Botanical features of Whakanewha Regional Park Waiheke Island
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Botanical features of Whakanewha Regional Park
Waiheke Island
Mike Wilcox Andy Spence & Peter White
Summary
The main vegetation types of Whakanewha Regional Park (247 ha) Waiheke Island are coastal forest dominated
by taraire {Beilschmiedia tarairi) regenerating Leptospermum B\\6 Kunzea scrub wetlands and mangroves a
coastal beaches and shell banks. To date 445 species of higher plants have been recorded comprising 265
native species (59%) and 180 introduced species (41%).
History of Waihekes vegetation kauri forests of the western end of the island had
Waiheke Island covers an area of 9320 ha in the disappeared.
Hauraki Gulf 20 km from Auckland. There is
surprisingly little in the way of published accounts of In 1826 the European onslaught against kauri began
the botany of Waiheke since the paper by Kirk (1878) when the barque St Patrick with the assistance of
which gives an idea of the original forest patterns. local Maori (Ngati Paoa) loaded kauri spars at Man O
There is not a great deal of native bush left now on War Bay. Up until the 1850s Maori willingly cut and
Waiheke following centuries of Maori occupation and dragged out kauri logs and Europeans carted them
cutting of the forests for timber and firewood and away. Soil erosion so evident today in western parts
clearing of the land for farming (White 2000; Chappie of the island was begun by Maori with their cultivation
Ebbett & Kitson 2001). Most of the remaining bush practices and massive earthworks for pa sites but was
remnants were surveyed and reported on by greatly accelerated by the European with their
Fitzgibbon & Slaven (1988). extensive forest clearance. Since the European arrival
many of the wetland areas on the southern side of the
Kauri {Agathis australis) tanekaha {Phyllocladusisland have increased considerably due to siltation
trichomanoides) and hard beech {Nothofagus truncata) after bare ground was exposed after the trees holding
were evidently present on upper valley walls ridges the soil together were felled. By about 1880 the hills
and spurs; taraire {Beilschmiedia tarairi) tawa {B.had been stripped bare for sheep farming with only
tawa) and kohekohe {Dysoxylum spectabile occurred the small remnants of forests restricted mainly to
in sheltered coastal and inland valleys with some rimu gullies the forests having been consumed
{Dacrydium cupressinum) present also. Pohutukawa consecutively by the needs of sailing ship technology
(Metrosideros excelsa) and occasional karo housing construction and the fires of Auckland.
(Pittosporum crassifolium) occurred on coastal slopes
and cliffs and the margins of forests by the sea. On During this early settler period kauri was transported
less exposed coastal slopes kohekohe puriri {Vitex to Sydney and Valparaiso Chile and sent to Auckland
lucens) and karaka {Corynocarpus laevigata) for house and furniture timber for the growing
accompanied pohutukawa. In poorly drained areas settlement there. It was also used for the building of
pukatea {Laurelia novae zelandiae) kahikatea Waihekes early homes and farm buildings. Small
{Dacrycarpus dacrydioides) and taraire were dominant. pockets of kauri were still being cut out as late as
Flax {Phormium tenax and various sedges occurred 1908. Puriri was used for house foundations fence
mainly in marshy places or on the borders of forests posts and battens. Tanekaha bark was stripped for use
(Kirk 1878; Fitzgibbon et al 1988). On the coast the in the tanning trade and the wood used as walking
forests would have given way to saltmarsh and sticks and fishing rods. Kauri gum was used in the
mangrove forest in tidal inlets and topingaospinifex manufacture of paint and polishes as kindling and
communities on mobile sand dunes. According to Kirk polished for gifts. Pohutukawa was used for the knees
hard beech was common at sea level. of vessels and for framing (Monin 1992).
