HIGHER AIRSPACE OPERATIONS (HAO) OVERVIEW - ANACNA Congress Fiumicino 5 April 2022
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ANACNA Congress
Fiumicino 5 April 2022
HIGHER AIRSPACE OPERATIONS (HAO)
OVERVIEW
Giovanni Di Antonio
ENAC| Head of Aerospace Technologies and Operations
R&D New Technologies and Aerospace Department
Summary • Higher Airspace Operations
• Regulatory Structure
• Higher Airspace Concept
• Contingencies
• Civil Military cooperation
• Higher Airspace Vision
The content of this presentation does not necessarily reflect the view of EASA HAO Task Force,
ECHO Project, or that of their Members
2
Higher Airspace
Operations (HAO)
3
What is the Higher Airspace
• No legal delimitation between
airspace and outer space
(neither expected in the near future!)
• To distinguish between legal delimitation
and altitude/volumes up to which
services are provided
• Higher Airspace (HA) - The airspace
above general air traffic aircraft
operations, and excluding outer space
Note: Dotted lines indicate that there is no agreed defined level at which the next phase of airspace / space begins.
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
4
What is the Higher Airspace
• No legal delimitation between
airspace and outer space
(neither expected in the near future!)
• To distinguish between legal delimitation
and altitude/volumes up to which
services are provided
• Higher Airspace (HA) - The airspace
above general air traffic operations, and
excluding outer space
Note: Dotted lines indicate that there is no agreed defined level at which the next phase of airspace / space begins.
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
5
Higher Airspace Operations (HAO)
Large variety of vehicles
and operations
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
6
Supersonic / Hypersonic Flights
A-A / A-B Suborbital Flights
HAPS
Vertical and Aero-Launching into orbit (*)
Re-Entry from orbit (*)
(*) In the scope because vehicles have to transit through, interface/interfere with the HA
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
7
European Initiatives on HAO
HAO High-level principles
to guide future work
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
8
European HAO High Level Principles 1/2
• Holistic European approach based on civil-military collaboration for HAO
integration with controlled airspace avoiding fragmentation
• Integration shall not disproportionately affect the performance of existing
ATM network
• Innovative, collaborative and harmonized framework based on high levels
of digitalization and automation
• Pragmatic and timely implementation matching user needs, capabilities
and volume of future ops
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
9
European HAO High Level Principles 2/2
• Fair, equitable and cost-effective access to the HA for all users
• States sovereignty (which in itself is not a barrier) taken in due
consideration
• Environmental sustainability
• Risk- and performance-based approach to innovation and regulation
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
10EC/DG-MOVE mandate (2019)
ECHO Project
European CONOPS
HAO Task Force
Preparatory work for European
Regulatory Framework
11Regulatory
Structure
12• Scope, Principles and Assumptions
HAO I
• Categorization, Regulatory Structure, and
Regulatory II Gap Analysis
Roadmap
• Regulatory Sandboxes
III
• Rulemaking
IV
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
EU HAO Regulation Pack
13HAO Regulatory Structure
Access and use of
HA incl. ANS
Preliminary High
Vehicle and Ops
Level Regulatory
Categories (VOC)
Structure
Common
Regulatory Areas
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
14HAO Regulatory Structure
Access and use of
HA incl. ANS
Preliminary High
Vehicle and Ops
Level Regulatory
Categories (VOC)
Structure
Common
Regulatory Areas
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
15HAO Regulatory Structure
Access and use of
HA incl. ANS
Preliminary High
Vehicle and Ops
Level Regulatory
Categories (VOC)
Structure
Common
Regulatory Areas
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
16Breakdown Categorization Scheme (example)
A-A Suborbital
Operations
Scope Occupants Vehicle System
Crew onboard No Crew onboard
Non Commercial Commercial State HTOL VTOVL
(manned) (unmanned)
Remotely Piloted
Occupants No Occupants
Experimental (Ground Autonomous Multi-Stage Multi-Stage
other than crew other than crew
controlled)
R&D Pax Occupants No occupnats Single-Stage Single-Stage
Specialized
Participants Pax
Operations (SPO)
Participants
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
17Breakdown Categorization Scheme (example)
A-A Suborbital
Operations
Scope Occupants Vehicle System
Crew onboard No Crew onboard
Non Commercial Commercial State HTOL VTOVL
(manned) (unmanned)
Remotely Piloted
Occupants No Occupants
Experimental (Ground Autonomous Multi-Stage Multi-Stage
other than crew other than crew
controlled)
R&D Pax Occupants No occupnats Single-Stage Single-Stage
Specialized
Participants Pax
Operations (SPO)
Participants
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
18Breakdown Categorization Scheme (example)
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
19Regulatory Challenges
• Different types of vehicles/operations and missions
• Different domains: e.g. airpace/space, civil/military,
ATM/STM …
• Different legal regimes: air law/space law
• Different potential responsibilities: MS/EU
• Different approaches to mitigate risks to achieve an
adequate LoS (tbd)
• Aiming to allow safe ops in Europe in short-medium term
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
20Enhanced Regulation
Principles for regulating emerging technologies
[Source: LinkedIN, adapted]
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
21HAO Regulatory Framework Pillars
Total system approach
encompassing all dimensions of aviation
safety and security: airworthiness,
operations, personnel, aerodromes,
ATM/ANS, security, environment, etc.
