Expert Group Meeting - ESCAP
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Expert Group Meeting
on
Strengthening the capacity of ESCAP member States
to
Harmonize Standards on Weights, Dimensions and
Emissions of Road Vehicles for facilitation of
Transport along the Asian Highway Network
at
Tbilisi, Georgia 23-24 January 2019
By
Paresh Kumar Goel, Director (Transport)
Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, New Delhi, India
Contact: +919560022730, E-mail: paresh.goel89@gov.inSequence of Presentation • Requirement of Harmonisation of Standards • Indian Automotive Industry • Regulatory Structure • Motor Vehicle Categories • Emission standards • Alternate Fuels • Permissible Axle Load • Permissible Vehicle Dimensions • Conclusion
Harmonisation of standards
• 32 member countries greatly differ in economic levels and
environmental conditions
• Different National Standards in design and construction of Road
Infrastructure
• Different Standards in Vehicle permissible weight, dimensions and
emissions
• Overload/oversized foreign vehicles can cause serious damage to
transport infrastructure such as roads/Bridges
• due to non compatibility with design of road network e.g. tunnel
height, width and road curve radii
Source-Preliminary Draft Report for EGMHarmonisation of standards • Divergent national weight standards create o Inefficiency across the logistics chain o Transport operators load their vehicle-suboptimally o Perform more trips for the same volume of goods o Financial burden on carriers o Delays in goods delivery o Lower efficiency, economic loss o Negative impact on environment
Harmonisation of standards
• Harmonisation of standards will enhance
• efficiency,
• effectiveness of intra-regional transport connectivity,
• logistics linkages ensuring the smooth operations of the Asian
Highway Network as well as the Eurasian Transport Corridors
connecting Asia and EuropeABOUT INDIAN AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY • The Largest Tractor producer • The Second largest Two wheeler producer • The Second largest Bus producer • The Eight largest CV producer • The Ninth Largest Car producer • Major producer of automotive components
Motor Vehicle Act and Rules Making in India • Ministry of Road Transport and Highways: apex body to formulate act and rules. • Central Motor Vehicle Act 1988 amended time to time provides guideline and power to make rules. • Central Motor Vehicle Rules 1989 amended time to time provides rules and regulation for drivers, vehicles and road users. • Central Government makes the acts, rules and schemes and state government responsible for enforcement. • Indian Transport Department has the linkages with United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) through 1998 agreement.
Institutional structure for automotive regulations • MVA can be amended by Parliament and CMVR by the MoRTH through G.S.R (General Statutory Rules ) and S.O ( Statutory Order ) • Safety standards and emission norms are recommended for introduction by Central Motor Vehicles Rules-Technical Standing Committee (CMVR-TSC) and Standing Committee on Implementation of Emission Legislation (SCOE) • Safety standards are prepared by Automotive Industry Standards Committee and Bureau of Indian Standards
Automotive Industry Standards Committee (AISC) • AISC – a committee set up by MoRT&H • Standards in AISC are prepared by separate Panel comprising of representatives of various stakeholder associations. • AISC formulates AIS after considering various aspects like the status of technology, time frame required for implementation, necessity of a particular regulation in relation to the safety and emission, etc. • Finalised draft is hosted on AISC website for wide circulation • Standards prepared by AISC are submitted to CMVR-TSC for approval.
Central Motor Vehicle Rule- Technical Standing Committee
(CMVR-TSC)
• Joint Secretary, MoRTH is Chairman, CMVR-TSC
• CMVR-TSC comprises representatives
▪ Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises
▪ Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)
▪ Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA)
▪ Selected State Governments
▪ Testing agencies
▪ SIAM
▪ Domain Experts
▪ User groups – invitees
• CMVR-TSC adopts finalised standards and recommends implementations
• Standards notified
• Indian standards issued by BIS also notified under CMVR
• GSR – first draft notification issued- : 45-60 days given for comments
• Approval of the Secretary (MoRTH) and the Minister
• Final notification is issuedStanding Committee on Implementation of
Emission Legislation (SCOE)
• Joint Secretary, MoRT&H is Chairman, SCOE
• SCOE comprises representatives of :
• Ministry of Environment and Forests and Climate Change
(MoEF&CC)
• Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoP&NG)
• Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (MoHI&PE)
• Testing Agencies
• SIAM
• Domain ExpertsStanding Committee on Implementation of
Emission Legislation (SCOE)
• Currently dual norms – one set of norms for 13 major cities and
another for rest of the country- necessitated on account of
pollution levels and availability of requisite fuel
• Emission norms issued through gazette notification- draft
notification issued first and thereafter final notification is issued
after due consideration of comments received, approval of the
Secretary (MoRTH) and the Minister.
13Type Approval Procedure in India
• Every manufacturer of motor vehicles other than trailers and
semi-trailers submit the prototype of the vehicle to be
manufactured for test by a test agency under Rule 126 of
Central Motor vehicles Rules 1989 for granting a certificate
by that agency in compliance of provisions of the Act and
Rules.
• This is mandatory since April 1st, 1991.
