CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS

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CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
CONSTRUCTION
              ECONOMIST
                                                                                  SPRING 2014

              The Journal of the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
              Le Journal de l’Institut canadien des économistes en construction

       CIQS
       CONGRESS
       2014
       Sustaining Construction
       JUNE 19-21 – CALGARY
PM 40065075

                                                                                           ciqs.org
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
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CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
CONSTRUCTION
                                                                            ECONOMIST
                                                                                                                                                                                       SPRING 2014
The mission of CIQS is to promote and
advance professional quantity surveying
and construction estimating; to establish
and maintain national standards;
to recruit, educate and support                                                      The Journal of the Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
our members.                                                                         Le Journal de l’Institut canadien des économistes en construction

Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
90 Nolan Court, Unit 19, Markham, ON L3R 4L9
t. 905/477.0008 f. 905/477.6774
                                                                                        Features
toll free. +1 866/345.1168
e. info@ciqs.org                                                                         CIQS Staffing Committee Budget
www.ciqs.org
                                                                                         & Long Range Planning Report. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  11
Executive Director
Lois Metcalfe. ........................... . . . . . . execdir@ciqs.org
Editor                                                                                       Top 10 emerging technologies
                                                                                              that will reshape the future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  16
Joshua Mutize, PQS................... . . . conecon@ciqs.org
Translation
André Bernard, ECA
Send Change of Address to:                                                                       CIQS Congress 2014. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  18
Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
90 Nolan Court, Unit 19, Markham, Ontario L3R 4L9

CIQS Board
                                                                                                  Subways or light rail transit?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  20
Chair:
Mark Gardin, PQS                                                                                     Construction cost trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  24
Vice Chair:
Dave Burns, PQS
Secretary/Treasurer & Past Chair:                                                                      New certification path approved by CIQS. . . . . . . .  28
Mark Russell, PQS(F)
Registrar and CIQS – Ontario Rep:
Craig Bye, PQS
CIQS - British Columbia Rep:
Matt Weber, PQS
CIQS - Maritimes Rep:
David Dooks, PQS
CIQS - Québec Rep:
Jacques Amelin, ECA
CIQS - Newfoundland and Labrador Rep:
Roy Lewis, PQS(F)
CIQS - Prairies and NWT Rep:
Michael Bernier, PQS
Education Administrator:
David Lai, PQS(F)
                                                                                                                                                                                                  20
Statements of fact and opinion expressed are those of
the authors and CIQS assumes no responsibility for the
content, nor do they represent official policy of CIQS.                   Departments
Published four times a year on behalf of the
Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors by                               Chair’s Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
                                                                          Executive Director’s Message. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
                                                                          Editor’s Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
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info@kelman.ca         www.kelman.ca                                      Education Updates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Managing Editor. ....................... Chris Kelman                     Congratulations.                . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
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CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
Chair’s Message

 The evolution of the Institute                                                                                             Mark Gardin, PQS

 L
             ike any business or organisation        image, brand and messaging. Parcel              The days of operating a 2,000 member
             within Canada, or North                 made it quite clear, that trying to market   organisation with two part time staff are
             America, or even on a global            the quantity surveying profession with       coming to an end. A HR/Staffing Plan
             scale, CIQS continues to evolve         a national association and six affiliates,   has been developed and based on the list
  in this seemingly rapidly changing world.          all with very different names, logos and     of tasks required to operate the Institute
  But is CIQS keeping pace with change,              images would be not only be a colossal       on a daily, monthly and year basis, it is
  leading the chase, or staggering behind            effort in time and resources, but would      clear we simply need more paid staff. I
  the pack, and are we evolving in a                 also break the bank.                         was in a state of shock and disbelief to
  positive way? Is the Institute better than            So we evolved. The affiliates changed     understand how much Lois and Ishrat
  it was last year, or five years ago or,            their names to align with CIQS, and we       really do – it was truly mind blowing.
  when the Institute started 55 years ago?           now have a fantastic brand with the             And the review of tasks did not end
     It is safe to say the Institute has evolved     new logo that projects a much more           at the national level. Each CIQS Affiliate
  since the early years when it began with           consistent image across Canada. And          is charged with a multitude of tasks
  39 members and a willingness of volunteer          with the new image, came a new website       that require human resources. Some
  members to build an organization from              encompassing the national website,           tasks are completed by paid staff but
  essentially scratch. We owe a great deal of        six new affiliate websites, plus a new       most are routinely completed by a small
  gratitude to these hard working pioneers           content management system.                   group dedicated volunteer members in
  for their efforts and dedication. But how             Only now, are we finally ready to do      each Affiliate.
  much have we evolved in say the past               what was asked at the Whistler AGM              This created a chain reaction that led
  five to 10 years and have the changes              and embark on a marketing strategy to        to more questions about duplication
  impacted the Institute in a positive way?          promote quantity surveying in Canada.        of resources. Why does each Affiliate
     As a follow up to my previous                   By the way, the two original objectives      assess new membership? Why does
  message on consistency, I am pleased               have not changed since Whistler nor          each administer the education policies
  to announce two further initiatives CIQS           have they changed since the Institute’s      by reviewing diaries, TPE, encourage
  is implementing to enhance the services            inception. How would I know? Just read       members to write exams? Why does
  we deliver and at the same time allowing           the CIQS mission statement and you will      each expend resources administering and
  our organization to become much more               find the answer.                             collecting membership fees?
  efficient and consistent.                             In the coming months, CIQS will commit       Too much time is spend at the Affiliate
     The first initiative is a continuation of our   significant human and financial resources    level draining the volunteer and financial
  marketing strategy that began following            to implement a new marketing campaign        resources on routine administrative tasks
  the 2010 Whistler AGM. One simple                  that tackles these two objectives head on.   when in reality, the Affiliates’ time should
  request from the membership set us down            I am excited to be part of the team that     be more focused on promoting quantity
  a path of evolution that has become far            will deliver this initiative and share the   surveying regionally.
  more reaching than anyone might have               results and successes with you.                 It is time to adequately and properly
  imagined just four short years ago.                   The second initiative involves the        staff the national office and take the
     Following the Whistler AGM, CIQS                human resources of our organization          administrative load off the Affiliates and
  engaged the marketing firm Parcel, to              or more specifically, the lack of human      volunteer members. This will in turn lead
  assist us to develop a marketing strategy          resources CIQS and its affiliates            to a more consistent and efficient delivery
  that CIQS could implement to both attract          continues to operate with. The plan to       of services and will benefit everyone.
  new members and to promote quantity                deal with this issue puts the Institute’s       More information will be presented
  surveying to industry and government.              evolution into high gear and will make       in this magazine detailing the HR/
     It was through the early process of             our organisation function much more          Staffing plan and how we will undertake
  understanding who CIQS was, Parcel                 efficiently and with the consistency we
  recognized the inconsistencies in our              strive to achieve.                                              Continued on page 30.

