NEXT GENERATION LEADERS - THE TEENAGER ON STRIKE FOR THE PLANET GRETA THUNBERG
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M A Y 2 7, 2 0 1 9 NEXT GENERATION LEADERS THE TEENAGER ON STRIKE FOR THE PLANET GRETA THUNBERG PLUS 9 MORE TRAILBLAZERS SHAPING OUR WORLD time.com
VOL. 193, NO. 20 | 2019 4 | Conversation 10 | For the Record The View Features Time Off △ Morgan Lyles and Ideas, opinion, What to watch, read, After Khashoggi her twins Lena and The Brief innovations Activists carrying on the legacy see and do Maura at home in News from the U.S. 23 | Ian Bremmer 51 | Game over. Columbus, Ohio, on why democracy of the slain journalist come under and around the world Bring on niche TV on May 11 is more appealing threat themselves 11 | How the trade war will be fought to the world if it By Josh Meyer 26 54 | Reviews: isn’t American The Souvenir, a new 13 | The ripple John Wick, Fleabag Photograph by effects of 25 | America’s Work-Life Imbalance and Catch-22 Maddie McGarvey history of Bulgaria, Chile—even Iraq— for TIME Venezuela’s crisis abortion bans guarantee paid maternal leave. 56 | Books: 14 | A Brexit baseball reads and a 25 | Farming In the U.S., it gets more lip service memoir of loss champion again rattles Britain gone wrong than legislation By Abby Vesoulis 32 57 | Gaming 15 | Rihanna makes Jeopardy! fashion history Next Generation Leaders 58 | Appreciation: 16 | TIME with . .. Ten trailblazers who are reshaping the depths of Doris former NFL player their fields around the globe 38 Day turned math whiz John Urschel 60 | 10 Questions for former Supreme 18 | The siege Court Justice John of Tripoli Paul Stevens TIME (ISSN 0040-781X) is published weekly, except for two weeks in February and December and one week in January, May, June, July, August, September due to combined issues by TIME USA, LLC. PRINCIPAL OFFICE: 225 Liberty Street, New York, NY 10281-1008. Periodicals postage paid at New York, N.Y., and additional mailing offices. POSTMASTER: Send all UAA to CFS (See DMM 507.1.5.2); Non-Postal and Military Facilities: Send address corrections to Time Magazine, PO BOX 37508 Boone, IA 50037-0508. Canada Post Publications Mail Agreement # 40069223. BN# 888381621RT0001. © 2019 TIME USA, LLC. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A. CUSTOMER SERVICE AND SUBSCRIPTIONS: For 24/7 service, please use our website: www.time.com/myaccount. You can also call 1-800-843-8463 or write Time Magazine PO Box 37508 Boone, IA 50037-0508. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is strictly prohibited. Your bank may provide updates to the card information we have on file. You may opt out of this service at any time. uuuuuuu 2 Time May 27, 2019
Congratulations. Business leadership is now * gender equal. *At current rates, this will be true in the year 2073. With your help, we can make sure it won’t take 54 years to reach gender parity. Be Equal promotes the advancement of gender equality in business leadership—for everyone, of any gender. It’s part of our decades-long commitment to nondiscrimination in the workplace. It’s why we are constantly developing technologies that help businesses combat unconscious bias and promote equal opportunity. Business leaders around the world have already joined us in this promise to take action. Make your pledge today at ibm.com/BeEqual * ìWomen, leadership, and the priority paradox.î IBM Institute for Business Value. March 2019. https://ibm.co/womenleaders. IBM, the IBM logo, and ibm.com are trademarks of International Business Machines Corp., registered in many jurisdictions worldwide. See current list at ibm.com/trademark. Other product and service names might be trademarks of IBM or other companies. ©International Business Machines Corp. 2019.
Conversation NEXT GENERATION LEADERS It’s been five years since TIME joined forces with Rolex to launch Next Generation Leaders, a biannual selection of rising stars in politics, culture, science, sports and business (page 38). Past honorees WHAT YOU Photograph by have won office, Oscars and Olympic SAID ABOUT ... Hellen van Meene for TIME medals. The new class includes cover subjects Greta Thunberg (top), who led “i hAvE A plAN” Fans of Massachusetts climate-change protests worldwide, Senator Elizabeth Warren saw Haley and Tessa Thompson, who’s shifting Sweetland Edwards’ May 20 profile as a the conversation on representation in victory for the 2020 Democratic presidential Hollywood. “The great thing about candidate. “She’s FINALLY starting to get the shaping this list is highlighting young media attention she people who are taking risks to create deserves after what’s change,” says deputy international edi- been an incredible ‘I was an tor Naina Bajekal, who oversees the early-stage @SenWarren Photograph by project. “They aren’t afraid to break campaign,” tweeted fan before Gizelle Hernandez boundaries.” See video profiles of the activist Adam reading for TIME honorees at time.com/nextgenleaders Best. Conservative the @TIME pundit S.E. Cupp profile. I’m KUDOS On tweeted that the a bigger May 13, TIME story was right one now.’ national corres- to point out that pondent Molly Ball @FENBEAST, Warren “definitely on Twitter won the Gerald R. has real policy Ford Presidential Foundation’s plans, where many Distinguished other candidates don’t. Now it’s up to voters Reporting on the to decide if they make sense.” (For her, she Presidency Award, added, “they don’t.”) Rodney W. Hanson of for work that shed Lacey, Wash., wished the article mentioned “valuable light on the tumult” of even more of Warren’s policy positions, Donald Trump’s particularly those on climate change, but to second year Facebook user Paul Dukich, all those policies in office. ran together as “more and more taxes.” BEHIND THE PHOTO Last fall, a photo of SETTING a Honduran mother and her children fleeing THE RECORD “CEOs ArE NOt OvErpAid” Tyler Cowen’s tear gas near the U.S.-Mexico border went STRAIGHT ▶ In April 22 op-ed on executive pay was a viral. Now, on TIME.com, learn more about “Elizabeth Warren Has a Plan for “great write-up on the pay discrepancy Maria Lidia Meza Castro (above, standing), That” (May 20), between a [CEO] and the average worker,” the woman in the picture. Photographer we misstated Federica Valabrega met Castro days before tweeted @DeanClass. Fred Gibson of that incident and recently visited her and her where Warren first worked as a special- Tahlequah, Okla., family at their Washington, D.C.–area home. needs teacher. It worried that a Read more at time.com/migrant-mother was in New Jersey. ‘Highly “devastating TALK TO US recommended effect” of that perspective, discrepancy would ▽ ▽ send an email: follow us: especially if be the “disconnect letters@time.com facebook.com/time Please do not send attachments @time (Twitter and Instagram) you disagree.’ between CEOs and the rest of society.” @AULDERIC, on Twitter On Cowen’s point Letters should include the writer’s full name, address and home about CEO raises telephone and may be edited for purposes of clarity and space tied to the value of a company, “Imagine tying teacher Back Issues Contact us at help.single@customersvc.com or F E D E R I C A VA L A B R EG A compensation to the value of the organization call 1-800-274-6800. Reprints and Permissions Information is available at time.com/reprints. To request custom reprints, in which they teach,” wrote Susan Bosworth visit timereprints.com. Advertising For advertising rates and Please recycle this Sheridan of Rockingham, Va. “I believe the our editorial calendar, visit timemediakit.com. Syndication For international licensing and syndication requests, visit magazine and remove inserts or samples answer is … priceless.” timeinc.com/syndication. before recycling