The early Maori occupants of the island lived largely
off native fauna such as shellfish moa fur seals and Manuka and kanuka was extensively cut down for
the abundant fisheries of the Hauraki Gulf. Later on firewood and was the chief source of Aucklands
they developed more extensive gardening practices firewood. Kanuka was also used for fencing. Mamangi
burning forests for clearance and soil enrichment. This {Coprosma arborea) was quite numerous in several
slash and burn type of agriculture occurred mainly in localities but was usually left standing as it gives off an
the western parts of the island on areas of flat land unpleasant smell when burnt though it was
while in the east reliance was more on kaimoana occasionally used for inlays due to its peculiar yellow
seafood gathering. By the time of the European arrival colour (Kirk 1878). The unsuitability of this species as
kanuka {Kunzea ericoides) manuka {Leptospermum firewood may account for its dominance in various
scoparium) forest predominated in western Waiheke forest remnants in western Waiheke today. The steady
and climax forest including impressive stands of kauri decline in sheep farming on the island after 1945 has
was limited to the area from Awaawaroa eastwards to seen some areas slowly revert to kanuka/manuka
the Orapiu/Man O War Bay coast. Only tiny remnants regenerating forest and shrublands and has allowed
of climax forest remained west of this point and the
34forest remnants to revive. Much of the regenerating islets off Waiheke.
forest has sprung up since then.
The Auckland Botanical Society held an excursion to
Whakanewha Regional Park the park on 17 November 2001 and were joined by
Whakanewha Regional Park is contained within the several Waiheke residents.
Inner Gulf Islands Ecological District which lies within Locals: Andy Spence Don Chappie Rainelia Wylde
the Auckland Ecological Region. It was purchased for Graham Hooper Jaymz Hooper.
recreation and conservation development in 1993 and Bot Soci Mike Wilcox Maureen Young Lisa
added to the estate of some 22 parks administered by Clapperton Brian Cumber Doug Shaw Fawzi Karem
the Auckland Regional Council. Located on the western Morag McDonald Pam Carmont Pat
side of the island next to Rocky Bay and accessed via Harry
Gordons Road the park covers some 247 hectares Beecham Carol McSweeney Steve Cook Shelley
(Figure l ) . T h e history of the area is well documented Heiss Dunlop Alistair McArthur Fran Hinz Alison
(Anon. 1996) and as has aptly been put by Monin Wesley Juliet Richmond Shirley Smith Annette
(1992) "... at Whakanewha the spirit of countless Lindsay Sandra Jones Leslie Haines Sarah Flynn
Maori generations pervades the calm of an Allan Flynn Robin Gee.
undisturbed tidal beach ". Our route was along the Tarata Track to the Cascades
The main vegetation types are coastal forest and then down to the beach via the Nikau Track
followed by exploration of the coastal wetlands.
regenerating scrub wetlands and coastal beaches and
Further visits were made by the authors in December
shell banks. Clunie (1992a 1992b 1992c) Cutting &
2001 January 2002 (2) February 2002 and April
Green (1992) and Gardner (1995) have previously
2002.
reported on the vegetation and flora. Other
publications on the Waiheke flora relevant to Coastal forest and scrub
Whakanewha are the account of mosses by Jessica The dominant canopy trees in the remnant native bush
Beever (1995) and Mike Lees (1999) paper on some at Whakanewha are taraire and tawa frequently
accompanied by rewarewa
{Knightia excelsa) kohekohe
puriri and karaka. Typically the
canopy height is c. 16 rn. There
are also occasional northern rata
{Metrosideros robusta) pohutu-
kawa {M. excelsa) mangeao
{Litsea calicaris) matai {Prum-
nopitys taxifolia) rimu common
kowhai {Sophora microphylla) and
coastal kowhai {S. chathamica).
On the slopes downhill from
Rocky Bay is a line of seven large
puriri trees known as The
Cathedral" said to have been
planted by Maori residents in
ancient times. One giant karaka
tree is 22 rn tall and 90 cm
diameter. Kauri is scarce but the
few biggish trees recorded (we
have counted only four) appear to
be very vigorous.