4 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
Message du Président du Conseil

L’évolution du l’Institut

C
             omme toute autre entreprise          De part sa compréhension rapide du         et ses affiliés doivent continuer d’opérer.
             ou organisation au Canada,        caractère de l’ICÉC, Parcel a identifié les   Le plan pour faire face à ce problème fera
             ou en Amérique du Nord,           incohérences au niveau de notre image,        grandement évoluer l’Institut et rendra le
             ou même à l’échelle globale,      de notre marque et de notre message.          fonctionnement de notre organisation plus
l’ICÉC continue d’évoluer dans ce monde        Parcel a été claire en disant que de          efficace et conforme à la cohérence que
en évolution rapide. Mais est-ce que           commercialiser la profession d’économiste     nous voulons atteindre.
l’ICÉC reste à l’affût du changement,          en construction avec une association             Le temps où l’on opérait une organisation
à la tête du peloton ou à la queue, et         nationale et six affiliés, tous avec des      avec 2000 membres avec deux personnels
évoluons-nous de façon positive ? Est-ce       noms, des logos et des images très            à temps plein est presque révolu. Un plan
que L’Institut est meilleur qu’il y a un an,   différents exigerait beaucoup de temps et     des RH/de dotation a été élaboré, et selon
cinq ans ou à ses débuts il y a 55 ans ?       de ressources et serait très dispendieux.     la liste de tâches requises pour opérer
   On peut affirmer que l’Institut a évolué       Nous avons donc évolué. Les affiliés       l’Institut quotidiennement, mensuellement
depuis son ouverture avec 39 membres           ont changé leur nom pour s’aligner sur        et annuellement, il est évident que nous
et une volonté de la part des membres          l’ICÉC, et nous avons maintenant une          devons avoir plus d’employés rémunérés
bénévoles de bâtir une organisation à partir   marque fantastique avec le nouveau logo       travaillant à temps plein. C’est avec choc
de rien ou presque. Nous devons une fière      qui projette une image beaucoup plus          et incrédulité que j’ai compris tout le
chandelle à ces pionniers travaillants pour    cohérente à travers le Canada. Et avec        travail qu’exécutaient vraiment Lois et
leurs efforts et leur dévouement. Mais à       la nouvelle image, nous avons créé un         Ishrat – c’était vraiment incroyable.
quel point avonsnous vraiment évolué au        nouveau site Web pour inclure le site Web        Et l’analyse des tâches ne s’est pas
cours des cinq ou dix dernières années         national, six nouveaux sites Web d’affiliés   terminée au niveau national. Chaque
et est-ce que ces changements ont eu un        et un système de gestion du contenu.          affilié de l’ICÉC est responsable d’une
impact positif sur l’Institut ?                   Nous sommes finalement prêts à             multitude de tâches qui exigent des
   Suite à mon message précédent sur la        exécuter ce qui a été demandé à l’AGA         ressources humaines. Certaines tâches
cohérence, je suis heureux d’annoncer          de Whistler et lancer une stratégie de        sont exécutées par du personnel
que deux nouvelles initiatives de l’ICÉC       marketing pour promouvoir l’économie de       rémunéré mais la plupart sont souvent
seront implantées pour améliorer les           la construction au Canada. En passant,        complétées par un petit groupe de
services que nous offrons et aussi             les deux objectifs originaux n’ont pas        bénévoles dévoués chez chaque affilié.
permettre à notre organisation de devenir      changé depuis Whistler et non plus               Ceci a créé une réaction en chaîne
plus efficace et cohérente.                    depuis la création de l’Institut. Comment     qui a mené à d’autres questions sur le
   La première initiative est la suite de      le saurais-je ? La réponse se trouve dans     dédoublement des ressources. Pourquoi
notre stratégie marketing qui a pris forme     l’énoncé de mission de l’ICÉC.                est-ce que chaque affilié évalue chaque
suite à l’AGA de 2010 à Whistler. Une             Au cours des prochains mois, l’ICÉC        nouvelle adhésion ? Pourquoi est-
simple demande des membres nous a              consacrera une quantité importante de         ce chacun d’eux gère les politiques
menés sur un sentier de l’évolution dont       ressources humaines et financières à          d’éducation en examinant les journaux,
la portée est beaucoup plus large que          l’établissment d’une nouvelle campagne        administrant le TPE ou encourageant
nous aurions pu l’imaginer il y a à peine      de marketing qui s’attaque de front aux       les membres à passer des examens ?
quatre ans.                                    deux objectifs. Je suis excité à l’idée de    Pourquoi est-ce que chacun d’eux alloue
   Suite à l’AGA de Whistler, l’ICÉC a         faire partie de l’équipe qui mettra cette     des ressources à l’administration et la
embauché la firme de marketing Parcel          initiative en œuvre et de partager nos        perception des cotisations de membres ?
pour nous aider à élaborer une stratégie       résultats et nos réussites avec vous.            Trop de ressources bénévoles et
de marketing que l’ICÉC pourrait implanter        La deuxième initiative implique les        financières des affiliés sont consacrées
pour attirer de nouveaux membres et            ressources humaines de notre organisation     aux tâches administratives routinières
promouvoir l’économie en construction          ou plus spécifiquement, le manque de
auprès de l’industrie et du gouvernement.      ressources humaines avec lequel l’ICÉC                               Suite à la page 30.