For the Record ‘I think all grand juries are ‘I didn’t mind improper. I don’t like explaining $850,871 Annual potential fine faced the secrecy of it.’ photosynthesis by Trump International Hotel & Tower in New York City if it is not upgraded to meet the city’s new environmental to you when you CHELSEA MANNING, WikiLeaks standards for buildings whistle-blower released from jail May 9, on why she won’t comply with a new subpoena ‘His main were 12. But you’re ‘All I can do is continue concern is that turkey season adults now, and this to share the human impact of what it ends this week, and is an actual crisis.’ BILL NYE, host of Bill Nye the Science Guy, urging viewers to take means to be Palestinian.’ RASHIDA TLAIB, Michigan he has not climate change more seriously, on the May 12 episode of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver Congresswoman, on the May 13 episode of Late Night With Seth Meyers, addressing reached the controversy over a podcast in which she articulated his limit.’ tension between the need to THE CARTER CENTER, ‘WE’RE LOOKING FOR provide a safe haven for Jews after the Holocaust and the assuring the public on May 13 that 94-year-old IRAN TO BEHAVE LIKE consequences to Palestinians former President Jimmy A NORMAL COUNTRY.’ Carter is expected to fully recover from surgery MIKE POMPEO, U.S. Secretary of State, addressing escalating after breaking his hip tensions with Iran on May 14; a year after the U.S. pulled out of Constance Wu while preparing to go on a the Iran deal, the State Department advised citizens not to travel The actor caught flak for turkey-hunting trip to Iran and partially evacuated the U.S. embassy in Iraq saying she wished sitcom Fresh Off the Boat hadn’t been renewed May 10 so she could take a new role 46 million I L L U S T R AT I O N S B Y B R O W N B I R D D E S I G N F O R T I M E BAD WEEK Number of Australian GOOD WEEK banknotes that were printed with responsibility misspelled “responsibilty”; the Reserve Bank of Wu-Tang Clan Australia apologized and said The hip-hop group the error would be corrected announced it’s for the next print run releasing a new EP on May 17 10 Time May 27, 2019 S O U R C E S : A P ; C N N ; T H E G U A R D I A N ; N E W YO R K T I M E S; R O L L I N G S T O N E
CROP DUSTUP Soybean farms, like this one in Maryland, have been caught up in the U.S.- China trade war INSIDE CUBA RATIONS FOOD IN THE BREXIT BOOSTER NIGEL FARAGE KYLE MACLACHLAN REMEMBERS FACE OF ECONOMIC TROUBLE RETURNS TO BRITISH POLITICS TWIN PEAKS’ PEGGY LIPTON PHOTOGR APH BY EDWIN REMSBERG
TheBrief Opener TRADE Year after year, it dumped cheap goods overseas and favored Chinese companies over foreign firms, siphoning The real trade war: off intellectual property and trade secrets. Whose rules will reign? China has used the illicit profits of that engagement to construct a direct challenge to the American-led postwar By John Walcott order. China’s Belt and Road Initiative infrastructure plan includes 126 nations and 29 international organizations ay Gaesser, a soybean farmer in CorninG, and is producing global strategic benefits, from a 99-year R Iowa, is on the front lines of the escalating trade war between the U.S. and China. Last fall, he was optimistic that the world’s two largest economies would seal a deal that would keep his crops moving to market in China. But as tit-for-tat tariffs have lease on a new Indian Ocean seaport in Sri Lanka to an overseas military base in Djibouti at the entrance to the Red Sea. China now publicly declares its goal of becoming the world’s dominant superpower and has used stolen technology to “[alter] the calculus of global power,” made his soybeans less competitive, Gaesser, 66, says it according to a March report by the U.S. Navy. will be hard for many growers to turn a profit this year. “Farmers’ patience is growing thin,” he tells ‘If someone this situation leaves Americans facing TIME. The question that really scares him: “Are thinks their something they have never seen before: an we going to be in this for a long, long time?” own race and adversary that is an economic, technological and, The answer almost certainly is yes. President civilization increasingly, military rival. But how to respond to Donald Trump’s efforts to force China to the rule breaking that enables that threat? With buy more U.S. agricultural products, open is superior a similar abandonment of the rules, or renewed up to foreign business and rewrite laws that and insists on attempts to impose them? incentivize intellectual-property theft is part remolding or Some Administration officials think sticking by of a bigger challenge. It’s not just that the U.S. replacing other the trade rules is a sucker’s game and believe eco- and China—both of which announced billions civilizations, nomic isolation through a permanent trade war is of dollars’ worth of new tariffs in the first half it would be a the only way forward. “[Trump aide] Peter Navarro of May—are competing over who will be the stupid idea and and [former adviser] Steve Bannon believe that the world’s dominant economic, technological and disastrous act.’ Chinese Communist Party is more vulnerable and military power. It’s a question of who writes the sensitive to economic harm than is the U.S.,” says rules, not just for trade but also for disputed XI JINPING, Zack Cooper of the American Enterprise Institute, China’s President, areas from cyberspace to outer space. And that at a May 15 conference who meets with White House officials. Trump him- struggle is just getting started. in Beijing self threatened to abandon the WTO last August. The first step for the U.S. is to decide for itself But many traditional free traders are horrified what rules it wants to play by. Trump has talked at the idea of throwing those rules, built over a P R E V I O U S PA G E : V W P I C S/A P ; X I : L I U W E I B I N G — X I N H U A /S I PA U S A ; B A S K E T B A L L : M A R K B L I N C H — N B A E /G E T T Y I M A G E S of abandoning the World Trade Organization (WTO), generation to American advantage, overboard. “The which has been the arbiter of U.S.