Introduction to Cloud Computing - Nabil Abdennadher 2017/2018 - Cyberlearn
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Introduction to
Cloud Computing
Nabil Abdennadher
nabil.abdennadher@hesge.ch
2017/2018
•1
Plan • Context • Definition • Market • Cloud service models • Cloud deployments models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud •2
Context
•On-premise IT
•Cloud computing
•3
Context
• Cloud is treated as an Operating Expense
(OPEX), not a Capital Expense (CAPEX)
• What is OPEX ?
• What is CAPEX ?
• What is Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) ?
•4
Context
• Capital Expenses (CAPEX)
• Expenditures creating future benefits.
• Incurred when a business spends money either to
• buy fixed assets
• add to the value of an existing fixed asset
• Asset life extends beyond the taxable year
• Examples
• acquiring fixed, and in some cases, intangible assets
• repairing an existing asset so as to improve its useful life
• upgrading an existing asset if its results in a superior
fixture
• starting or acquiring a new business
•5
Context
• Operational Expenses (OPEX)
• Ongoing cost for running a product, business, or system
• Day-to-day expense
• Examples
• License fees and / or rental fees
• Maintenance and repairs
• Attorney and legal fees
• Utilities, such as telephone, subscriptions, etc.
• Insurance
• Travel and vehicle expenses
•6
Context
• ICT related CAPEX
• Computer hardware and programs
• Network hardware and software
• Installation and integration of hardware and software
• Maintenance, warranties and support licenses
•7
Context
• ICT related OPEX
• Rented space (hosting, data center)
• Electricity (for related equipment, cooling, backup power)
• Testing costs, downtime, outage and failure expenses
• Backup and recovery process
• Technology training
• Audit
•8
Context
• What is my ICT consumption
model ?
•9
Context •10
Concept of busy hours
• Typical weekly traffic to Amazon's e-commerce
web site in 2007
•11Concept of busy hours
• Traffic in the month of November 2007
•12Context •13
Plan • Context • Definition • Market • Cloud service models • Cloud deployment models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud •14
Definition
• There are several existing definitions of the term
cloud computing from different points of view:
• Analyst firms
• Academics
• Industry
• IT companies
•15Definitions by analyst firms
• A style of computing in which massively scalable IT-
related capabilities are provided “as a service” using
internet technologies to multiple external customers
(Gartner 2008)
• An emerging IT development, deployment and delivery
model, enabling real-time delivery of products, services
and solutions over the internet (IDC 2008)
• “the idea of delivering personal and business productivity
applications from centralized servers (Merrill Lynch
2008)
•16Definitions by analyst firms
• These definitions have a common characteristics:
• They define CC from the perspective of the end users
• They focus on how it might be experienced by end users
• The core feature of CC is the provision of IT infrastructure
and applications as a service in scalable way
•17“National Institute of
Standards and Technology”
(NIST) definition
• On demand self service.
• A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities ....
• Broad network access
• Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through
standard mechanisms …
• Resource pooling.
• The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple
consumers …
• Rapid elasticity
• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and released …
• Metering capability
• Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a metering capability …
http://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/SP/nistspecialpublication8
•18
00-145.pdfIs cloud computing a
technology?
• No … It’s a combination of pre-existing
technologies
• These technologies have matured at different rates,
and were not designed as a coherent whole
• They have come together to create a technical
ecosystem for the cloud computing
• These technologies are:
• Cloud access devices (advances in processors)
• Browsers and thin clients
• Broadband internet connection
• Fast inexpensive servers
• Virtualisation technology
•19
• APICloud access devices
• The range of access devices for the cloud has
expanded
• Home PCs, enterprise PCs, mobile phones
devices, etc. are on line
• Example:
• Growth of the iOS & Android and the proliferation of
applications available on App store and Google
market
•20Browsers and thin clients
• Users can now access applications from wherever
they can load browser
• Even enterprise (SAP, Oracle, etc.) applications use
browser interface
• The use of browsers has democratized
• Intuitive context
• No need of training (unlike “fat” client programs)
•21High-speed broadband
access
• One of the most important ingredients of cloud
computing
• It enabled mobile devices (entry points) to
access to the cloud resources
• It’s one of the most substantial differences from
“old” utility computing concept (35 years ago)
•22Data centres and server
farms
• Cloud services require large computing capacity
• These resources are usually geographically
distributed
• Example
• Google
• Amazon (EC2)
• Saleforce.com
•23Virtualization
• Virtualization is one of the cornerstones of cloud
computing
• IaaS providers use OS and storage virtualization
to enable customers run instances of various OS
in a cloud.
• In addition to OS and storage virtualisation, SaaS
and PaaS providers implement software and
database virtualization
•24API
• Used to invoke services supported by the cloud
• “X”-aaS developers need to become familiar with
specific API to deploy and manage software
modules to the “X”-aaS platform
• Problem: there are as many API as Cloud
Service Providers (CSP).
• Challenge: Standardization
• Universal Cloud Interface (UCI)
• Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI)
• Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface (CIMI)
• …
•25To summarize … from a non
technical perspective
• Cloud computing is not the savior of IT.
• It is nothing but a way to deploy your enterprise
architecture in a way that has the potential to be
more productive and cost effective.
• In essence, it is a tool, not a way of life. It is not
magic, it is not even new, but if approached
correctly, it could be a path towards efficiency.
