GLI ACCELERATORI DEL FUTURO: EUPRAXIA - LNF SUMMER SCHOOL - 19 GIUGNO 2020 - INFN-LNF EDUCATIONAL
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Gli acceleratori del futuro:
EuPRAXIA
Massimo.Ferrario@lnf.infn.it
LNF Summer School - 19 Giugno 2020
Cosmic Accelerators
Courtesy R. Assmann
LHC few data
Conventional RF accelerating structures
X-band RF structures – State of the Art
Max accelera4ng field: τrf-1/6
Stored energy: f -3
A limit on the acceptable Break-Down Rate
has been set at < 3 10-7 per pulse
• Kilpatrick, W. D., Rev. Sci. Inst. 28, 824 (1957).
• A. Grudiev et al, PRST-AB 12, 102001 (2009)
• S. V. Dolgashev, et al. Appl. Phys. Lett. 97, 171501 2010.
• M. D. Forno, et al. PRAB. 19, 011301 (2016).
Courtesy R. Assmann
Principle of plasma acceleration
no = 1016 cm −3 ⇒ λ p = 300 µ m noe2
←%%%%%%%%
→ ωp =
εo me
Laser Wakefield Accelerator
(LWFA):
Drive beam = laser beam
Plasma WakeField
Accelerator (PWFA):
Drive beam = high energy
electron or proton beam
Break-Down Limit?
⇒ Wave-Breaking field:
Ewb ≈ 100 [GeV / m ] no #$cm −3 %&Plasma Wake-Acceleration
Horizon2020Plasma Wake-Acceleration
Horizon2020Plasma Wake-Acceleration
Horizon2020Plasma Wake-Acceleration
Horizon2020Diffraction - Self injection - Dephasing – Depletion
Worldwide effort towards high quality plasma beams Horizon 2020
University of
Associated Partners Strathclyde UK
(as of December 2017)
STFC
UK
1 Shanghai Jiao Tong-University, China DESY
2 Tsinghua University Beijing, China
University of Germany
Manchester UK
3 ELI Beamlines, Interna4onal Universität
University of Hamburg Germany
4 PHLAM, Université de Lille, France Liverpool UK
5 Helmholtz-InsUtut Jena, Germany Imperial College
6 HZDR (Helmholtz), Germany London UK 5
13 20
10 7
23 9 16 21
7 LMU München, Germany University of 1 14
15 4 5 18 24
Oxford UK 8
4 6 17
8 Wigner Fizikai Kutatóközpont, Hungary 9 7 3 8
2
14 6 12 3
9 CERN, Interna4onal 22 11
15
13 INFN 2 10
16
10 Kansai Photon Science InsUtute, Japan Italy 11 12
1
19
11 Osaka University, Japan CNRS CNR
France Italy
12 RIKEN SPring-8, Japan
13 Lunds Universitet, Sweden
SOLEIL ENEA
France IST-ID Italy
14 Stony Brook University & Brookhaven NL, USA Portugal
CEA Università di Roma I and II
15 LBNL, USA France "La Sapienza" Italy
16 UCLA, USA
17 Karlsruher InsUtut für Technologie, Germany
18 Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
19 Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
3
20 InsUtute of Applied Physics, Russia
21 Joint InsUtute for High Temperatures, Russia
22 Università di Roma ‘Tor Vergata’, Italy
23 Queen’s University Belfast, UK
24 Ferdinand-Braun-InsUtut, Germany
19EUROPEAN
PLASMA RESEARCH
ACCELERATOR WITH
EXCELLENCE IN
APPLICATIONS
EuPRAXIA Design Study started on Novemebr 2015
Approved as HORIZON 2020 INFRADEV, 4 years, 3 M€
Coordinator: Ralph Assmann (DESY)
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020
research and innova4on programme under grant agreement No 653782.
hep://eupraxia-project.euMotivations Horizon2020
PRESENT EXPERIMENTS
Demonstra4ng EuPRAXIA INFRASTRUCTURE
100 GV/m rou4nely
Demonstra4ng GeV Engineering a high PRODUCTION FACILITIES
electron beams quality, compact
plasma accelerator Plasma-based linear
Demonstra4ng basic collider in 2040’s
quality 5 GeV electron beam
for the 2020’s Plasma-based FEL in
DemonstraUng user 2030’s
readiness Medical, industrial
Pilot users from FEL, applica4ons soon
HEP, medicine, ...
Courtesy R. AssmannEuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB
EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB
EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB
Undulators
1 GeV LINAC
Plasma module
RF power modules
FEL user area @3nm
Secondary
Sources
Beam user areas
0.5 PW Laser
http://www.lnf.infn.it/sis/preprint/pdf/getfile.php?filename=INFN-18-03-LNF.pdf• D. Alesini, M. P. Anania, R. Bedogni, M. Bellaveglia, A. Biagioni, F. Bisesto, E. Brentegani, B. Buonomo,
P.L. Campana, G. Campogiani, S. Cantarella, F. Cardelli, M. Castellano, E. Chiadroni, R. Cimino, R.
Clemen4, M. Croia, A. Curcio, G. Costa, S. Dabagov, M. Diomede, A. Drago, D. Di Giovenale, G. Di
Pirro, A. Esposito, M. Ferrario, F. Filippi, O. Frasciello, A. Gallo, A. Ghigo, A. Giribono, S. Guiducci,
S. Incremona, F. Iungo, V. Lollo, A. Marcelli, A. Marocchino, V. Mar4nelli, A. Micheloj, C. Milardi, L.
Pellegrino, L. Piersan4, S. Pioli, R. Pompili, R. Ricci, S. Romeo, U. Rotundo, L. Sabba4ni, O. Sans
Plannell, J. Scifo, B. Spataro, A. Stecchi, A. Stella, V. Shpakov, C. Vaccarezza, A. Vannozzi, A. Variola, F.