-China trade entire Republican establishment is shaking in its boots,” for nearly 20 years. He’s won applause in some says GOP donor Dan Eberhart, CEO of Denver-based quarters, including from Democrats on Capitol drilling services company Canary, LLC. “Trump Hill, for his go-it-alone approach, but others see has picked a fight he may not be able to win, and danger in the U.S.’s facing off with the Middle it’s impossible to ascertain how this ends.” The Kingdom on its own. “For seven decades politics are complicated by Democratic support since World War II, a rules-based framework for confrontation. Senate minority leader Chuck led by Washington has defined world order, Schumer, a New York Democrat, urged Trump producing an era without war among great on May 5, “Don’t back down. Strength is the only powers,” Harvard professor Graham Allison way to win with China.” writes in his 2017 book, Destined for War: That may be, but not if China is stronger. Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Beijing has a skeptical view of international Trap?. “Today, an increasingly powerful China is rules, seeing the WTO as just another extension unraveling this order, throwing into question the of centuries-long mercantilist and colonialist peace generations have taken for granted.” Western policies. And getting it to play by the Much of the blame lies with Beijing. Successive rules will likely take more than just a trade war with Western leaders bet that “constructive engagement” the U.S. For Iowa farmer Ray Gaesser, who backs with China’s leaders would ease the world’s most Trump, the answer is allies. “It would have been populous nation into the liberal, free-trading world really good to find support from our fellow countries order. After China joined the WTO in 2001 it made who export to China and build a team to go after occasional nods to Western trade rules, but as it China,” he says, “rather than doing it unilaterally.” gained economic clout, it increasingly resisted —With reporting by alana abramson, brian demands to transform its state-controlled economy. benneTT and jusTin worland/washinGTon 12 Time May 27, 2019
NEWS TICKER WhatsApp security flaw revealed The instant-messaging service WhatsApp announced on May 13 that hackers had been able to inject spyware into phones by exploiting a security flaw. The company, which is owned by Facebook, urged its 1.5 billion users to update their apps as soon as possible. FOLLOW THE BOUNCING BALL On May 12, in the final seconds of the Eastern Conference semifinals, Kawhi Leonard of the Toronto Raptors arced a prayer toward the ceiling. The shot caught the rim, somehow, and bounced on the basket—once, twice, three times, four times. The arena fell silent, awaiting a season’s fate. Finally, the ball dropped in. Bedlam. Toronto beat Philadelphia in the Trump NBA’s first Game 7 to end on a buzzer beater; we’ll be wondering how that one fell forever. welcomes far-right PM THE BULLETIN President Donald Trump called Hungary’s As rationing begins, Cuba braces for authoritarian Prime economic impact from Venezuela crisis Minister Viktor Orban “highly respected” and said he is doing fallouT from The power sTruGGle in FROM AFAR Those imports are at the heart a “tremendous job” Venezuela can be felt far beyond its borders, of the problem. Cuba imports two-thirds during the European perhaps nowhere more than in Cuba. The of its food each year, and Díaz said it’s had leader’s May 13 visit U.S. has said Havana’s support for strong- to find new sources since Washington has to the White House. man Nicolás Maduro is helping him stay expanded sanctions amid controversy over Human-rights and democracy advocates in power in Caracas; as punishment, the Havana’s relationship to Maduro. (Cuba de- have criticized Orban’s Trump Administration has imposed sanc- nies military involvement in Venezuela but embrace of far-right tions on Cuba. While Havana has pushed recently signaled openness to helping ne- actions and rhetoric. back on the accusation, it seems the island gotiate peace there.) Last month the Trump cannot escape the effects of the Venezuela Administration also announced it will limit conflict. Cuba announced new rations on money Cuban Americans can send family Drones hit food and hygiene products on May 10, stok- there and allow U.S. citizens to sue for prop- Saudi oil ing fears of a worsening economic crisis. erty seized after Cuba’s 1959 revolution. pipeline LIMITED SUPPLY Cuba’s Interior Commerce BE PREPARED It’s not just food. Cuba’s Saudi Arabia said on Minister, Betsy Díaz Velázquez, said the economy grew in the late 1990s and early May 14 that an oil country would start restricting the purchase 2000s thanks in part to an influx of oil from pipeline in its Eastern Province had been of basics such as chicken, rice, beans and hy- Venezuela, supplies of which have also col- struck by a drone giene products like soap, to ensure “equal lapsed in recent months as the situation attack. Houthi rebels distribution” for all. Rationing had already there worsens. But many Cubans remember in Yemen said they begun in some parts of Cuba, and shoppers the depression that followed the fall of the had launched cross- have complained for weeks of empty shelves Soviet Union and worry that food and fuel border drone attacks against the kingdom, and long lines. But the new policy will apply shortages may be a sign of more trouble to which has been across the country and likely have a particu- come. “It’s not about returning to the harsh- involved in Yemen’s larly intense effect on Cuba’s burgeoning est phase of [the economic crisis] of the ongoing civil war— private businesses, which often rely on state- ’90s,” Communist Party head Raúl Castro and in backing the run stores for supplies because of the govern- said last month. “Although we do have to be coalition fighting the Houthis—since 2015. ment’s domination of imports and exports. ready for the worst.” —abiGail abrams 13
TheBrief News POSTCARD has been pushed back to Oct. 31, and the U.K. The Godfather of must, by law, vote for candidates in the Euro- NEWS pean legislature. TICKER Brexit returns to rile That was enough to bring the Brexit Godfa- up the U.K. ther, who left UKIP completely last year, back Top court into politics. In April, he launched the Brexit okays Apple When The sun shines on ClaCTon-on-sea Party to compete in the E.U. elections. His antitrust case on the east coast of England, the town comes message is again one of insurgent anger. “We alive with sunbathers, kids playing arcade ma- have openly and willfully been betrayed by our The U.S. Supreme Court on May 13 said it chines and shopkeepers hawking beach balls government,” he told the pro-Leave crowd in would let an antitrust on the sand-swept promenade. But the sky on Clacton to cheers and applause. case against Apple a recent spring morning was overcast, and it It appears to be working. According to one move forward, allowing hung over a different sort of crowd. poll, 34% of voters plan to back Farage in the consumers to sue the Hundreds gathered at Clacton’s pier on E.U. elections, ahead of both May’s Conserva- company over the 30% commission it takes on April 23, many bearing