14Type Approval Procedure in India
• Six Testing agencies currently authorised
o Automotive Research Association Of India, Pune,
o Vehicle Research & Development Establishment, Ahmednagar,
o Central Farm Machinery Testing and Training Institute, Budni,
o Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun,
o Central Institute of Road Transport, Pune and
o International centre for Automotive Technology, Manesar
• The process of the type approval generally takes about three
months.
• The same procedure is applicable to imported vehicles and
components also.
15Type Approval of Motor Vehicles:Process
INITIAL WORST CASE
DOCUMENTATION REVIEW / DOCS
VEHICLE TESTS /
SUBMISSION TO MinistryDISCUSSION
of Road Transport
WITH
COMPONENT TESTS
APPROVING AGENCY and APPROVING
Highways
AGENCY
(MoRTH)
(Motor Vehicles Act &
Central Motor Vehicles
Rules)
RELEASE OF TEST REPORT
GENERATION BY FINAL
CERTIFICATION
APPROVING AGENCY DOCUMENTATIONIn –Use vehicles
• All in-use vehicles have to undergo a mandatory
Pollution check once in six months.
• All transport vehicles have to undergo a once in two
years fitness check and more than 8 years old vehicle
would undergo fitness every year.
• The new vehicles need not necessarily have fitness
certificate at once but have to take it after two years
of registration.
17Motor Vehicle Act and Rules in India… Rules 91 to 127 mandated in Chapter V of the Central Motor Vehicle Rule Deals with the • Construction of motor vehicles and equipment • Safety provisions in motor vehicle • Passengers safety • Safety of pedestrians • Safety of vulnerable road users • Exhaust emissions • Noise pollution and reduction
Motor Vehicle Categories in India
Category Details
L L1 - Two Wheelers
(a Motor /cycle, max speed ≤ 70km/hr, engine capacity ≤
50 cc or 4 kw)
L2 - Two Wheelers
L5 - Three Wheelers
L7 - Quadricycle
M Passenger Vehicles
M1: Passenger Cars
(not more than 8 seats in addition to driver’s seat)
M2: Smaller Buses
(9 or more seats in addition to driver’s seat, GVW ≤ 5T)
M3: Standard Buses
(9 or more seats in addition to driver’s seat, GVW > 5T)Motor Vehicle Categories in India
Category Details
N Goods Carrier
N1: Smaller Trucks (GVW ≤ 3.5T)
N2: Medium Trucks (GVW >3.5 T but ≤ 12T)
N3: Regular Trucks (GVW > 12T)
A Agriculture Tractors, Harvester, Power Tiller
T Trailers
C Construction Equipment Vehicles
Special Category E-cart and E- rickshaw
Special Category Hydraulic TrailersLeap Frogging from BSIV to BSVI
Evolution of Emission Standards
BS IV Emission Standards: The current emission standards • BS IV is the fourth emission standard launched to keep a check on air pollutants. Emission norms was first implemented in 13 major cities of India from April 2010. • BS IV fuel finally covered the entire country in April 2017. Challenges • Rolling out of standard faced a lot of challenges. • Delay owing to the deficiency of BS IV fuel. • fuel producers made hefty investments to supply this fuel all over the country. • Exemption provided to manufacturers of specialty vehicles like taxis.
India to leapfrog from BS IV to BS VI by 2020 • Indian government decided to jump on to the BS VI emission standards on April 1st, 2020, directly from the BS IV emission standards, skipping the BS V. • Applicability to all new vehicles manufactured after April 1st, 2020. • Earlier, the rolling out of BS VI norms was scheduled in 2021. • the government decided to prepone its implementation due to rising air pollution. No other country has taken such decision. • fuel retailers in the national capital to begin the supply of BS VI fuels from 01st April 2018. Challenges • Using BS VI fuels in vehicles fitted with BS III or BS-IV engines will only deliver the partial benefit of the BS VI fuel. • Automobile industries in manufacturing vehicles compliant with BS VI fuel.