Cloud Computing and SOA
Convergence in Your Enterprise
•26
2009To summarize … from a
technical perspective
• CC is based on pay-per-use business models
• Main features of CC are based on virtualization
and dynamic scalability on demand
• Cloud services are consumed either via web
browser or defined API
• CC is Elastic and massively scalable
• Self-provisioning of resources
•27Plan • Context • Definition • Market • Cloud service models • Cloud deployment models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud • Examples •28
Cloud related-market forecast
• Dearth of information about just how big the cloud business is
• Until 2014, AWS revenue is lumped in with a number of
other peripheral Amazon business units in the “other”
category
• …until April 2015. Amazon, in its first-quarter results,
announced for the first time AWS figures:
• $1.57 billion revenue
• revenue increased 49% from a year earlier
•http://www.forbes.com/sites/benkepes/2014/07/29/just-how-big-is-
amazons-cloud-business/#296580ef55e5
•29Gartner Magic Quadrant for IaaS
30Cloud Computing Market
31Cloud Computing Market
32Swiss perspective •33
Plan • Context • Definition (attempt to define) • Market • Cloud service models • Cloud deployments models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud •34
Cloud Services Models
Cloud Computing Service Models - User Mapping
•Google apps, Salesforce, etc.
Google App Engine (GAE),
Force.com.
•Amazon, Azure, hepiaCloud.
35
Source: www.appectual.comSoftware-as-a-Service (SaaS)
• Traditional methods of purchasing software
• capital expenditure (capex)
• Isolated, single tenant model
• SaaS
• operating expenditure (opex)
• Multitenant architecture model
• Benefits of SaaS
• Outsource hosting and management of applications to
a third party
• Limit copying and distribution, guarantee an ongoing
revenue stream without preloading software
•
•36 User level (end users)Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• PaaS : the development environment is hosted in
the cloud and accessed through a browser
• PaaS is a variation of SaaS
• development environment is offered as a service
• Deployment is done without any specialized system
administration skills
• Example
• Develop web applications using desktop development
tools, such as Eclipse
•37Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
• To build web applications, developers need
specialized skills
• Backend server development (ex: Java/J2EE)
• Frontend client development (ex: javascript, etc.)
• Website administration
• PaaS allow general developers to setup web
applications without any specialized expertise
• Google App. Engine is a good example
• PaaS offers to democratize the development of
web applications.
• Developers level
•38Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
• The service provider rents to its clients
• Machines (CPU)
• Disks
• network connections
• ... using virtualization technology.
• On a virtual machine the user accesses a
• standard operating system environment and is able to
install and configure all the layers on top of it.
• Examples : Amazon Web Service Elastic, Compute
Cloud (EC2), Microsoft Azure, Google Compute
Engine
•
•39
IT levelGovernance in the cloud •40
•41
Plan • Context • Definition (attempt to define) • Market • Cloud service models • Cloud deployment models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud •42
Public cloud computing
• A public cloud computing is hosted, operated
and managed by a third-party vendor
• The service is offered to multiple customers over
a common infrastructure
•Cloud Security and Privacy,
•Tim Mather et al, 2008
•43Private Cloud Computing
• Emulates cloud computing on private networks
• Based on “products” which automate virtualization
• Does not take advantage of the “pay-per-use”
basis
•44Hybrid Cloud Computing
• Execute core applications and sensitive data on
private clouds
• Non-core applications are deployed on public
cloud
•Cloud Security and Privacy,
•Tim Mather et al, 2008
•45Plan • Context • Definition • Market • Cloud service models • Cloud deployment models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud •46
Key drivers to adopting
the Cloud
• Small initial investments and low ongoing costs
• Economies of scale
• Open standards
• Sustainability
https://www.getfilecloud.com/blog/2014/09/exploring-the-key-drivers-
behind-enterprise-cloud-adoption/#.V9qb-pN961t
•47Small initial investments
and low ongoing costs
• When setting up a new
business, building an IT
department is a low priority
compared to R&D, marketing,
securing the next round of
funding
• No hardware, software,
network devices have to be
purchased
•48Open standards
• Most of the CC are based on open standards
• Open standards are essential to allow for
continued growth in the cloud, they are the
foundation of the cloud
• Examples: GNU/Linux, ssh, http, etc.
• BUT … so far, there are no adopted standards
regarding Cloud API (“access” to cloud
resources)
•49Sustainability
• Traditionally, companies periodically invest in
order to keep their IT services up-to-date. The
objective is to:
• avoid failure
• keep pace with business changes
• With Cloud computing, companies rely on their
Cloud Service Providers to minimise failures
•50Plan • Context • Market • Definition • Cloud service models • Cloud deployments models • Key drivers to adopting the Cloud • Barriers to Cloud •51
Barriers to Cloud (technical
challenges)
• Security
• Privacy
• New cloud services are introduced in rapid pace
• Tools are continuously evolving
• Moving large data is expensive
• Quality of Service
• Internet dependence
•http://www.business2community.com/cloud-computing/moving-cloud-top-
5-barriers-cloud-adoption-break-0987489#ez7M2Fzr6B5EUWST.97
•52Barriers to Cloud (non technical
challenges)
• Not Invented Here (NIH) syndrom
• Vendor lock-in
• Security-risks
• Service Level Agreements
• Legal
• Political
•53To conclude …
• Cloud computing is for the information age what
electrification is for industrial age
• “ … in the end, the saving offered by utilities
become too compelling to resist, even for the
largest enterprises …”
•The big switch, W.W. Norton et al, 2008
•54You can also read