pro-Brexit placards tives and the official opposition Labour Party. App Store sales, which and wearing Union Jack pins. As the man they The victory would be mostly symbolic, the plaintiffs say is had come to see, Nigel Farage, stepped up to as any elected lawmakers would stand down an abuse of its power. speak, a local politician hailed him by a nick- once Brexit finally happens. But for May, who Apple argued that only name: the Godfather of Brexit. has been fending off calls to resign for months, app developers should bring such a suit. Farage’s lobbying was indeed instrumen- a poor performance in E.U. elections might tal to the U.K.’s decision to leave the European be the final straw for her premiership. For her Union in the referendum of June 2016, espe- Conservative Party, it threatens to echo the cially his vociferous anti-migrant sentiment. impact that Farage had on policy as the leader CO2 hits But days after the result, he abruptly resigned of UKIP in the early 2010s: emboldening record levels his position as leader of the U.K. Indepen- Euroskeptics and pushing the government in atmosphere dence Party (UKIP). “My political ambition,” rightward. And for the country, it could add he said at the time, “has been achieved.” yet another wrinkle in the stuttering political B E E R : G E T T Y I M A G E S; C O N W AY: C B S/G E T T Y I M A G E S; L I P T O N : D O N A L D S O N C O L L E C T I O N / M I C H A E L O C H S A R C H I V E S/G E T T Y I M A G E S; R I H A N N A : G E T T Y I M A G E S Scientists said on May 11 that levels Now Farage is back and touring the Brexit process to bid the E.U. farewell. of atmospheric heartland in search of another political upset. No political upset could possibly match carbon dioxide, which This time the target is the European Parlia- the scale of Farage’s victory in 2016. But as contributes to the greenhouse effect, ment elections scheduled for May 23. seagulls circled over Clacton, he warned that reached highs last Had Britain left the E.U. on March 29, as 2019 could be the start of something at least seen more than originally planned, the vote would not be hap- comparable. “Do you believe that this politi- 3 million years ago, pening here. But in the months leading up to cal class now needs to be swept aside and re- at which point sea the date, Prime Minister Theresa May could placed by better people?” The crowd roared levels were some 50 ft. higher than today. not persuade lawmakers to ratify her E.U. yes. “Well that is what we are going to do!” CO2 now makes up exit deal and asked for a delay. Now Brexit —Billy Perrigo/ClaCTon-on-sea, u.K. 415 molecules out of every million in the air, up from 400 in 2013. RETAIL Caught short Barr opens On May 9, Party City announced the closure of 45 stores. Among the factors affecting the review of business was a global shortage of helium gas, which the chain said had “negatively impacted” Russia inquiry its ability to meet demand for balloons. Here, other surprising shortages. —Ciara Nugent U.S. Attorney General BRUSHES DOWN SILK STOCKING BEER BLIGHT William Barr has told Amid its postwar In the late 1980s, A large British Connecticut’s top housing boom in China suffered a wholesaler had to federal prosecutor to 1946, Australia ran lack of the silkworm ration its beer supply investigate how the low on paintbrushes, cocoons used to in the summer of Russia probe began, a forcing the national make raw silk. The 2018, after the move President Trump air force to fly to Journal of Commerce temporary closure wanted but that law- civil war–stricken traced the issue to of several European enforcement officials China to find and rising demand for the fertilizer factories say is unnecessary. bring home 25 metric fabric and damage led to a shortage of This is the third known tons of pig bristles to to the mulberry trees CO2, needed to make Justice Department make new ones. the worms eat. lager effervescent. inquiry into the Russia investigation. 14 Time May 27, 2019
Milestones ENDORSED ANNOUNCED The Christchurch Call, New Zealand A ‘seismic shift’ Prime Minister for fashion Jacinda Ardern’s plan to push platforms to LVmH is tHe Largest help eliminate online luxury-goods conglomerate in extremism, by 18 governments and the world, and it just got a bit top tech firms, on bigger—in an unprecedented May 15. The U.S. did way. On May 10, Rihanna not join due to free- confirmed the launch of a speech concerns. new fashion house, under EXTENDED her Fenty brand, that will be Sri Lanka’s part of the prestigious LVMH nationwide curfew stable, alongside names like for a second night Dior and Givenchy. Fenty will on May 14, after be the group’s first label led by anti-Muslim violence sparked by the a woman of color. Easter bombings. The deal reflects Rihan- na’s brand power, affirmed PLEADED by the successes of her inclu- Guilty, by actor Felic- ity Huffman, who sive cosmetics brand Fenty admitted on May 13 Beauty and lingerie line Sav- that she arranged for age X Fenty, which tapped her daughter’s SAT consumer markets most lux- exam to be altered ury brands don’t reach. as part of the college- admissions scandal Perhaps more significant, revealed this spring. it reflects a change in the highest strata of the fashion TESTIFIED world. Brands like those in That the New York LVMH have long asserted an City police officer who Lipton poses for a portrait circa 1967, shortly before The Mod Squad killed Eric Garner in made her a household name aspirational aesthetic rooted 2014 used a pro- DIED in European power; historian Rhonda Garelick says the Peggy Lipton hibited choke hold on him, by an NYPD deal represents “a seismic training official during the officer’s disciplin- Counterculture icon shift” in the way the fashion world thinks about prestige. ary trial May 14. By Kyle MacLachlan “We must not overlook the DIED Peggy LiPton’s Performance as JuLie Barnes on The Mod potent symbolism,” she says, Actor Tim Squad made a huge impact on my whole generation. The show “of a woman of color, from a Conway, known for was decidedly not meant for our parents, and Peggy, who died former European colony in his role on on May 11 at 72, was a revelation. She represented a type of per- the Caribbean, rising to helm The Carol son not seen on television before, the quintessential example of a a new luxury brand from this Burnett Show, on new kind of woman, young and hip, with a resilience that comple- iconic French company.” May 14 at age 85. mented a truly gentle spirit. —wiLder daVies RE-ELECTED Later, she played a more personal, yet equally influential, President Cyril role in my life, when we worked together on Twin Peaks. Peggy Ramaphosa and brought mystery and strength in equal measure to the character the African National of Norma, who ran the Double R Diner. She radiated a sense of Congress, by South purpose, and her performance on the show in many ways mir- African voters on May 11. rored Peggy the unique individual. She was always gracious and ever thoughtful, and moved to her own rhythm. She was wise and ENDED seemed all-knowing, and I instinctively felt that her world was An annual Austrian full and complete—and far more fascinating than she would ever ball that raises money for HIV/AIDS reveal to the rest of us. causes, as progress When she poured you a coffee at the counter at the Double R, on treatment has her smile and calming voice made everything feel all right with made it harder to find the world. And she made one hell of a cherry pie. sponsors. MacLachlan is an actor 15