                                                                                Spring 2014 | www.ciqs.org | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | 5
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
Executive Director’s Message

  The times they are a-changin’                                                                                        Lois Metcalfe

 A            s I write this message, I am
              reminded of the song by Bob
              Dylan “the times they are
              a-changin’.” The first stance
  of this song seems quite appropriate as
  the Institute enters into a new age in
                                              a note to the wall “For the good of the
                                              Institute.” This slogan has stayed with
                                              me over the years and to this day I
                                              continue to post this slogan to remind
                                              the dedicated Board of volunteers of
                                              their responsibilities in running the
                                                                                         to realize ‘change.’ Change entails
                                                                                         thoughtful planning and sensitive
                                                                                         implementation by a team with
                                                                                         the knowledge and insight into the
                                                                                         implications of such an endeavour.
                                                                                         We are fortunate that our current
  their 55th year of operation:               affairs of the CIQS. It is through these   team of Directors have a vision to
                                              committed teams of Directors that          map out a blueprint to take the
        “Come gather ‘round people            the Institute has enjoyed an increase      Institute into the next era for ‘the
            Wherever you roam                 in membership, recognition of our          good of the Institute.’
         And admit that the waters            designations and financial stability.        Change must be realistic,
        Around you have grown…..”               When you read the Chair’s Message        achievable and measurable and I
                                              and the article on ‘Nationwide             do believe that in order to take the
    When I started with the CIQS in           Fees’ by our Treasurer, you will           Institute to the next level, we must all
  1978, my first President always pinned      soon realize the Institute is about        embrace the plan put before us.

6 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
Editor’s Message

Joshua Mutize, PQS   Welcome to 2014!

I hope you all had an enjoyable 2013
  and have had a good start into your
  business and personal goals and
  objectives for 2014.
  In this issue, we bring to you three
exciting articles that I believe you will
                                                 In this issue, we bring to you three exciting
                                                 articles that I believe you will enjoy reading
                                                 and that will also inspire you on the vast
                                                 potentials in 2014.
enjoy reading and that will also inspire
you on the vast potentials in 2014.
• Construction trends by BTY Group          coupled with new civil works in the               our industry in one way or the other
• Top 10 emerging technologies 2014         mining sector.                                    – bring new projects or a need to
   by Oliver Cann, Associate Director,        For more information on Construction            refurbish existing infrastructures in
   Media Relations at World Economic        Industry trends, please see the article           order to accommodate these emerging
   Forum                                    on page 24 by BTY Group. The article              technologies. Some of the industries
• Subways or light rail transit by Terry    provides a broader view of trends by              that will benefit the most are healthcare
   Harron (see page 20 for article)         province. We have also provided a great           construction, the mining industry and
                                            reference on construction escalations             energy sectors.
Construction trends                         by province for 2014-2016. Please                   For more details see page 16 for the
2014 is already building some               exercise good judgement when using                article Top 10 Emerging technologies
momentum with strong industry               this information. We encourage readers            2014 by Oliver Cann, Associate Director,
capital investments in energy,              to make their own research and use this           Media Relations at World Economic
innovations, and residential as well as     reference for comparison purposes.                Forum
commercial construction. Canadian                                                               If you have ideas about other subjects
growth in this sector continues to be       Top 10 emerging technologies 2014                 or topics to cover, please let us know!
healthy with continued sustainability       In reading these top 10 technologies,
in the oil and gas industry                 I believe some of them will impact                Have a happy summer!

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                                                                             Spring 2014 | www.ciqs.org | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | 7
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
CPD Corner

  Trend setters                                                                                                           David Dooks, PQS

 W                hen I first set out to
                  become a construction
                  estimator, I had no idea
                  what a quantity surveyor
  was. Looking back now, I am thankful
  for the mentoring and time offered by the
                                                 was once again given an opportunity to
                                                 learn more about the association. So when
                                                 I graduated and was looking for a job, my
                                                 eyes were opened to the opportunity of
                                                 working for a QS firm.
                                                    Now I volunteer my time on the CIQS
                                                                                                their doors to local colleges and universities
                                                                                                to provide awareness and seek out potential
                                                                                                members. Architect and Engineering
                                                                                                firms have the advantage of inspiring
                                                                                                their employees to seek out professional
                                                                                                societies as part of their growing portfolio.
  CIQS members that spent the time to            Maritimes Council and our association          Construction companies similar to
  invite an aspiring student into their ranks.   is in need of new associate members to         Architects and Engineers have their own
  At the time, while I was taking courses at     expand our ranks. The issue of increasing      list of preferred professional organizations
  the local college, we were offered a chance    our numbers is not just limited to one         that project managers and estimators seek
  to meet some of the CIQS members at a          association but to the entire membership.      out. In both cases they do not always target
  meet and greet event. For some, it was         Through marketing and advertisement, the       the CIQS as a top priority. No doubt the
  just a night out to meet some construction     CIQS strives to increase our exposure in       QS firms in Canada inspire their employees
  professionals and enjoy some free food, for    the industry but more effort will be needed.   to seek membership into the CIQS as a
  others, it was an opportunity to learn more    Our members are our biggest asset in           prerequisite to their professional portfolios.
  about the institute. I was also invited to     leading the way for future growth. Other          So how do we engage future members?
  the CIQS Maritimes Christmas Dinner and        professional groups are always opening         For those companies with PQS members
                                                                                                in their ranks, it is important to utilize
                                                                                                this inside resource to find and mentor
                                                                                                new recruits. Even in my own current
                                                                                                employment several co-workers have
                                                                                                asked for guidance to learn more about the
                                                                                                association and how to best proceed with
                                                                                                submitting their applications. These are
                                                                                                great examples of how we find ourselves
                                                                                                in the role of mentors. Please do not
                                                                                                stop there. Introduce new and potential
                                                                                                members to the association by actively
                                                                                                participating in AGM and open house
                                                                                                events. Take the time to become an active
                                                                                                player in the association throughout the life
                                                                                                of your career to add your experiences to
                                                                                                the growth of our community. Another, and
                                                                                                growing, trend is social media and currently
                                                                                                our association has profiles on Facebook,
                                                                                                Twitter, and Linkedin. This provides us with
                                                                                                a tool to expand our membership to remote
                                                                                                areas nationally and internationally. Through
                                                                                                social media we can offer professional
                                                                                                working advice or fun anecdotes to the
                                                                                                membership as a community and not feel
                                                                                                limited by where we live. If you find yourself
                                                                                                unable to make it to local association
                                                                                                events but are an avid user of social media
                                                                                                and would like to participate and grow our
                                                                                                online presence please seek us out.