Emission Norms in India
BS IV BS IV BS IV
13 + country BS V BS VI
states OBD level
Apr 1, 2010 Apr 1, 2013 Apr 1, 2017 Leapfrogging Apr 1, 2020
N* category(GVW>3500 kg) – CI
Item Unit BS IV BS VI
CO g/km 4.0 4.0
THC g/km - 0.16
NMHC g/km 0.55 -
NOx g/km 3.5 0.46 NOx reduction 86 %
NH3 ppm - 0.01
PM g/km 0.03 0.01 PM reduction 66 %
PN Numbers/km - 6X1011
World
European
Harmonized
Test Cycle Stationary Cycle * For other categories
Transient Cycle – CMVR,1989 to be
(ESC)
(WHTC) referredBSVI- Overview for 4W
4W Emission Norms Diesel
1/28 times
1/29 times
Year CO HC + HC NOx PM PN
g/km NOx g/km g/km g/km g/km
g/km
1/31 times
1991 14.3 4.7 -- -- -- --
2010 0.5 0.3 -- 0.25 0.035 --
2020 0.5 0.17 -- .08 0.0045 6.0X1011BSVI- Overview for 4W
4W Emission Norms SI vehicle Year CO HC + NOx HC NOx PM PN (GDI)
g/km g/km g/km g/km g/km Numbers/km
1991 14.3 -- 2.0 -- -- --
2010 1.0 - 0.10 0.08 -- --
2020 1.0 0.17 0.10 0.06 0.0045 6.0X1011
1/14 times
1/19 timesBSVI- Overview for 4W-HDV
4W-HDV Emission Norms steady state cycle
1/45 times
1/9 times
Year CO HC NOx PM PN
g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh Numbers/kW
h 1/36 times
1991 14 3.5 18 -- --
2010 1.5 0.46 3.5 0.02 --
2020 1.5 0.13 0.40 0.01 8.0X1011BSVI- Overview for 4W-HDV
4W-HDV Emission Norms Transient cycle
1/12 times
1/1.5 times
1/10 times
Year CO HC NOx PM PN
g/kW g/kWh g/kWh g/kWh Numbers/k
h Wh
2005 5.45 0.78 5.0 0.16 --
2010 4.0 0.46 3.5 0.03 --
2020 1.5 0.13 0.46 0.01 6.0X1011Limiting factors: Dimensions of Vehicles
Standards on Length and width
Size of road infrastructure
Road geometry
Need to ensure road safety
Standards on Height
Design of tunnel and underpass
Standards on Weight
Direct impact on pavement and road structuresPermissible Axle Load in India
Maximum Safe Axle Weight
Sl. Axle Type Maximum Safe
No. Axle Weight
1. Single Axle
1.1 Single Axle with single Tyre 3.0 tons
1.2 Single Axle with two Tyres 7.0 tons
1.3 Single Axle with four Tyres 11.5 tons
2. Tandem Axles (Two axles) (where the distance between 21.0 Tons
two axles is less than 1.8 mtr.)
2.1 Tandem axle for rigid vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 21 tons
2.2 Tandem axle for Puller tractors for hydraulic and 28.5 tons
pneumatic trailers
3. Tri–axles (Three axles) (where the distance between
outer axles is less than 3 mtr.)
3.1 Tri-axle for rigid vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers 27 tons
4. Axle Row (two axles with four tyres each) in Modular 18 tons
Hydraulic trailers
(9 tonnes load shall be permissible for single axle)
Note: If the vehicle is fitted with pneumatic suspension, 1 ton extra load is permitted for each axleMotor Vehicle Dimensions in India
Sr No Vehicle Category/Type Width Length Height
1 M1 (Motor Vehicle Non transport) 2.6 6.5 3.8
2 M2.M3, N1,N2,N3 (Two axle) 2.6 12.0 3.8
3 Articulated vehicle (Semi-trailer) 2.6 16.0 3.8
4 Articulated vehicle (Semi-trailer) 2.6 18.75 3.8
(Car Carriers)
5 Truck Trailer or Tractor Trailer 2.6 18.0 4.2
6 Passenger Vehicle Bus 3 Axle (M3) 2.6 15.0 3.8
7 Puller Tractor Three axle or more 2.6 10.0 3.8
8 Modular Hydraulic Trailer 3.0 19.0 (Trailer) 4.75
29.0 (with puller)
9 Single Articulated Bus 2.6 18.0 3.8
10 Single Articulated Bus 2.6 25.0 3.8
11 Quadricycle 1.5 3.0 Passenger 2.5
3.7 Goods
12 E-Rickshaw and E-Cart 1.0 2.8 1.8
13 A (Harvester) 3.3 15.0 4.75
14 C (Construction Equipment) 3.0 12.75 4.75
18.0 (>2 axle)
15 A (Agriculture Tractor) 2.6 6.5 3.8
16 A(Power tiller) 1.5 3.5 2.0
17 Airport Passenger Bus 3.2 15.0 3.8Conclusion
Item Indian Standards Recommended
Standards
Maximum Width, mm 2,600 2,550
Maximum Height, mm 4,750 4,000
Maximum Length, mm Rigid Truck 12,000 12,000
Articulated 18,750 18,750
Vehicle
Gross Vehicle Weight, Rigid Vehicle 49.00 32.00
ton Articulated 55.00 44.00
Vehicle
Maximum Axle Load, Group Axles 21.00 18**/24***
ton Single Axle 11.50 10/11.5*
Note: * Powered axle, ** Tandem axle, *** Tridem axleMotor Vehicle Rule Harmonization • India is an active member of the process of harmonisation of Global Technical Regulations (GTR). • Started contributing as an Observer in WP 29 from 2003. • Joined 1998 agreement in April 2006. • India is quite happy that o GTRs are based on consensus o GTR takes into account regional issues
Useful links Notification / Rules / Standards http://morth.nic.in BIS – Indian Standards http://www.bis.gov.in/ MoEF ( Genset Notification /Rules/ Standards) http://cpcb.nic.in/Generator.php UNESCAP Draft reports on weights, Dimensions and Emission of fright road vehicles along the Asian Highways
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