Villa, M. Zobov.
• INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di FrascaU
• A. Bacci, F. Broggi, C. Curatolo, I. Debrot, A. R. Rossi, L. Serafini. INFN - Sezione di Milano
• D. Cirrincione, A.Vacchi. INFN - Sezione di Trieste
• G. A. P. Cirrone, G. Culone, V. Scudieri. INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud
• M. Ar4oli, M.Carpanese, F.Ciocci, D.Daloli, S.Licciardi, F.Nguyen, S. Pagnuj, A.Petralia, E. Sabia. ENEA –
FrascaU and Bologna
• L. Gizzi, L. Labate. CNR - INO, Pisa
• R. Corsini, A. Grudiev, N. Catalan Lasheras, A. La4na, D. Schulte, W. Wuensch. CERN, Geneva
• C. Andreani, A. Cianchi, G. Festa,V. Minicozzi, S. Morante, R. Senesi, F. Stellato. Universita’ degli Studi di
Roma Tor Vergata and Sezione INFN
• V. Petrillo, M. Rossej. Universita’ degli Studi di Milano and Sezione INFN
• G. Castorina, L. Ficcaden4, S. Lupi, M. Marongiu, F. Mira, A. Mostacci. Universita’ degli Studi di Roma
Sapienza and Sezione INFN
• S. Bartocci, C. Cannaos, M. Faiferri, R. Manca, M. Marini, C. Mas4no, D. Polese, F. Pusceddu, E. Turco.
Università degli Studi di Sassari, Dip. di Architeeura, Design e UrbanisUca ad Alghero
• M. Coreno, G. D’Auria, S. Di Mitri, L. Giannessi, C. Masciovecchio. ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste
• A. Ricci. RICMASS, Rome InternaUonal Center for Materials Science Superstripes
• A. Zigler. Hebrew University of Jerusalem J. B. Rosenzweig. University of California Los Aangeles! Candidate LNF to host EuPRAXIA (1-5 GeV)
• FEL user facility (1 GeV – 3nm)
• Advanced Accelerator Test facility (LC) + CERN
6m 24 m
55 m 40 m
31 m
12 m
32 m 52 m
132 m
• 500 MeV by RF Linac + 500 MeV by Plasma (LWFA or PWFA)
• 1 GeV by X-band RF Linac only
• Final goal compact 5 GeV accelerator• Preliminary Machine Layout
SPARC_LAB HB photo- injector 55 m
Electron source and acceleration
X-band Linac 55 m
Plasma WakeField Accelera4on
w D
Capillary discharge at SPARC_LAB
55 mUndulators
KYMA Δ udulator at SPARC_LAB: λ=1.4 cm, K1
40 mLong undulators chain
A Free Electron Laser is a device that converts a fraction of
the electron kinetic energy into coherent radiation via a
collective instability in a long undulator
λu & K 2 2 2
)
λ rad ≈ 2 (1 + +γ ϑ +
2γ ' 2 *
(Tunability - Harmonics)
€Beam separation
Photon beam line
40 mExperimental hall (Single Protein Imaging)
http://lcls.slac.stanford.edu/AnimationViewLCLS.aspxCoulomb Explosion of Lysozyme (50 fs)
Single Molecule Imaging with Intense X-rays
Atomic and
molecular
dynamics occur
at the fsec-scale
J. Hajdu, Uppsala U.Water Window Coherent Imaging
Energy region between Oxygen and
Carbon K-edge 2.34 nm – 4.4 nm
(530 eV -280 eV)
Water is almost transparent to radia4on
in this range while nitrogen and carbon are
absorbing (and scalering)
3 nm 2 nm
Coherent Imaging of biological samples
protein clusters, VIRUSES and cells
living in their naUve state
Possibility to study dynamics
~10 11 photons/pulse needed
Courtesy F. Stellato, UniToVThe average diameter of the virus par4cles is around 120 nm. The diameter of the envelope is ~80 nm and the spikes are ~20 nm long.
Light Source research on SARS-
CoV-2
https://lightsources.org/2020/04/03/lightsource-research-and-sars-cov-2/
https://www.diamond.ac.uk/covid-19.htmlThe crystal structure of COVID-19
main protease in complex with an
inhibitor N3
Electron density at the active site of the SARS-CoV-2 protease, revealing a fragment bound
https://lightsources.org/2020/03/14/lightsource-research-and-sars-cov-2/Cell Membrane Proteins Imaged in 3-D
Using lanthanide-binding tags is possible to image proteins at the level of a cell
membrane, opening new doors for studies on health and medicine
Ultrabright x-rays revealed the concentration of erbium and zinc in a single E.coli
cell expressing a lanthanide-binding tag and incubated with erbium.SPARC_LAB is the test and training facility at LNF for Advanced Accelerator Developments (since 2005)
PWFA vacuum chamber at SPARC_LAB
External Injection
w D
# q&
ΔTw = % R − ( ΔTD
$ Q'
R≅2Foto A. Biagioni
hlp://w3.lnf.infn.it/primi-elelroni-accelera4-con-plasma-a-sparc_lab/
Grazie per l’attenzione
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