TheBrief TIME with ... Ex–NFL player never good at math.’ But people don’t joke about being illiterate. Being mathematically illiterate is John Urschel gave quite a dangerous thing.” up the game for a Ph.D.— GrowinG up in Buffalo, n.y., Urschel began his and a life—in math love affair with numbers early. When his attorney By Sean Gregory mother took him shopping, she’d let him keep the change if he calculated the 8% sales tax before the cashier rang it up. The summer before eighth grade, One recenT afTernOOn in cambridge, mass., he audited a calculus class at the University at Buf- John Urschel and I strolled along the Charles falo, where his dad, a surgeon, was pursuing a mas- River on the way to his office at MIT, where he’s ter’s in economics. Soon, the junior high kid was pursuing a Ph.D. in mathematics. We were passing helping college students finish problem sets. some of the MIT athletic facilities when I asked He also fell for football. Urschel writes that Urschel a seemingly mundane question. Where’s URSCHEL when he was in high school, he and his father, who the football field? Urschel’s response was quick: QUICK played collegiately in Canada, banged helmets in “You’re looking at it.” FACTS the backyard. In today’s concussion-conscious Now, I’m no MIT math major. But I’m bright world, doctors frown upon this kind of head-to- enough to know I was staring straight at a baseball head contact. Even so, Urschel says, “These are ac- Trophy case diamond. Such a slip would have been innocent In 2013, tually some of my fondest moments with my dad.” enough, if Urschel hadn’t spent three seasons as an Urschel, who Urschel earned a football scholarship to Penn offensive lineman for the Baltimore Ravens. earned a 4.0 State, where he majored in math. By the time the In the summer of 2017, Urschel announced he GPA at Penn Ravens selected him in the fifth round of the 2014 was retiring from the NFL, at age 26, to pursue State, won NFL draft, he had his master’s degree and had the Campbell his mathematics doctorate full time. His decision Trophy, published a paper in a top linear-algebra journal. came two days after the Journal of the American known as the (Urschel specializes in graph theory, the branch Medical Association published a study showing “academic of advanced math that studies the connectivity that chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a Heisman.” of networks.) After a rookie season in which he degenerative disease, had been found in the brains started three games, plus two in the playoffs, he No tackling of 110 of 111 ex–NFL players examined by Boston Urschel, who felt ashamed that he was putting off his Ph.D. work University researchers. Yes, the findings factored did not play until he finished pro football. “I felt like I was sell- into Urschel’s decision. But he insists they didn’t tackle football ing myself short,” he says. So he applied to MIT’s tip the scales. He had been thinking hard about until high Ph.D. program and was accepted. The Ameri- stepping away, as he was already taking classes at school, is a can Mathematical Society named a theorem after proponent of MIT. Still, the media painted Urschel’s choice as flag football Urschel and his co-author. “Let G be a finite con- more evidence that smart young pros, fearing brain for kids. nected undirected weighted graph without self- trauma, were fleeing the game. Urschel’s story “There are loops . ..,” the Urschel-Zikatanov theorem begins. proved irresistible: the MIT mathematician had so many Before the 2015 season, Urschel had suffered a calculated that the NFL just wasn’t worth it. alternative concussion that left him unable to process high- ways to play After I inform Urschel that no, he wasn’t football at level math for a few months, but he returned to the looking at a football field, he smiles. “I just don’t that age that field. By the summer of 2017, he was weighing his pay attention,” he says. But Urschel doesn’t object are really options more closely. He was settling into Ph.D. when I cite his slip as a signal that he’s left football fun and life, and Thomas was pregnant. Pounding heads far behind. Nearly two years after retiring, he enjoyable.” seemed unappealing. Then that CTE study was says that while he misses the paycheck—who Film theory released. Two days later, he informed Baltimore wouldn’t?—he hasn’t felt a single pang of regret Urschel’s coach John Harbaugh that he was retiring, think- on football Sundays, when he’s wrestling with favorite math ing no one would notice. But his phone rang off the theorems instead of 300-lb. linemen. “It’s a pretty movie is Good hook. He didn’t go outside for days. “It was one of cool life,” he says. “I wake up in the morning, I Will Hunting. the most unpleasant moments of my life,” he says. (Naturally.) walk to my office. I think all day.” A couple of years removed, Urschel insists he Urschel dedicates much of his new memoir, doesn’t worry that any potential symptoms of Mind and Matter: A Life in Math and Football— CTE—forgetfulness, mood swings, depression— written with his partner, the journalist Louisa will hinder his career. Sure, as an offensive lineman Thomas—to espousing the importance of problem- he absorbed hits to his head. But he points out that solving. “It’s a strange thing,” says Urschel in the just because more than 99% of the brains exam- living room of the Cambridge apartment he shares ined in the study had CTE doesn’t mean more than with Thomas and their year-old daughter, Joanna. 99% of all ex-players do. Such studies have a self- “Some people will sort of joke about, ‘Oh, I was selection bias: many players offer up their brains 16 Time May 27, 2019