8 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
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                                                         Spring 2014 | www.ciqs.org | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | 9
CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST SPRING 2014 - CONGRESS 2014 - CIQS
Education Updates

  Final results
  from the 2013 examinations                                                                                       David Lai, PQS (F)

  The following was presented at the March      7% failure rate (including no-shows)        are 82% pass rate, 18% failure
  2014 CIQS National Board Meeting:             with eight cancellations/rescheduled.       rate (including no-shows) with 27
  • The final results of the November 2013      When combined with the May 2013             cancellations/rescheduled.
    examination session are 93% pass rate,      results, the overall results for 2013   •   The CIQS annual awards for 2013 are:
                                                                                               The Frank Helyar Memorial Award
                                                                                               for the highest mark (above 75%)
                                                                                               in Subject # 302 Measurement
                                                                                               of Construction Works – Practical
                                                                                               Exam is Ms. Natalia Zemlyanskaya
                                                                                               of CIQS – Maritimes.
                                                                                               The Buster Vermeulen Memorial
                                                                                               Award for the highest mark (above
                                                                                               75%) in Subject # 308 Cost
                                                                                               Planning is Mr. Michael Gabert
                                                                                               of CIQS – Prairies and Northwest
                                                                                               Territories.
                                                                                        •   There are 24 candidates registered for
                                                                                            the May 2014 examination.
                                                                                        •   The development of the Civil
                                                                                            Engineering syllabus with Seneca
                                                                                            College continues under the guidance
                                                                                            of Mr. Kevin Alexander, PQS.
                                                                                        •   CIQS voted to accept the PAQS
                                                                                            accreditation of Hong Kong University
                                                                                            programs in Bachelor of Science in
                                                                                            Surveying and Masters of Science in
                                                                                            Construction Project Management,
                                                                                            Majoring in Quantity Surveying
                                                                                            as well as the re-accreditation of
                                                                                            Taylor University Malaysia program
                                                                                            in Bachelor of Quantity Surveying
                                                                                            (Honours).
                                                                                        •   The application form the newly created
                                                                                            TPE Route 12 is now available.
                                                                                        •   Changes to the TPE diary requirements
                                                                                            for members attempting the CEC/ECC
                                                                                            and PQS/ECA have been approved.
                                                                                            The Areas of Approved Experience
                                                                                            have been expanded to reflect the
                                                                                            additional roles/duties that our members
                                                                                            are now involved in especially in
                                                                                            Project Monitoring and PPP projects.
                                                                                            The Mandatory Areas of Approved
                                                                                            Experience has been re-named Core
                                                                                            Areas of Approved Experience with the
                                                                                            number of Core and Optional Areas of
                                                                                            Approved Experience reduced.

10 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
CIQS Staffing Committee
Budget & Long Range Planning Report
By Mark Russell, PQS(F), Past Chair and Treasurer

T
            he CIQS Staffing Committee              or the ideas in the B&LRP, in the manner         The B&LRP initiative dictates that
            met in late March, prior to             in which they should be carried out.           we will need to allow, in the medium
            the March Board Meeting,                  It is imperative that we get moving          term, for a full time Executive Director,
            to discuss the succession               on this B&LRP report, otherwise the            a full time Membership & Education
            planning for the Executive              Institute will become stagnant, and so         Director, a full time Marketing & Events
Director and Head Office Administrative             this budget situation led us to look at        Administrator, a Full Time Administrative
Support. These items had been identified            other options.                                 Support, a Part Time Bookkeeper and a
as priorities in the Business & Long                  To maintain the status quo, in terms         full time Receptionist.
Range Planning Report (B&LRP) and                   of dues and how they are collected               Right now your CIQS portion of the
have to be dealt with due to upcoming               and distributed, whilst carrying out           dues, aside from other expenditures, pays
retirement for the Administrative support           the requirements of the B&LRP and              for 50% of the costs for the Executive
in the short term (December 2014) and               including the expanded Head Office             Director and 50% of the costs for the
the Executive Director in the medium                resources, would soon deplete the CIQS         Administrative Support.
term (June 2016).                                   Reserve Funds to a level that would be           The benefit of having a full complement
   It became apparent during the review             unacceptable from either a Professional        of staff at the National level will filter
of the ‘work items’ undertaken by the               standpoint or a Governance standpoint.         down through to the Affiliates, meaning
current Head Office staff that there are                                                           that there will no longer be a need
duplication of duties, and works currently          BACKGROUND                                     for the Affiliates to have as heavy an
carried out that are specialized in nature          You may, or may not, be aware that the         Administrative load.
and should not fall under their scope.              annual dues paid across the country              In order to work through this process,
The full list of ‘work items’ were then             vary drastically. Your annual renewal          and attain the requirement of the B&LRP,
categorized, which allowed us a clearer             notice has a portion for ‘National’            we need to switch to a nationwide fee
picture of where we should be heading in            fees and a portion for ‘Affiliate’ fees,       for all categories of membership. The
terms of Head Office resources.                     to which you pay the total amount,             benefits of which I hope to outline below.
   The Succession Planning has a knock              plus any Provincial taxes. As things
on effect with other key items listed in            currently stand, the National portion is       WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS
the report, mainly with regards the Head            consistent across the country and the          FOR THE AFFILIATES?
Office resources, meaning that we had               Affiliate portion varies. This in itself       There are various pros and cons,
to expand our scope to include these                leads to 56 different fees nationwide          however, the effects are generally
items, as opposed to dealing with the               (8 categories x 7 Affiliates) which is         positive. No longer would the Affiliates
Succession Planning in isolation (see               difficult to administer and implement;         have to use volunteer positions to carry
further in the article for the B&LRP list of        and an inequality of fees for the same         out the Applications, Examinations, and
resources).                                         designation holders across the country,        Diary Reviews as these would be carried
   What transpired was the generation               which could be deemed unjust.                  out at National level by the newly created
of a Resource Schedule for Head Office                 We discovered when we embarked on           position of Membership & Education
Administration and, following on from               our Marketing & Re-Branding campaign           Director. Anyone who has participated
that, a series of forecasted medium term            that the inconsistencies we had in terms       in an Affiliate Board will agree that the
budgets to allow for these positions.               of the Affiliates all having their own names   amount of time and resources that this
   This process quickly proved that                 and logos were an obstacle to promoting,       scope of work takes up during the course
although past and present CIQS Boards               marketing and growing the Profession.          of a meeting, and beyond, now being
have great ideas to grow and evolve                 We now find a similar issue manifesting        freed up is a good thing and should be
the Institute, promote the Profession,              itself in terms of a variance in dues and      encouraged.
encourage new applicants, increase                  an inadequate use of resources across             The immediate requirement for
growth in numbers, and support and                  the country. The Administration process        succession planning was based on the
nurture those paying their annual dues –            across the country has to be streamlined       role of Executive Director, but this was
we do not necessarily have the funds nor            for better efficiency and better use of the    only part of the plan. By and large, this
resources in place to execute these ideas,          dues we collect.                               new set up at National level would free

