green
Industry
Phosphorite resources Shimonoseki Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.
Onoda Chemicals, Inc.
NO LIFE CAN EXIST WITHOUT PHOSPHORUS
Phosphorus is
an essential constitute
for all living organisms.
PHOSPHORUS FOR GREEN GROWTH
Surface treatment chemicals Etching agent Flame-retardants
Phosphorus is used in a wide
variety of manufacturing industries.
Food additives
PHOSPHORUS FOR GREEN GROWTH Without phosphorus, there will be no biomass, no biofuel, no agriculture, nor life.
Today, phosphorus is mostly obtained from mined rock phosphate which
is a non-renewable resource.
From Prof. D. A. Vaccari
PEAK PHOSPHORUS
Around 2040
Global production
30
Phosphorus production (MT P/Yr)
25
20
15
10
5
Global demand
0
1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2040 2060 2080 2100
Year
Although the demand of phosphorus fertilizer is predicted to increase more than 50% by 2050, the global peak in
phosphorus production is expected around 2040 .
D. Cordell et al., Global Environ. Change, 19：292-305 (2009).
LOOMING CRISIS OF PHOSPHORUS DEPLETION
Rock phosphate is a nonrenewable resource.
No alternative to phosphorus is available for agriculture
and biomass production.
The price of P fertilizer must be kept low to make foods as
inexpensive as possible.
From Prof. D. A. Vaccari
NATIONAL P METABOLISM IN JAPAN
173.4 2.6 (103 ton/year)
Food &Feed Livestock Wastes
Crop Fertilizer
4.3 3.2
141.3 10.6 River/Coastal water
42.0 4.3
Food & Feed Chemical
Fertilizer 395.2 0.4 Industry
Domestic and
municipal wastes 0.1
32.9 111.6 2.1
Waste sludges 14.2 224.9 Farm/ 54.5
Ranch 17.5 75.1 Humans Wastes
110.6 129.3
Phosphate 0.2 55.4
10.6 Fertilizer
rock Humans Livestock
110.6 2.1 145.2 0.1
356.1 18.7 Wastewater Fertilizer
155.9 Wastes
Chemical
Industry Agricultural
0.2 14.2 lands
Steelmaking 3.1
24.5
42.8 14.5
Industry
Other 88.2 10.5 6.6 Natural
63.9 Products/ Waste sludges
Industry Waters
157.2 Other mineral By-products 14.2
resources Fertilizer Soils 32.9
103.6 4.7 Steel Farm/Ranch
17.4 Humans
22.9
Domestic 0.2
Steelmaking 96.4 54.5
Chemical
Industry Livestock 18.7
products Industry Slag 3.2 Wastes
Food & Feed
Total inflow of phosphorus to Japan is approximately 750 kt/Y. The import of rock phosphate accounts for 15%.
Yokoyama, et al., ISIJ International, 47: 1541-1548 (2007)
P RECYCLING AS GREEN INDUSTRY
Food Industry Food Food and Feed Agriculture
Vegetable oil
refinery
Consume
process r Fertilizer P Farmland Ash Manure
Water Industry fertilizer
reclamation
P
Eutrophication recovered
control Recycle Industry
High-tech
Sewage Wastewater Biosludge P- Cement Industry
treatment free Industry
ash The P content of clinker Automobile
needs to be lower than
As 0.5%. Semiconduct
h or
Yellow P Phosphoric High-quality Liquid crystal
P Recycling for Industry Yellow P
manufacturin acid phosphate
g manufacturing
P
slag Phosphate
Iron ore Steel-making production by a wet
Steel
Coke slag process
Industry
P-free Phosphoric Phosphat Chemical Industry
slug acid e
P-free slag can be returned manufacturing
to a steel manufacturing
process. P recovered
Steel-making P recycle through
Industry yellow phosphorus
regeneration
INCENTIVE TO EUTROPHICATION CONTROL
Eutrophication
Microcystis aeruginosa
cyanobacteriumInorganic Pi Organic Pi ＊Pi regulon genes
Pi-starvatopm inducible but
Most favorable 1000-fold increase not involved in Pi regulon
Pi polyP PPi Organic Pi G1P H6P G3P genes
Pi starvation Enzymes and proteins
Hydrolysis ATPase activity
Pi Inhibition Bap＊ (pH8~10)
Ca2+ (pH2.5) Pi
Mg2+etc. BAP PhoA Pi AppA● polyP
C source
Periplasmic region
H6P (pH4~6) CpdB
（constitutive）
Pst＊Pi-starvation10-foldC source
increase
Agp UshA (pH7.5) cAMP+CAP
Control
Pit (pstSCAB)
Km=0.4mM, Ka=1mM cAMP+CAP
?