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
22HAO Regulatory Framework Pillars
Proportionate,
modular and scalable
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
23HAO Regulatory Framework Pillars
Risk- & Performance-Based
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
24HAO Regulatory Framework Pillars
Collaborative
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
25HAO Regulatory Framework Pillars
Adaptative
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
26HAO Regulatory Framework Pillars
Making use of
Regulatory Sandboxes
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
27Regulatory Sandbox
• Regulation is under development
• Need to operate in short-medium term
• Safe/secure controlled environment
• Minimum impact on existing system
Grottaglie Spaceport
• Validation of requirements and
approaches in real conditions
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
28Higher Airspace
Concept
29Higher Airspace concept(s) Pre-defined fixed
volumes?
Different volumes for
different ops cat?
Up to max altitude
HA
U-space airspace – Designated zone(s)
where UAS operations are only allowed to reached ?
take place with the support of U-space
services [Reg. UE 2021/664]
FUA ?
U-space service – Service relying on
digitalization and automation of functions
to support safe, secure and efficient access
to U-space airspace for large number of UAS U-space like?
[Reg. UE 2021/664]
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
30Higher Airspace Structure(s)
Single Higher Airspace Block
(HAB) with H-space services?
UIRs
FABs ?
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022 NM = Network Manager «HAB» ? 31Higher Airspace Elements
What we need ? • Airspace Design: corridors, new class of airspace,
lower / upper boundaries (?)
• Services: ANS (ATS, CNS, AIS, MET), SWE, T&S
• Service Providers
H? • Procedures: nominal/off-nominal/contingency
• Infrastructure: [co-located] spaceports, T&S,
space-based
• Coordination: ATM/HATM/STM, Civil-Military
• Separation standards: Vehicle-Vehicle,
Cooperative / Non-Cooperative environment
• Collision avoidance: Vehicle-AHA (debris)
• New Rules of the Air
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
32HA Interfaces STM
HATM
ATM
33HA Interfaces STM
HATM
ATM
34HATM/STM interface
• EU Parliament and Council Joint
Communication on STM (15/2/22)
• STM – Means and rules to access, conduct
activities in, and return from outer space
safely, sustainably and securely
• Urgency to regulate [2023-2024]: Essential
requirements for STM taking into account
A-B suborbital existing ATM regulation
Launching into orbit
Re-entry • Need to coordinate with aviation and HAO
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
35Contingency
Management
36Contingency Management
• Airspace segregation today used:
Ensure public safety
large volumes / time windows to protect
other airspace users from potential off-
Improve situational
nominal events awareness, airspace
management decision
• Inefficiencies: reroutes, delays, longer making
flight times, additional fuel burn leading Reduce delays, route
to increases in operating costs (in the deviations, fuel burn,
order of $10k per flight) emissions
• Needs: receives, elaborates and
distributes launch and re-entry data
Space Integration Capabilities (SIC)
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
37Contingency Management
Initial AHAs identification
Airspace volumes that potentially contains falling hazardous debris from vehicle
Real time propagation of AHA following a mishap
Based on vehicle’s pre-defined breakage model + debris catalogue + last state vector transmitted
Information automatically sent to ATC
To clear / warn other traffic in a short time
Quick release airspace back
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
38Contingency Management
FL660
Temporary Reserved Pre-defined
Area Contingency Area
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
39Contingency Management FL660
Contingency Management FL660
Contingency Management
FL660
Redefined Air Hazard AreaContingency Management
FL660
Redefined Air Hazard AreaCivil-Military
cooperation
44Civil-Military cooperation
Threats
Needs Means
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
45Civil-Military cooperation • High altitude non-
cooperative vehicles above
air-defence
• HAPS over high seas may
carry out surveillance
Threats beyond 500 km
• Hypesonic vehicles not
easly identified or monitored
Needs Means
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
46Civil-Military cooperation
• Effective and safe access to Threats
HA for State/Military ops also
by dual-use infrastructure
• Comprehensive Recognised
Air Picture
• To classify “new entries”
target well in advance to
react as required
• Cybersecurity
Needs Means
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
47Civil-Military cooperation
Threats
• Civil / military
information and data
sharing in particular
related to surveillance
• Coordination
procedures
Needs Means • Security and defense
assessment before
authorizing
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
48Civil-Military cooperation
«No matter what is flying provided it is cooperative»
• High altitude non-cooperative
vehicles above air-defence
Threats • HAPS over high seas may carry
out surveillance beyond 500 km
• Effective and safe access to HA • Hypesonic vehicles not easly
for State/Military ops also by identified or monitored
dual-use infrastructure
• Comprehensive Recognised Air
Picture
• To classify “new entries” target • Civil / military information
well in advance to react as and data sharing in
required particular related to
• Cyber security surveillance
Needs Means • Coordination procedures
• Security and defense
assessment before
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022 authorizing
49Higher Airspace
Vision
50HA Vision
Long Term
< 2035 +
Integration
Short Term < 2025
Accomodation
Medium Term < 2030
Convergence
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022Expectations…
To enable the creation of a
single/uniform airspace management
above FL 660 in the EU airspace
avoiding fragmentation and relying on
innovative concepts and technologies
Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
52Brussels, 20-21 April 2022 Giovanni Di Antonio 2022
Thank you for attention
g.diantonio@enac.gov.it
The content of this presentation does not necessarily reflect the view of EASA HAO Task Force,
ECHO Project, or that of their MembersYou can also read