                                                                                     Spring 2014 | www.ciqs.org | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | 11
up the Executive Director to concentrate      • Support of Executive Director,               But it is not all one way traffic. The
  on requirements of their exact role and         Membership & Education Director,          National Board is acutely aware that there
  also free up resources at Affiliate level.      and Marketing Representative in their     would need to be an Affiliate Support
  This can best be explained by looking at        daily duties. This support becomes        Fund established to allow the Affiliates to
  the proposed new positions:                     critical prior to and during the CIQS     have sufficient funds to run their business;
                                                  examination sessions, collection          including localized events and promotion,
  Membership & Education Director                 of membership dues and annual             Directors meetings, Student Award Funds,
  Having this position in place will have the     congress.                                 D & O insurance and AGMs. The forecast
  following implications:                                                                   budgets allow for these funds to flow back
  • Membership Applications, TPE Diary          Full Time Marketing                         to the Affiliates.
     Checks, and CPD Checks are currently       & Events Administrator                         By moving the bulk of the Administration
     carried out by volunteers at Affiliate     Having this position in place will have     from the Affiliates to National this would
     level. Due to the turnover of persons      the following implications:                 allow the Affiliate Boards more of an
     in this role this has a tendency to        • Gives CIQS the resources to               opportunity to concentrate their efforts
     lead to a variation of the evaluations        implement the promotion and              on initiatives such as liaising with local
     (7 individuals carry these out across         marketing strategies generated by        Post Secondary facilities to encourage
     the country). By centralizing this            Parcel                                   student membership growth, hosting at
     workload to a paid staff member, this      • Allows for the organization of Events     Trade Shows, meeting with Provincial
     will allow for the work to be carried         and countrywide, thus relieving          Governments and allowing for localized
     out more efficiently and consistently.        pressure on the Affiliate Board, their   assistance with implementing the
     It will also reduce processing times          Administration and volunteers            Marketing campaign.
     and the frustration felt from potential    • Allows for active sourcing of
     new members, active Associates, and           Marketing opportunities Nationwide       WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS
     Designation Holders.                       • The Media Liaison role, which will        FOR THE DESIGNATION HOLDERS?
  • It will lead to consistent TPE Diary           allow quick commentary on issues         Having a uniform fee across the country
     reviews for the entire country.               affecting the Profession                 will create a parity that currently does
  • Allow for consistency in Post-                                                          not exist. No longer will there be a
     Secondary facilities accreditations        Part Time Web Administrator                 disproportionate set of fees for the same
     and the ability to maintain a current      This new position has been filled,          membership categories nationwide.
     centralized database for accredited        which will have the following                 We all deal with numbers, so what is
     programs and distance education            implications:                               the bottom line effect?
  • Streamline the entire process from          • Allows for real time updates of the         The exact figures are yet to be
     Initial Application through to full CPD      website, by a Professional in that        determined, so there may be some
  • Take the administration load off              Industry                                  changes to the figures noted below. Bear
     volunteers and Affiliates                  • Allow for a quicker fix for any bugs      in mind that these figures are optimum
  • Allows the Executive Director the             that appear                               dues, therefore if there are any changes it
     ability to concentrate on fulfilling the   • All revisions and updates are carried     would be a reduction to the ones listed:
     role without being sidetracked by            out in both English and French,           • 52% of PQS members will experience
     Membership issues                            without the lag we have historically         a $60 increase in their overall annual
  • Develop new ideas and approaches to           had for translation                          dues
     increase membership                        • Frees up the Executive Director           • 14% of PQS members will experience
  • Would free up the Affiliate Boards            having to coordinate, liaise and             a $30 increase in their overall dues
     Membership and Education portfolios,         implement web based issues                • 8% of PQS members will experience a
     allowing them to concentrate their                                                        $100 increase in their overall dues
     resources and efforts on local             Part Time Bookkeeper                        • 6% of PQS members will experience a
     marketing initiatives and promotion        Having this position in place will have        $150 increase in their overall dues
     of the Institute at Post-Secondary         the following implications:                 • 4% of PQS members will experience a
     facilities.                                • Frees up the Executive Director and          $150 increase in their overall dues
                                                   Administrative from all bookkeeping      •
• 56% of CEC members will experience                  experience a $30 increase in their               experience a $50 decrease in their
  a $35 increase in their overall annual              overall annual dues                              overall annual dues
  dues                                            •   19% of Associate members will
• 14% of CEC members will experience                  experience a $75 increase in their              As with the Marketing and Re-
  a $115 increase in their overall dues               overall dues                                  Branding endeavors we embarked on in
• 12% of CEC members will experience              •   17% of Associate members will                 2010 and the changes to the Canada
  a $63 increase in their overall dues                experience a $94 increase in their            Non-Profit Act we had to deal with last
• 6% of CEC members will experience a                 overall dues                                  year, the move towards National Dues
  $100 increase in their overall dues             •   7% of Associate members will                  may be a difficult scenario for many of
•
HISTORIQUE                                    sur les affiliés, car ils n’auront plus          Canada). En centralisant la charge
  Comme vous le savez, ou peut-être             besoin d’avoir une charge administrative         de travail à un membre en règle du
  pas, les cotisations annuelles varient        aussi importante.                                personnel, le travail sera effectué de
  de façon importante d’un bout du pays           Afin d’engager ce processus, et                façon plus efficace et cohérente. Ce
  à l’autre. Votre avis de renouvellement       combler l’exigence du rapport de                 processus réduira aussi le délai de
  annuel inclut une partie pour les frais       planification commerciale et à long              traitement et la frustration ressentie
  « nationaux » et une partie pour les frais    terme, nous devons instaurer une                 par de nouveaux membres potentiels,
  « des affiliés », que vous devez payer en     cotisation nationale pour toutes les             des associés en règle et des détenteurs
  totalité, en plus des taxes provinciales.     catégories de membres. J’espère bien             de titres ;
  Actuellement, la partie nationale est la      souligner les avantages ci-après.            •   Mener à des contrôles du journal TPE
  même à travers le pays et la partie des                                                        cohérents pour tout le pays ;
  affiliés varie, ce qui en soi représente      QUELS SERONT LES IMPACTS                     •   Assurer la cohérence des
  56 différentes cotisations à l’échelle du     POUR LES AFFILIÉS ?                              accréditations dans les établissements
  pays (8 catégories x 7 affiliés). Ceci est    Il y a des pour et des contre, par contre,       postsecondaires et la capacité de
  difficile à gérer et à mettre en place ;      les impacts sont généralement positifs.          maintenir une base de données
  et une inégalité en ce qui a trait à la       Les affiliés n’auraient plus à utiliser          centralisée à jour pour les programmes
  cotisation pour les détenteurs du même        de postes bénévoles pour remplir les             certifiés et l’éducation à distance ;
  titre de par le pays pourrait être perçue     demandes d’adhésion, les examens et          •   Faciliter tout le processus, de
  comme injuste.                                les contrôles quotidiens, car ils seraient       l’adhésion initiale au titre professionnel
     Pendant le lancement de notre              complétés à l’échelle nationale par le           complet ;
  campagne de marketing et de                   directeur de l’adhésion et de l’éducation    •   Alléger la charge administrative des
  modification de la marque, nous avons         nouvellement en poste. Quiconque                 bénévoles et des affiliés ;
  découvert que les incohérences que            a participé à un conseil des affiliés        •   Permettre au directeur exécutif de
  nous avions en ce qui concerne les            conviendra que la quantité de temps              se concentrer sur l’exécution de
  affiliés ayant tous leurs propres noms        et de ressources que cette charge de             ses tâches sans être distrait par les
  et logos entravaient à la promotion, la       travail exige pendant une réunion, et            questions d’adhésion ;
  commercialisation et la croissance de la      plus, est significative et donc ce nouveau   •   Développer de nouvelles idées et
  profession. Nous sommes devant une            processus est une bonne chose et devrait         approches pour augmenter l’adhésion ;
  situation semblable en ce qui concerne        être encouragé.                              •   Libérer les portfolios d’adhésion et
  la variation des cotisations et l’usage          L’exigence immédiate pour la                  d’éducation des conseils des affiliés,
  inadéquat des ressources à travers le         planification de la succession était basée       leur permettant de concentrer leurs
  pays. Le processus d’administration           sur le rôle du directeur exécutif, mais          ressources et efforts sur les initiatives
  utilisé d’un bout à l’autre du pays doit      ceci n’était qu’une partie du plan. En           de marketing locales et la promotion
  être simplifié afin que les cotisations que   général, ce nouveau processus au niveau          de l’Institut dans les établissements
  nous percevons soient plus efficaces et       national libérera le directeur exécutif          postsecondaires.
  mieux utilisées.                              afin qu’il ou elle puisse se concentrer
     L’initiative du rapport de planification   sur les exigences spécifiques de son         Commis au soutien administratif à temps
  commerciale et à long terme stipule qu’à      rôle et libérera aussi des ressources        plein (actuellement à temps partiel)
  moyen terme, nous devrons prévoir la          au niveau des affiliés. Ceci s’explique      La mise en place de ce poste aura les
  mise en poste d’un directeur exécutif à       essentiellement en examinant les             impacts suivants :
  temps plein, un directeur de l’adhésion       nouveaux postes proposés :                   • Soutenir le directeur exécutif,
  et de l’éducation à temps plein, un                                                           le directeur de l’adhésion et de
  administrateur du marketing et des            Directeur de l’adhésion et de l’éducation       l’éducation et le représentant
  événements à temps plein, un commis           La mise en place de ce poste aura les           du marketing dans leurs tâches
  au soutien administratif à temps plein,       impacts suivants :                              quotidiennes. Ce soutien devient
  un commis-comptable à temps partiel et        • Les demandes d’adhésion, les contrôles        essentiel avant et pendant les sessions
  une réceptionniste à temps plein.                du journal TPE et les vérifications des      d’examen de l’ICÉC, la perception de
     La partie ICÉC de vos cotisations             titres professionnels complets sont          cotisations et le congrès annuel.
  paie actuellement 50 % des frais liés            actuellement remplis par des bénévoles
  au directeur exécutif et au soutien              au niveau des affiliés. À cause du        Administrateur du marketing et des
  administratif.                                   roulement de personnel dans ce rôle,      événements à temps plein
     Le fait d’avoir un personnel complet à        les évaluations avaient tendance à        La mise en place de ce poste aura les
  l’échelle nationale aura des répercussions       varier (7 individus les remplissent au    impacts suivants :

