JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 - Bristol City Council
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JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22
Special Educational Needsi and Disability ii (SEND)
Summary points
• There are just over 11,750 pupils in Bristol schools with Special Educational Needs (SEN),
which is 16.9% of all pupils.
• Hartcliffe and Withywood has the highest rate of school pupils with SEN in Bristol (234.5 per
1,000) and Cotham has the lowest (95.6 per 1,000)
• Approximately 4.1% of Bristol’s child population have a “limiting long-term illness or
disability”, higher than the national average of 3.8%.
Numbers of children and young people with SEN in Bristol schools
As at January 2021, there were 69,412 children on roll in Bristol schools 1.
• 11,758 (16.9%) pupils with special educational needs (SEN)
o 9,541 (13.7%) are receiving SEN support
o 2,217 (3.2%) have an Education, Health and Care Plan (EHCP)
• 582 pupils with an EHCP are female (26.9%) and 1,580 are male (73.1%).
Source: School Census Jan 2021
• 4,736 pupils with SEN support are at a primary school (12.9% of all primary pupils) and
3,378 are at secondary schools (incl. All-throughs) in Bristol (14.4% of secondary pupils).
• 1,126 pupils with an EHCP are attending a special school(99% of all pupils in special
schools), 460 are at secondary school, (incl. All-throughs) which is 2% of all pupils in
secondary school and 534 are at primary schools (1.5% of all pupils at primary). 13
pupils with an EHCP are attending nursery and 31 a pupil referral unit
• The proportion of children with an EHCP in primary schools has increased in the last
year to be greater than the proportion in secondary schools.
1
All Bristol schools including academies and independent schoolsJSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND
Source:
School
Census
Jan
2021
Number of Pupils with SEN by Ward
Local school census data for pupils with SEN shows a wide variation across Bristol, ranging
from a rate of 95.6 pupils with SEN per 1,000 pupils in Cotham to a rate of 234.5 per 1,000
pupils in Hartcliffe and Withywood.
School pupils with Special Educational
Needs (SEN)
Rate per 1,000 pupils
Avonmouth & Henbury &
Lawrence Brentry
Weston
Southmead
Horfield
Westbury
on Trym & Lockleaze Frome
Henleaze Vale
Bishopston
& Ashley
Down
Stoke Eastville
Redland
Hillfields
Ashley
Clifton
Cotham Easton
Down St St George
George Central
96 to 129 Clifton
West
Central St George
130 to 164 Lawrence
Hill
Troopers
Hotwells & Hill
165 to 199 Harbourside
200 to 235 Southville Brislington
Windmill West
Hill Brislington
Bedminster
East
Knowle
Filwood
Bishopsworth
School Census - January
Stockwood
2021 Hengrove &
Whitchurch
Hartcliffe & Park
Withywood
OS da ta © Crown copyright & da tabase
ri ghts 2013 Ordnance Survey 100023406
www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 2JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND
Ethnicity
The proportion of the population who are not ‘White British’ increased from 12% (2001) to 22%
(2011)2. The latest school census data (Jan 2021) details ethnicity amongst SEN support and
EHCPs. Black Caribbean pupils in Bristol are more likely to have an EHCP than other ethnic
groups (5.9%). Travellers of Irish heritage, Black Caribbean and Gypsy Roma pupils are
significantly more likely to receive SEN support in school (22%, 21.9% and 21.8% respectively)
Source: School census Jan 2021
Primary Need of children with SEN3
Using January 2021 school census data the two biggest categories of SEN primary need can be
identified. Amongst school age children in Bristol, these are ‘Speech, Language and
Communication’ and ‘Social, Emotional & Mental Health’ difficulties. For children with an EHCP
the largest category of need is ‘Autistic Spectrum Disorder’ (33% of children with an EHCP).