Dimer（BAP activity）
Ugp＊(ugpBAECQ)
(pitA) (pitB) Inhibition of UDP-G
S-S Arg-22
Km=38.2mM Control Km=1.5mM
Vmax=55nmol /min mg
Vmax=15.9nmol /min mg
Ca++ degradation UhpT GlpT Vmax=3nmol/min mg Outer
Bond forming
Leader peptidase１ membrane
PhoB control C A PolyP-PHB Amino peptidase A E
Q (Hydrolysis ）
complex C
471amino acids
NTP Pi Pi Glycerophosphoryl
RNA,DNA + PPi [0.5mM]
Amino acid starvation +
(Trinucleotides) [Pi]4mM
Lon protease ATP, GTP, NTP
H+ NADH
Electron transport
Acetyl-CoA 330 amino acids
Tertial structure
ADP+Pi
FADH2
Oxalacetic acid + Cross Regulation
Isocitric acid
Pi
H+ Pta
CoA
（C and energy metabolism）
Phosphorylation trimer PhoE＊
L-Malic acid or 1 channel/monomer
AtpLBEAGDC Detection by censor
TCA OmPF
ATP Glycolysis Fumaric acid a-ketogluttaric acid Acetyl phosphate PhoB Activation
Cycle F O
Gapa AckA ADP OmPC
GAP BPG PEP C-Plyase PhnG~M＊ Control
Succinic sucCD Organic Pi Pathway Pi
Pgc Pyruvate kinase
acid Succinyl-CoA ATP+Acetate
Pi
Degradation of
Phosphonates
E Phn＊ Organic Pi
Cross regulation
Glucose Pi ATP ATPGDP GDP+Pi K I
CDE
Phosphorylation
GTP
Activation CreB
? Transcriptional factor P G J Phosphonates
ATP PhoB H
efficiency
N M
PhoP ADP L Amino ester phosphonate etc.
PhoQ Unknown target Accesary
Methyl phosphonate
CreC Ortho phosphonate etc.
PsiE
PhoH Unknown function
PsiF PhosphonatesGENETIC ENGINEERING OF POLYP ACCUMULATION
=O
=O
BAP
[Pi] HO-P-OH RO-P-OH [Org-Pi]
-
-
OH OH
Phosphate-specific Transport Phosphate Inorganic Transport
PST PIT
Polyphosphate kinase
=O
=O
=O
=O
=O
PhnCDE PhnG-M PPK
=O
H-P-OH H-P-OH [ATP] -O-P-O-P-O-P-OH
HO-P-OH
-
-
-
-
-
OH
-
OH OH OH OH OH
[Pt] PPX
[Pt] [Pi] [polyP]
exopolyphosphatase
PhnG-M Polyphosphate
PhnCDE =O
R-P-OH Inducible under Pi limitation
-
OH
[Pn]
Polyphosphate
K. Imazu et a., Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 64: 3754-3758 (1998).MICROBIAL CONSORTIA FOR PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL Enhanced biological phosphorus removal primarily relies on the ability of sludge microorganisms to accumulate polyphosphate.
INNOVATION FOR P RECOVERY FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE A range of issues impede further advancement in P recovery from sewage sludge, relevant to the quality control, capital and operating costs, and the immature market for recovered P.
SLUDGE MANAGEMENT Phosphate can be released from polyphosphate-accumulating sludge by anaerobic sludge digestion.
SLUDGE MANAGEMENT
Heating tank
Phosphate can also be released from polyphosphate-accumulating
sludge by heating at 70oC, if inexpensive heat is available.
Kuroda et al. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 78:333-338 (2002).PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY AS STRUVITE Struvite crystallization reactor
Struvite often causes difficult incrustation problems in pipelines. The hard crystalline incrustations have to be removed by means of mechanical cleaning techniques.
PHOSPHORUS RECOVERY FROM INCINERATION ASH
From Mr. K. Goto, Gifu City OfficeQUALITY, COST, AND MARKET BARRIERS
Recovered phosphorus
From Mr. K. Goto, Gifu City OfficeCalcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH)
Onoda Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Patent publication number: JPA_2009285635
After P adsorption
Before use
N and P content after P adsorption
Ca/P＝2 Ca/P＝1.5 Ca/P＝1
N 0.13 0.12 0.19
P2O5 15.6 18.3 22.0Phosphate can be recovered from the sludge digestion
liquor using calcium silicate hydrate as an inexpensive
adsorbent.
Onoda Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.BUSINESS MODELS FOR P RECYCLING
Business
Food Industry
model Food Food and Feed Agriculture
2
Vegetable oil
refinery
Consume
process r Fertilizer
Business P Farmland Ash Manure
Water Industry
model 3 fertilizer
reclamation
P
Eutrophication recovered
control Recycle Industry
Business High-tech
Sewage Wastewater model 1
Biosludge P- Cement Industry
treatment free Industry
ash The P content of clinker Automobile
needs to be lower than
As 0.5%. Semiconduct
h or
Yellow P Phosphoric High-quality Liquid crystal
P Recycling for Industry Yellow P
manufacturin acid phosphate
g manufacturing
P
slag Phosphate
Iron ore Steel-making production by a wet
Steel
Coke slag process
Industry
P-free Phosphoric Phosphat Chemical Industry
slug acid e
P-free slag can be returned manufacturing
to a steel manufacturing
process. P recovered
Steel-making P recycle through
Industry yellow phosphorus
regenerationBEYOND GAPS BETWEEN SECTORS
Waste water treatment Night soil treatment
plants (WWTP) plant
・Hotels
・Superstores
P recovery P recovery
・Food manufacturers （Heatphos） （Heatphos）
Recovered P
Industrial Wastes Industrial Wastes
P recycling center Biogas
Electricity
Ashidagawa Heat energy
WWTP Biophosphorites
P industry
Sales
P recovery Fertilizer
Recovered P Industry
（Heatphos）
Model area in P
recycling
The Phosphorus Recycling Promotion Council of Japan
Industry Academia GovernmentTHE PHOSPHORUS RECYCLING PROMOTION COUNCIL OF JAPAN
INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION
Phosphate rock P depletion is a common
challenge in Asia. The P
recycling technology of
P recycle technology Japan can make a great
Yellow phosphate contribution to the crisis
prevention.
Yellow phosphate
Transfer of P recycle technology
Efficiency of P use China P fertilizer
P recycling Vietnam Japan Food and Feed
Technology improvement Others Industrial P
Stable supply of P from Asia
International cooperation for P recycling in AsiaYou can also read