14 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
• Donner à l’ICÉC les ressources pour          permettent à ces fonds d’être réinvestis       • 56 % des membres ECC verront
  implanter les stratégies de promotion        dans les affiliés.                               leurs cotisations annuelles
  et de marketing générées par Parcel ;           Le fait de déplacer le gros de                augmenter de 35 $
• Permettre l’organisation d’événements        l’administration des affiliés au national      • 14 % des membres ECC verront
  à l’échelle du pays, allégeant ainsi la      permettrait aux conseils des affiliés de         leurs cotisations annuelles
  pression sur le conseil des affiliés, leur   mieux se concentrer sur leurs efforts            augmenter de 115 $
  administration et les bénévoles ;            dans des initiatives telles que la liaison     • 12 % des membres ECC verront
• Permettre la recherche active                avec les établissements postsecondaires          leurs cotisations annuelles
  d’occasions de marketing à travers           pour favoriser la croissance de l’adhésion       augmenter de 63 $
  tout le pays ;                               étudiante, la tenue d’expositions              • 6 % des membres ECC verront
• Le rôle de relationniste média               commerciales, la rencontre avec les              leurs cotisations annuelles
  permettra de partager des                    gouvernements provinciaux, et l’aide             augmenter de 100 $
  commentaires rapidement sur les              local avec l’implantation de la campagne       •
Top 10
  emerging
    technologies
  that will reshape the future
                                                                            By Oliver Cann, Associate Director, Media Relations