2 Bristol City Council, The Population of Bristol,
https://www.bristol.gov.uk/documents/20182/33904/Population+of+Bristol+June+2018/53020277-05de-a153-2052-
aa080338bb57
3
Data does not include independent schools
www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 3JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND
EHCP SEN Support Total SEND
Primary Need
Count % Count % Count %
Autistic Spectrum Disorder 711 33% 667 8% 1378 13%
Hearing Impairment 79 4% 134 2% 213 2%
Moderate Learning Difficulty 144 7% 1145 14% 1289 12%
Multi-Sensory Impairment 7 0% 15 0% 22 0%
‘SEN support’ but no specialist assessment of type of need 0 0% 278 3% 278 3%
Other difficulty/disability 59 3% 364 4% 423 4%
Physical Disability 83 4% 204 2% 287 3%
Profound & Multiple Learning Difficulty 87 4% 13 0% 100 1%
Social, Emotional and Mental Health 489 23% 1924 23% 2413 23%
Speech, Language and Communication 261 12% 2359 28% 2620 25%
Severe Learning Difficulty 140 6% 22 0% 162 2%
Specific Learning Difficulty 72 3% 1227 15% 1299 12%
Visual Impairment 32 1% 63 1% 95 1%
Total 2164 100% 8415 100% 10579 100%
Source: School Census Jan 2021
Social care (as of June 2021)4
• 21.7% (142 out of 665) of children in care have an EHCP.
• 18.3% (89 out of 776) of current care leavers have an EHCP.
• 12.8% (153 out of 1195) of children in need have an EHCP
• 6.9% (12 out of 173) of children subject to a child protection plan have an EHCP
Number of disabled children and young people
While many children with a special educational need may also have a disability, a proportion will
have either SEN or a disability.
According to the Census 2011, 3,250
children (under 16) in Bristol have a
“limiting long-term illness or disability” 5.
This is 4.1% of the local child population,
higher than the national average 3.8%. Of
these, 1,300 children (1.7% of Bristol
children) have their daily activities limited a
lot and 2,000 children (2.5%) limited a little.
Across Bristol (Fig 5.6.3b), the Census
data highlights the variation from 2.7% in
North and West (inner) to 4.6% in South
and 4.8% in North and West (outer). CHILDREN WITH LONG-TERM HEALTH PROBLEM OR DISABILITY BY CLINICAL
COMMISSIONING GROUP SUB-LOCALITY. SOURCE: ONS CENSUS 2011.
4
Source: Bristol City Council Local data
5Source: ONS Census 2011 (children under 16). The next update to these data will be in 2021 which is due to be
published in 2022.
www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 4JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND
Education, Health and Care (EHC)
plans iii maintained by Bristol Local
Authority
In January 2021, 3,124 0-25 year olds
had an EHC plan maintained by Bristol
City Council. This is a 16% increase on
the previous year compared to 10%
nationally and 6% for statistical
neighbours (average).
This includes all children and young
people with an EHC Plan from Bristol
City Council regardless of where they
attend school.
Source: SEN2 Jan 2021
Children aged 11 to 15 years old
account for the largest proportion
of children and young people with
EHC plans (34.9% locally and
35.2% nationally) as at January
2021. Between Jan 2020 and Jan
2021 the proportion of EHC plans
for 5-10 year olds in Bristol has
increased from 24.4% to 29.2% but
remains slightly below the national
average (33%). The proportion of
20 – 25 year olds with an EHC
plan in Bristol has reduced from
last year to 8.8% but also remains
above the national average (6.9%)
Source: SEN2 Jan 2021
EHC Needs Assessments iv
• 728 requests for an EHC needs assessment were received in the 2020 calendar year. This
is a 16% increase on the previous year. Nationally the number of requests has decreased in the
last year by 7.7%.
• In 2020, 21.9% 6 of EHC plans were finalised within the statutory 20 week timescale
6
DfE Key performance measure – excludes plans issued after a mediation and/or tribunal and any exception cases
www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 5JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND
Source: SEN2 Jan 2021
• The number of mediations lodged decreased significantly between 2019 and 2020 from 59
to 27.
• The number of tribunal appeals lodged has increased slightly from 38 in 2019 to 44 in 2020.
Source: BCC SEND team
However, whilst there has been an increase in the number of appeals lodged in 2020 compared
to 2019, there has also been a significant rise in the number of requests for needs assessments
and the number of plans maintained by Bristol City Council. This increase results in a rise in the
number of opportunities for tribunals to be lodged. When the number of appeals is considered
against the number of appealable decisions the rate of appeal 7 has decreased from 1.6% in
2019 to 1.4% in 2020.