The subcanopy and understorey
includes mamangi Wharangi
{Melicope ternata) mahoe
{Melicytus ramiflorus) hange-
hange {Geniostoma rupestre var.
ligustrifolium) mapou {Myrsine
australis) tarata {Pittosporum
eugenioides) nikau {Rhopalostylis
sapida) kawakawa {Macropiper
excelsum) and lancewood
{Pseudopanax crassifolium). The
Figure 1: Map of Whakanewha Regional Park Waiheke Island dominant tree ferns are silver fern
{Cyathea dealbata) and mamaku
35On shaded damp banks around
the Cascades stream and
waterfall or as epiphytes
conditions are suitable for filmy
ferns and Trichomanes
elongatum T. endlicherianum
T. venosum Hymenophyllum
flexuosum H. sanguinolentum
H. demissum and H.
flabellatum were recorded.
Hymenophyllum rarum has
been found in the swamp forest
area of the lower Cascades
stream.
Outstanding features seen
during the excursion were fine
examples of five finger
{Pseudopanax arboreus)
epiphytic on silver tree ferns
several exceptionally large
trees of lancewood {Pseudo-
panax crassifolius) natural
nursery patches of dense
regenerating seedlings of
Fig.2: Coastal forest dominated by taraire {Beilschmiedia tarairi Wharangi examples of the
(C. medullaris) whilst wheki {Dicksonia squarrosa) rare fern Lastreopsis velutina
occurs much more locally on moister sites. Coprosma a population of kiekie {Freycinetia baueriana subsp.
rhamnoides is a common twiggy shrub. Uncommon banksii) which is generally uncommon on Waiheke
small trees are kaikomako {Pennantia corym-bosa) and and regenerating kaikomako {Pennantia corymbosa).
milk tree {Streblus heterophyllus). The shrubby
The ground flora in the coastal forest is often quite
epiphyte Pittosporum cornifolium is sometimes seen
sparse but beside the tracks could be found some fine
perching high up in puriri trees.
flowering patches of hooded orchid {Pterostylis
An interesting mixed pole
hardwood forest occupies about
one hectare in the upper part of
the park. It is evidently a
successional stage after
manuka and now comprises c.
10 20 OOO stems/ha of mainly
mamangi and mapou 4 10 cm
in diameter and with a canopy
height of c. 8 m. Seedlings and
saplings of kohekohe and other
tree species are sprinkled
through the stand indicating
the likely composition of the
eventual high forest.
There are abundant
interspersed seral stands of
kanuka and manuka the
kanuka commonly being 8 9 m
in height with regenerating
mahoe rangiora {Brachyglottis
repanda) mapou kawakawa
mamangi and abundant silver
tree fern beneath. These stands
are generally festooned
beneath with climbing asparagus Fig.3: Open kanuka {Kunzea ericoides) forest with understorey of
{Asparagus scandens). silver fern {Cyathea dealbata)
36banksii) Acianthus sinclairii frequent Gahnia lacera Shell banks and beach
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp imbecilus Uncinia The sandy beach at Whakanewha is backed by shell
uncinata Carex breviculmis Carex spinirostris banks which have been colonised to various degrees
Diane/Ia nigra (in flower) Veronica plebeia by plants. On the sand itself there are a few patches of
Hydrocotyle dissecta Ranunculus reflexus Lobelia spinifex {Spinifex sericeus) and some planted pingao
anceps Hypericum humifusum H. japonicum {Desmoschoenus spiraiis).There is also a fine clump of
Dichondra repens Centella uniflora Euchiton planted Cortaderia splendens at the main picnic area
gymnocephalus and numerous ferns including The freshest shell banks have only a sparse
Asplenium lamprophyllum A. gracillimum Pteris vegetation with plants such as native ice plant
saxatilis P. macilenta and Doodia australis. The {Disphyma australe) beach celery {Apium
Australian sedge {Carex longebrachiata) is frequent prostratum) sea rocket {Cakile edentula) knob sedge
beside the bush tracks. It has persisted from the time {Isolepis nodosa) salt marsh tussock {Austrostipa
it was a prominent pasture weed when the land was stipoides) shore bind weed {Calystegia soldanella)
farmed. Nikau seedlings are abundant throughout. beach orache {Atriplex prostrata) Haloragis erecta
and Senecio lautus. Muehlenbeckia complexa is an
Damp places within scrub or forest support a community abundant scrambler in coastal sites throughout
of prostrate plants commonly Callitriche muelleri Whakanewha. Damper areas have abundant bachelors
Ranunculus amphitrlchus Juncus articulatus Isolepis button {Cotula coronopifolia) glasswort {Sarcocornia
reticularis and Schoenus maschalinus True "gumland" quinqueflora) Selliera radicans Samolus repens and
conditions are not present in Whakanewha but certain Isolepis cernua.