                                            F
    The World Economic Forum’s                         rom super-light cars to          with industry leaders gathered at
                                                       smarter drugs, the World         the World Economic Forum’s Annual
    Global Agenda Council on
                                                       Economic Forum’s Global          Meeting 2014 in Davos-Klosters.
    Emerging Technologies is                           Agenda Council on Emerging       Each innovation was selected for its
    composed of top experts on                         Technologies has identified      potential to have a real and positive
    new technologies around the               the top 10 emerging technologies of       impact on the world.
                                              2014 that could reshape the society of      The list includes a new technique for
    world, representing both the
                                              the future.                               extracting metals along with drinking
    academic and business world                  Comprised of leading thinkers          water from the sea, new ways of
                                              from academia and industry, the           treating cancer using microbes found
    Download the full list at                 Council selected the innovations          naturally in the human body and
                                              with input both from experts within       computer interfaces operated by the
    wef.ch/et2014.
                                              the Network and after discussions         power of thought.

16 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
“These breakthroughs show the
          boundless potential for technology
         to have a positive impact on society,
          from finding cleaner energy to new
                  cures for disease.”

   “These breakthroughs show the            NANOSTRUCTURED                            HUMAN MICROBIOME
boundless potential for technology to       CARBON COMPOSITES:                        THERAPEUTICS:
have a positive impact on society, from     Cars made from carbon-fibre               Drawing on knowledge gained from the
finding cleaner energy to new cures         reinforced composites are as much         Human Microbiome Project in 2012
for disease. For these gains to be          as 40% lighter than older models,         and other research, human microbiome
realized, we need the right regulatory      stronger, and more easily recycled,       technology is increasingly seen as an
frameworks, strategic alliances among       offering the prospect for huge energy     important source of treatment for serious
innovators and market leaders,              savings.                                  diseases as well as for improving health.
investment capital, as well as greater
public awareness,” said Noubar              GRID-SCALE                                RNA-BASED THERAPEUTICS:
Afeyan, Chair of the Global Agenda          ELECTRICITY STORAGE:                      RNA, like DNA, plays a part in protein
Council on Emerging Technologies and        A fundamental breakthrough is             synthesis and, to a lesser extent, the
Chief Executive Officer of Flagship         close that would allow the saving         transmission of genetic information.
Ventures.                                   of surplus energy from fluctuating        Scientific advances are combining to
   “2014 will be a crucial year for these   renewable sources such as sun and         enable a new generation of targeted,
technologies,” said Martina Larkin,         wind within the electricity grid.         RNA-based drugs that could help find
Senior Director and Head of the                                                       new treatments for cancer and infectious
Network of Global Agenda Councils,          BODY-ADAPTED                              diseases.
World Economic Forum. “Close                WEARABLE ELECTRONICS:
cooperation between governments,            Whether worn on the body,                 QUANTIFIED SELF
industry and academia is essential to       embedded in clothes or even under         (PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS):
harness their potential.”                   the skin, these devices can track         Using data and specialized machine-
                                            information, such as heart rate and       learning algorithms, we can now build
The 10 emerging                             stress levels, giving people real-time    detailed and predictive models about
technologies are:                           feedback about their health.              people and their behaviours, which can
                                                                                      help in areas such as urban planning and
BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACES:                  NANOWIRE                                  medical diagnosis.
It is already possible to type just by      LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES:
monitoring the electrical activity of       New batteries based on silicon –             The Network of Global Agenda Councils
your brain, but as the technology           using tiny silicon nanowires – could      is a unique, global community of over
advances, it could be possible for          have a longer life, charge more           1,500 premier thought leaders who
people with disabilities to operate         quickly and hold up to three times        are the foremost experts in their fields
wheelchairs using only their thoughts.      the power of existing batteries.          of academia, business, government,
                                                                                      international organizations and
MINING METALS                               SCREENLESS DISPLAY:                       society. The top emerging technologies
FROM DESALINATION BRINE:                    A 3D image projected into space           and their impact will also be featured in
Large-scale desalination is becoming        – a ‘screenless display’ – can            the Global Technology Leadership course
economically feasible for the first time    convey information that a 2D image        of Forum Academy, a non-profit initiative
because of new chemical processes           presented on a screen cannot, and is      of the World Economic Forum aimed at
that enable the mining of metals from       close to becoming a practical reality.    helping professionals and organizations
waste water, or brine.                                                                enhance their strategic knowledge in a
                                                                                      fast-changing world.