because they think they may be damaged. So how of probability tree diagrams in chalk: let’s just say many players does he suspect have CTE? “It’s not if your team’s down 14 with five minutes to go and epsilon close to zero,” he says. “And it’s not some scores a touchdown, the coach needs to go for two. large constant fraction of 100. You know what I’m Urschel would rather spend his time promoting saying? It’s bounded away from both.” ‘Being math. He visits classrooms around the country. In mathema early May he spoke at the National Math Festival Books with titles like Partial Differential Equa- in D.C. He recommends books about calculus via tions in Action and Hierarchical Matrices populate tically his Twitter feed. “I could obsess over a problem for Urschel’s MIT office, along with the usual grad- illiterate days, for weeks, thinking of nothing else, the way student fare that fuels late-night research: cans of is quite a someone might obsess over a girl,” he writes in his black beans, sardines and StarKist tuna. Urschel dangerous own book. “But no girl I had ever met brought me geeks out about the math department’s espresso thing.’ the singular sense of engagement that I got from machine and the equations that fill hallway chalk- JOHN URSCHEL, proving something difficult.” boards. Math can be as cutthroat as football: Ur- lamenting the He also wants athletes, at all levels, to know schel won’t share the subject of his dissertation, frequency with they don’t need to compromise their intellect. lest competition come after it. “But anything on the which people “The United States, more than any other culture, joke about being chalkboard,” he says in the hall, “is fair game.” has the strange marriage of athletics and academ- bad at math Sports teams, which have been staffing up their ics,” Urschel says. “I thought it was important to analytics operations, have come calling with of- show that this is something that really can co- TONY LUONG FOR TIME fers. But academic life holds much more appeal. exist.” He’s 350 miles from Baltimore but might as When I ask him to explain the math of the two- well be 35,000. Urschel turns off the office lights, point conversion, he does with reluctance. “This is and heads home to eat dinner and finish up some as low-level as you get,” he says. He draws a series work. More equations await. 17
LightBox WORLD The siege of Tripoli and shifting alliances While The World’s aTTenTion has been everywhere else, Libya remains in chaos. The capital city, Tripoli, home of the government rec- ognized by the U.N., is under siege by the forces of General Khalifa Haf- tar, who already controls much of the country’s east. Almost six weeks of fighting has killed more than 450 people, wounded more than 2,000 and displaced 66,000, according to the U.N. Haftar, a naturalized U.S. citizen who rose in influence after help- ing oust Muammar Gaddafi in 2011, launched an offensive to wrest Trip- oli from the Government of National Accord on April 4. Although Euro- pean, U.S. and Gulf leaders have all endorsed the U.N.-backed admin- istration, Haftar’s Libya National Army has received support from Egypt, the UAE, Russia and France. In a phone call with Haftar in April, President Trump appeared to signal a shift in U.S. policy, praising his role in fighting terrorism and talking of a “shared vision” for Libya’s future. Magnum photographer Lorenzo Meloni first went to Libya after the uprising that led to the death of Gad- dafi. His latest series of photographs depicts the exhaustion of fighters who have again been called to the front line. Many on the ground told him of the betrayal they felt after having been backed by U.S. airstrikes as they ousted ISIS from Sirte in 2016, only to be abandoned now. Libya has now become “a small Syria,” Meloni says. “There is fighting but no progress.” — Joseph hincks Forces allied with the U.N.-backed government reload ammo on the front line outside Tripoli, Libya, in April PHOTOGR APH BY LORENZO MELONI— MAGNUM PHOTOS ▶ For an extended version of this photo essay, visit time.com/tripoli 18 Time May 27, 2019
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WORLD SELLING DEMOCRACY By Ian Bremmer Nearly three decades after the Cold War’s end, it’s no longer clear that American-style liberal democracy has carried the day. Xi Jinping has consolidated power in China on a scale not seen since Mao. Vladimir Putin has served longer than any other Russian leader since Stalin. Even many democracies are being undermined by populism. ▶ INSIDE RAISING A BLACK CHILD TO WHAT THE CHANGES TO STATE THE FORGOTTEN BE CAREFREE IN AMERICA ABORTION LAWS REALLY MEAN COSTS OF FARMING 23
TheView Opener Democracy remains the form of govern- countries, but they say that U.S. democracy ment most likely to create lasting security and safeguards the rule of law more effectively prosperity. A few oil-producing nations aside, than their own democracies do. Most citizens SHORT READS the world’s wealthiest countries are democra- in authoritarian countries do not like U.S. for- ▶ Highlights cies, and democracies are also less likely to go eign policy, but they do want greater political from stories on to war with one another. freedom in their own countries. time.com/ideas For these reasons, Americans have long The findings from these countries suggest believed that if all the world’s countries were that while democracy remains a popular as- What went to become democracies, everyone would live piration around the world, “attraction” will down easy safer and more prosperous lives. But is U.S.- prove more effective than “promotion” as a style democracy the right path for all? way to help democracy expand. A new JAMA study A new study conducted by the Eurasia The report argues that the U.S. has made found that after Philadelphia imposed Group Foundation (EGF) has produced in- four main mistakes in fostering democracy a soda tax, “purchases teresting findings on public attitudes in other abroad. U.S. policymakers have focused on dropped by 38% countries toward the U.S. and its system of the laws and institutions of other countries compared to the year government. Based but not their politi- before, translating on surveys of citizens cal cultures. They’ve to almost a billion fewer ounces [sold],” in eight countries— Brazilians on U.S. ideas assumed that people writes TIME’s Jamie Brazil, China, Egypt, about democracy they like will forgo near-term Ducharme. One study India, Nigeria, Poland, security and stability 34.6% 22.4% author called these Germany and Japan— for the chance to vote. policies a “no-brainer.” the report, authored by Laws are better Checks on power They’ve used military Mark Hannah, found when politicians ensure nobody intervention to pro- support in all these are responsive gets too mote democratic val- Who’s held in countries for democ- to voters powerful ues without account- contempt racy but mixed atti- ing for the problems tudes toward the U.S. this approach creates. Martin London, and its democracy. And they’ve ignored a former attorney for Spiro Agnew, analyzes A few interesting the values and inter- the possible outcomes data points: ests of those they hope of holding Attorney Brazilians appear to persuade. 