7
The Department for Education (DfE) calculates appealable decisions using the SEN2 data. The Total Appealable Decisions figure is
calculated as the sum of the following: Number of initial requests for Education, Health and Care (EHC) assessments refused, Number of
assessments completed and a decision made not to issue an EHC plan, Number with an EHC plan as at January each year, Number of EHC
plans ceased because the special educational needs of the child or young person are being met without an EHC plan
www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 6JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND
Source: DfE
Tribunal statistics
Education
In 2019 (this is the latest available data due to Covid-19 causing exams to be cancelled):
• 30% of children receiving SEN support achieved a good level of development at Early Years
Foundation Stage, compared to the England average of 29%.
• 4% of children with an EHCP achieved a good level of development at Early Years
Foundation Stage, compared to the England average of 5%.
• 26% of pupils receiving SEN support achieved the expected standard in reading, writing and
maths combined in Key Stage 2 (KS2), just above the England average of 25%.
• 6% of children with EHCPs achieved the expected standard in reading, writing and maths
combined in KS2, compared to 9% for England.
• The average attainment 8 score for pupils with SEN support was 33.0 (32.6 nationally).
• The average score was 11.1 for pupils with an EHCP at Attainment 8, below the England
average of 13.7.
• 11% of 19 year olds with an EHCP are qualified to Level 2, including English and maths and
10% are qualified to Level 3.
• The rate of fixed term exclusions for children with an EHCP was 23.6 (16.1 nationally). For
pupils with SEN support, the Bristol fixed term exclusion rate was 21.6 (15.6 nationally).
• In 2018/19, absence rates for children and young people with an EHCP in Bristol was
12.8%, compared to the England average of 8.7%.
• Absence rates for children and young people at SEN Support level in Bristol was 7.1%,
compared to the England average of 6.5%.
• 87% of KS4 pupils with an EHCP remained in education and employment (90% nationally).
• 89% of KS4 pupils with SEN support remained in education and employment, in line with the
national average
Further data / links
• Bristol’s SEND Local Offer – www.Bristol.gov.uk/web/bristol-local-offer
• Special educational needs in England: January 2021 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
• Education, health and care plans: England 2021 - GOV.UK (www.gov.uk)
• Summary of Education, Health and Care Plans — Open Data Bristol
www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 7JSNA Health and Wellbeing Profile 2021/22 Theme: SEND Covid-19 impact: It should be noted this chapter covers the global pandemic period. In this time there was significant disruption to the education system including periods of absence from school for all children and young people. Requests for education, health and care needs assessments have risen significantly throughout this time. This is likely related to the impact of Covid-19 on pupils and their families and the interruption to schooling. Work is ongoing to further understand the impact of Covid-19 in this area. Date updated: July 2021 Endnotes: Definitions i Special educational needs (SEN)i A child or young person has special educational needs (SEN) if he or she has a learning difficulty or disability which calls for special educational provision to be made for him or her. A child or young person is considered to have a learning difficulty if he or she has a significantly greater difficulty in learning than the majority of others of the same age. A child or young person has a learning disability if they have a disability which prevents or hinders them from making use of facilities of a kind generally provided for others of the same age in mainstream schools or mainstream post-16 institutions. Disability ii A person has a disability if she or he has a physical or mental impairment that has a substantial, long term adverse effect on his or her ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. Statutory guidance and the SEND Code of Practice provide additional information to help with the interpretation and application of these definitions. The statutory definitions of special educational needs (SEN) and disability which are described above are found in Section 20 of the Children and Families Act 2014 and section 6 of the Equality Act 2010. Education health and care plan (EHCP) iii An EHC plan is a legal document that describes a child or young person's special educational, health and social care needs. It explains the extra help that will be given to meet those needs and how that help will support the child or young person to achieve what they want to in their life. iv Education, health and care needs assessment (EHCNA) The majority of children and young people with SEN or disabilities will have their needs met within local mainstream early years settings, schools or colleges. Some children and young people may require an EHC needs assessment in order for the local authority to decide whether it is necessary for it to make provision in accordance with an EHC plan. The assessment seeks to establish and record the views, interests and aspirations of the parents and child or young person to provide a full description of the child or young person’s special educational needs, and any health and social care needs. It establishes outcomes across education, health and social care based on the child or young person’s identified needs and aspirations. It specifies the provision required and how education, health and care services will work together to meet the child or young person’s needs and support the achievement of the agreed outcomes. www.bristol.gov.uk/jsna Page | 8
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