                                                                          Spring 2014 | www.ciqs.org | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | 17
CIQS CONGRESS 2014
SUSTAINING CONSTRUCTION
Hosted by CIQS - Prairies & NWT
June 19 - 21, Calgary, Alberta

                                  Early Bird rate
                                  extended to May 12
                                  A special rate of $229/one bedroom has
                                  been negotiated and can be booked by
                                  calling the Sheraton Eau Claire directly
                                  1-888-784-8370 or 403-266-7200 or
                                  by email at reservations@sheratonsuites.com
                                  and referring to the CIQS Congress.

                                  Register online at:
                                  ciqs.org/english/congress
CIQS CONGRESS 2014
SCHEDULE
THURSDAY, JUNE 19, 2014

4:30 pm to 5:30 pm        Registration and Networking - Wildrose

5:30 pm to 6:30 pm        Presented by: Mark Gardin, Chair - Canadian Institute of Quantity Surveyors
                          Hosted by: CIQS - A Year in Review: Designation Holders Information Session

Dinner                    On your own

FRIDAY, JUNE 20, 2014

7:45 am to 8:45 am        Registration and Breakfast - Wildrose

8:45 am to 9:00 am        Welcoming ceremonies

9:00 am to 9:55 am        Understanding the cost of net zero, John Munro and Lisa Mathiessen – Integral Group

9:55 am to 10:15 am       Break

BREAKOUT SESSIONS         SANDLILY                                         CALYPSO

10:15 am to 11:10 am      A developed cost estimating method for           Moving through the diary process
                          calculating school maintenance costs             to complete your designation
                          Raji Al-AniAni                                   Doug Eastwell

11:15 am to 12:15 pm      LEED estimate options                            Project monitoring - a need
                          for office ventilation systems                   to standardize terms of engagement
                          Roy Baxter                                       Alistair Dearie – BTY Group

12:15 pm to 1:00 pm       Lunch

1:00 pm to 2:00 pm        City of Calgary - Developing comprehensive ROI analysis for green buildings, Speaker:TBA

2:00 pm to 2:15 pm        Break

2:15 pm to 3:15 pm        Sustainability and skills                        What is a green home worth?
                          in the construction environment                  Understanding green home value
                          Angela Lai – BTY Group                           Tyler Hermanson – 4 Elements Integrated Design

3:15 pm to 4:15 pm        Smart economics in the development of real estate, Jim Cuthbert - Wildrose Centre & South

4:15 pm to 4:30 pm        Closing remarks

6:00 pm                   President’s Dinner - Downtownfood

SATURDAY, JUNE 21, 2014

8:00 am to 9:30 am        Farewell Breakfast – Wildrose

                          Clive Evans Living Golf Tournament
Subways or light rail transit?                                                               By Terry Harron, PQS

I
       n November 2008, the Province of Ontario through its urban        In October 2010, Rob Ford was elected Mayor of Toronto and
       transportation agency Metrolinx, announced plans for a bold     immediately announced that the Transit City plan was dead. A
       and visionary Regional Transportation Plan for the Greater      major plank in Ford’s campaign platform was a promise that all
       Hamilton and Toronto Area (GTHA) known as The Big Move.         future mass transit expansion in Toronto would be underground.
       This was a 25 year plan to expand rapid transit throughout      Riding on his electoral success he claimed he was elected to
       the densely populated area of Southern Ontario known as the     build subways because that was what the people of Toronto
       Golden Triangle. When announced, the Ontario Government         wanted (polls confirmed this he claimed). This is true, but polls
  committed $11.50 billion to start the implementation. A major        taken anywhere in the world would provide the same result.
  component of The Big Move was an expansion of rapid transit in       Most people have a preference for subways. It is not unlike
  the City of Toronto to be known as Transit City. Toronto’s transit   asking people if they had a choice in the winter would they
  system is the third most-used transit system in North America –      prefer to park their cars indoors or outdoors. It is important to
  behind only New York and Mexico City and the existing subway         note here that although the Mayor touted his plan as a subway
  system is running at maximum capacity along its busiest route –      expansion it was not going to be a subway in the true sense of
  the Yonge University Spadina Line. Current ridership is in excess    the word. It was going to be an underground LRT. The biggest
  of 500 million passengers annually. Transit City was announced       problem Ford had was explaining how this was to be funded
  by then Mayor David Miller in 2007 and the first phase to be         as putting transit underground is much more expensive than
  completed by 2020 would consist of five Light Rail Transit (LRT)     putting it above ground. In order to build ECLRT completely
  lines. The system would be designed, built and operated by the       underground more funding would have to be found or other
  Toronto Transit Commission (TTC).                                    proposed lines that were part of the original Transit City
     The longest of these lines would be the Eglinton Cross Town       plan would have to be scrapped or deferred and the money
  Light Rail Transit (ECLRT) running from Jane Street in the           committed by the Province of Ontario to fund those lines would
  west of the city to Kennedy Station in the east where it would       be diverted to the now underground ECLRT.
  connect to the existing Scarborough Rapid Transit line. It would       Ford negotiated a Memorandum of Understanding between the
  be 19 kilometres long and have up to 25 new stations. Running        Government of Ontario and the City of Toronto for the Metrolinx
  through the heart of the city, a major portion of the line – from    provincial transit agency to build the Crosstown LRT entirely
  Keele Street in the west to Laird Street in the east – would have    underground while the City of Toronto would build an extension
  to be underground as Eglinton Avenue is not wide enough along        for the Sheppard subway line using its own funds, private funding
  this stretch to accommodate the required rail right-of-way within    agreements and any monies remaining from commitments from
  the existing roadway. With an estimated cost of $4.20 billion,       Ontario and the Government of Canada. The Memorandum of
  the ECLRT would be the most expensive infrastructure project         Understanding was to be ratified by Toronto City Council, but
  undertaken in the history of Toronto. Design contracts were          never was. Ford set up a committee to study funding of the
  awarded for tunnels and stations and tunnel boring machines          subway project and the ensuing report proposed user fees, parking
  (TBMs) were ordered.                                                 fees and/or road taxes, but these options were rejected by Ford.

20 | CONSTRUCTION ECONOMIST | www.ciqs.org | Spring 2014
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