19% 24% General William Barr in disappointed with The survey also contempt of Congress their own democ- Everyone, including The protection finds that allowing over the Mueller report and concludes that the racy, but some 70% minorities, of individual foreign-born people most likely is: “Those have a favorable view is treated equally liberties is to study and live in who will decide of American ideas of by the state important the U.S. can help to the fate of Trump’s democracy. promote democracy: presidency are the Respondents in support for American people who gave him a chance in the first China were three times as likely to want their ideas of democracy is driven largely by place ... the voters.” system of government to become more like immigration and direct connections to the American system as less like it. diaspora communities. People who report About 80% of Indians surveyed have a very having had family members or close friends or somewhat favorable view of the U.S. and who have lived in America in the past five When joy is a of the American people, in part because 70% years are significantly more likely to have concern of them have recently had a close friend or positive views. When Dani McClain, family member living in the U.S. That’s one reason U.S. policymakers author of the new book Those surveyed in Germany and Japan, would be more successful if they found the We Live for the We, longtime U.S. allies, were least enthusiastic modesty to promote democracy around the became pregnant, she strategized so that about U.S.-style democracy. More than half world without the explicit American packag- as a black parent in of Germans reported an unfavorable view. ing and with the humility to acknowledge America, she would The survey found that in wealthy coun- that the U.S. has often failed to live up to de- not raise her child to tries, opposition to President Trump and mocracy’s highest ideals. Democracy’s appeal be afraid. “For black perceptions of income inequality drove comes in the power it gives individuals to set families,” she writes, “engaging in joyful unfavorable opinions of the U.S. Respon- their own course. America should accept that practices is necessary dents overwhelmingly favor democracy as each country will need to find its own path to our survival, to our practiced in their own countries. Those in to adopt democracy. ability to fully claim emerging-market democracies dislike the ac- our humanity.” tive role the U.S. sometimes plays in other Bremmer is founder and board president of EGF 24 Time May 27, 2019
HISTORY A warning from the past QUICK TALK on restrictive abortion laws John Chester By Leslie J. Reagan The filmmaker discusses the 200-acre farm he and On may 14 The alabama SenaTe paSSed lifesaving treatment for the complica- his wife Molly started, with the nation’s most extreme abortion bill. tions that can follow abortions when the the support of investors, to grow food in a way that If it goes into effect, it would ban abortion procedure is poorly performed. regenerates the land; almost entirely in the state—in every stage In at least one case, police surrounded it is the subject of his of pregnancy—and make it a felony for several women as they left their provider, documentary The Biggest providers to perform the procedure. arrested them and took them to a doctor Little Farm. It would also send Alabama back to who performed gynecological exams on the 19th century. The state first made them, overseen by police, for evidence. What’s wrong with how abortion a crime a bit more than 150 years Some women in such situations were told America grows its food? ago, and others passed similar measures that if they did not testify, they could In the last 260 years, through the middle of that century. These be subject to prosecution. As far as is we’ve lost a third of our laws punished everyone involved in abor- known, those patients were not charged, topsoil. We’ve destroyed tion: providers and assistants; partners but others throughout history have been. 46% of our forests. It would who helped pay; even advertisers. All Making abortion illegal never meant be very shortsighted to faced jail and fines. And though some abortion didn’t happen. Women of every think that the ecosystem antiabortion class, marital of this planet will be able commentators status, religion to support any kind of claim women and race still farming, let alone any were not pun- obtained them. type of economy. ished when Before Roe, hos- abortion was pitals had en- Eggs from your farm are $15 a dozen. What would illegal, many tire wards for we do about people who statutes explic- patients expe- need to eat for less money? itly included riencing sepsis We’ve become O.K. with them too. after shoddy a $3 carton of eggs Alabama’s or self-induced and treating chickens new legislation abortions. Chi- inhumanely and eating follows other cago’s Cook eggs that are more nutrient- restrictive mea- County Hospi- deficient. But we need sures around the Protesters rally against Alabama’s new tal had 5,000 to ask: What is the value U.S.—like the abortion bill in Montgomery on May 14 patients annu- of humane treatment? Georgia “heart- ally in the abor- Of nutrient density? Of beat” law, which bans abortion before tion ward—women who were bleeding, not extracting from our many women even know they’re preg- infected and sometimes dying. That fact environment? nant. Because Roe v. Wade guarantees is part of why the American College of P R O T E S T: M I C K E Y W E L S H — U S A T O D AY N E T W O R K / R E U T E R S; C H E S T E R : G E T T Y I M A G E S the right to an abortion before viability, Obstetricians and Gynecologists What can consumers do the point at which a fetus can potentially opposes the new restrictive laws. Dozens to help restore the soil? survive outside the womb, these laws are of medical historians have also released Go to farmers’ markets. sure to be challenged as unconstitutional a statement outlining the historical con- And I think composting is the seat-belt, no-smoking, and therefore likely to be put on hold. sequences of such legislation. recycle mission of this But if Roe is overturned, as many suspect If those laws are upheld, we can expect decade. it will be, history tells us a lot about what many of the old methods of enforcement ÑBelinda Luscombe we can expect. to be re-enacted. Unlike the Americans Once that wave of 19th century abor- of the 19th century, we already know tion bans went into effect, police and what that looks like. But we have another Chester, an prosecutors threatened, arrested, interro- thing they didn’t, too: a large, organized advocate for gated, investigated and occasionally pros- movement fighting to keep that from biomimicry ecuted women for the crime of abortion. happening. in agriculture Police and doctors routinely questioned women who miscarried to determine if Reagan is a professor at the University they’d had an abortion. If the patient re- of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, and the fused to answer, the doctor might refuse author of When Abortion Was a Crime 25
A vigil for the slain Saudi journalist was held in Istanbul on Oct. 25 PHOTOGR APH BY CHRIS MCGR ATH
World THE NEW SAUDI WAR ON DISSENT ACTIVISTS CONTINUING THE WORK OF JAMAL KHASHOGGI FACE FRESH THREATS FROM RIYADH BY JOSH MEYER 27
World free speech he championed against the autocratic Saudi Crown Prince Moham- O med bin Salman rages on. The fight is about more than just a group of exiled dissidents standing up against one Middle Eastern tyrant. Some experts in national security view the un- folding battle as part of a larger, defining war of our time: the contest for control of information. “What’s happening in Saudi Arabia today is seen by an increas- ing number of governments around the world as a road map for how the future will look,” says Bill Marczak of Citizen Lab, a cybersecurity and human-rights On April 25, TwO men frOm The investigative project at the University of Norwegian Police Security Service Toronto. knocked on Iyad el-Baghdadi’s door That helps explain why the Saudi in the capital, Oslo. The bearded, threats have drawn the attention of in- bespectacled activist is sometimes ternational authorities. The U.N. offi- confused with his political opposite, cial charged with investigating and re- the ISIS leader of the same name. (His porting extrajudicial executions, Agnès Twitter page announces, nOT ThAT Callamard, has called for urgent action BAghdAdi.) But the men at the door to protect the safety of individuals she were there for a different kind of danger. says are directly threatened by Riyadh. The officers flashed their badges and got “I have sent appeals to two govern- to the point: Baghdadi’s life, they told ments regarding information I had re- him, could be at risk. They urged him to ceived of credible threats against indi- come with them right away. viduals in their jurisdictions,” Callamard Followed by a second team watching tells TIME, “asking them to take all nec- for tails, Baghdadi was driven by the essary steps to protect them and their officers to a safe location with an families.” Callamard says she wants “all OMAR ABDULAZIZ electronically shielded room where the governments” to be on the lookout for The Saudi dissident, who has agents told the longtime democracy similar, unreported threats. In the U.S., asylum in Canada, joined forces with Khashoggi to undermine activist what was going on. In recent House Intelligence Committee chairman Saudi digital surveillance and months, Baghdadi has continued Adam Schiff tells TIME his committee harassment, especially on Twitter. the fight begun by Jamal Khashoggi, is investigating the latest Saudi threats the Saudi journalist and Washington and will “consider what actions the U.S. ‘EVERY SINGLE Post columnist who was killed and should take in response.” PROJECT THAT WE dismembered on Oct. 2 by a hit team The new threats illuminate Khashog- STARTED I’M from Riyadh. Now the CIA had warned gi’s extraordinary legacy. He started his GOING TO KEEP the Norwegians that Baghdadi was in dissident effort hesitantly, a review of WORKING ON.’ danger, he and officials in Norway and text messages and other communica- the U.S. tell TIME. “Saudi Arabia wants tions made available to TIME reveals. to stop my work, even if they need to get By the fall of 2018, when he traveled to physical to do it,” Baghdadi says. the Saudi consulate in Istanbul to make He is not alone. In recent weeks, U.S. arrangements for his upcoming mar- lot of Arab dissidents to just be more ac- intelligence and law-enforcement offi- riage, Khashoggi was discreetly but tive, in general,” said Mohamed Soltan, cials have sent out similar warnings to deeply involved in projects involving an Egyptian-American human-rights ac- Arab activists in Canada and the U.S., a loose network of pro-democracy and tivist and a Khashoggi friend who spent two people who received them and other human-rights activists around the globe, nearly two years in a Cairo prison. “It sources familiar with the matter tell including Baghdadi and others. gave people so much more courage to be TIME. Dissidents based in Europe, the It was in Istanbul that the Saudi more outspoken.” Middle East and North America are ner- death squad lay in wait, but if Khashog- The dissidents’ projects have endeav- vously exchanging warnings about hack- gi’s horrific murder was intended to cow ored to reclaim social media—especially ing attempts—and worse. A troubling other activists, it had the opposite effect. Twitter, the most influential public forum picture has emerged: eight months after “The attention that was given to Jamal’s in the Saudi political universe—as an open Khashoggi’s death, the fight for political case definitely reignited the hope for a space for political dissent. Authoritarians 28 Time May 27, 2019
IYAD EL-BAGHDADI From asylum in Norway, the like the crown prince fight back with elec- family was in danger as well. “It seems Arab Spring activist presses on with projects to undo autocrats’ tronic surveillance and domination of that I am physically safe in Norway but malign influence in both social social media. Experts at detecting spy- that I am vulnerable if I travel, says and traditional media. ware infections in mobile phones report Baghdadi. “My family resides in Malay- “a new wave of suspicious occurrences sia; they are refugees, my parents and ‘JAMAL’S IDEA among Saudi activists that are not easily sister. They said don’t go there. Don’t WAS A WATCHDOG explained other than by the presence of travel outside the E.U. And tell them to TO JAM THE hacking or surveillance,” says Marczak, get out immediately.” NARRATIVES OF who works with Saudi dissidents. Khashoggi, for his part, saw it com- THE SAUDI I M A G E S; A B D U L A Z I Z : F R A N Ç O I S O L L I V I E R — T H E W A S H I N G T O N P O S T/G E T T Y I M A G E S Authorities now worry that MBS, as ing. “The message is clear,” he wrote in REGIME.’ P R E V I O U S PA G E S : G E T T Y I M A G E S; B A G H D A D I : O L E B E R G - R U S T E N — A F P/G E T T Y the crown prince is known, is stepping up one of his final columns on the Saudi ty- his counterattack, despite the U.S. having rant. “No independent voice or counter- publicly judged him as almost certainly opinion will be allowed.” responsible for Khashoggi’s death. A from his condo in a nondescript Virginia similar warning to the one given Baghdadi Few would have guessed, when suburb he had taken a shine to a decade was passed through the Canadian Security Khashoggi arrived in Washington in earlier when he was a spokesperson for Intelligence Service to the Royal Canadian June 2017, that the war would reach the Saudi embassy. Mounted Police regarding the Saudi this point. Khashoggi didn’t fit the Even in exile, Khashoggi remained an dissident Omar Abdulaziz, who worked stereotype of a high-living Saudi establishment figure. He had left Saudi with Khashoggi, three sources familiar expatriate. His only new blazer was from Arabia abruptly, after a critical jab at the with the episode tell TIME. Abdulaziz Men’s Wearhouse (he declined the deep Riyadh government for its embrace of says he has been instructed not to discuss discount for the second one that came Donald Trump cost him his column at his situation, but that he recently began with it). He lugged around a thermos the pan-Arab newspaper Al-Hayat. But taking security precautions. for his strong, home-brewed coffee and he was not in the business of defying Baghdadi says he was warned his waited a year to buy a car. He worked the royal court. He told friends that his 29
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