areas of shallower more impoverished clay soils have
some typical gumland species such as Lepidosperma The older more stable shell banks and beach have
australe Baumea tenax Lindsaea linearis and become colonised by numerous plants mostly
Gonocarpus incanus introduced prominent among which are buffalo grass
{Stenotaphrum secundatum) Gladiolus undulatus wild
The pa site above the beach is noteworthy for large onion {Allium vineale) rough clover (Trifolium
old trees of puriri ngaio {Myoporum laetum) scabrum) lesser suckling clover {T. micranthum)
kohekohe tawa taraire matai kowhai an impressive
smooth tare (Vicia tetrasperma) hairy birdsfoot trefoil
hinau {Elaeocarpus dentatus) and populations of
{Lotus suaveolens) hawkbit {Leontodon taraxacoides)
native passion vine {Passiflora tetrandra). A prominent
Avena barbata Poa pratensis Lagurus ovatus Bromus
weed there is herb Robert {Geranium robertianum).
diandrus Briza maxima Anagallis arvensis Anagallis
Moth plant {Araujia serie/fera) still persists despite
arvensis var. coerulea Arctotheca calendula Beta
strenuous efforts by the local park workers to
vulgaris Cichorium intybus Geranium molle Geranium
eliminate it.
purpureum Linum bienne Medicago nigra Melilotus
Fig.4: Shellbank and lagoon behind the beach with clumps of glasswort {Sarcocornia
quinqueflora) and tussocks of coastal needle grass {Austrostipa stipoides)
37indicus Osteospermum barberiae Polycarpon Within the forest are some sedge swamps the
tetraphyllum Ranunculus scleratus Senecio dominant species being Carex lessoniana C geminata
bipinnatisectus Senecio lautus Silene gallica Sonchus Carex virgata and Baumea tenax.
asper Trifolium repens and Verbascum creticum.
Damp open sites have native rushes Juncus There is a small bush clad rocky island in the
sarophorus J. australis and 1 edgariae. Wind grass Poukaraka wetland on which is growing a thriving
{Lachnagrostis filiformis) is common in places on population of the locally rare shrub Pomaderris rugosa.
stabilised shell banks while sand wind grass (L Elsewhere on Waiheke this species is known from the
billardieri) can be found occasionally on the sandy eastern coastal margin of Te Matuku Bay and it has
beach. recently been discovered on Rotoroa Island and a
small unnamed islet between Rotoroa and Ponui
Wetlands Islands. On the island at Whakanewha some 23 plants
Sheltered coastal estuaries are fringed by mangroves were recorded on 31 December 2001 all healthy and
{Avicennia marina var. australasica) and associated salt vigorous. The island also has numerous small trees of
marshes with shore ribbonwood {Plagianthus Wharangi and coastal kowhai and a good deal of
divaricatum shore rush {Juncus kraussi/ var. gorse though it is seemingly not posing a threat to the
australiensis) Juncus pallidus) Baumea juncea Samolus Pomaderris rugosa.
repens Selliera radicans Lilaeopsis novaezelandiae and
Apium prostratum subsp prostratum var. filiforme Two swamp species Hydrocotyle pterocarpa and
Triglochin striata Parapholis strigosa and Polypogon Ranunculus urvilleanus recorded by Gardner (1995) are
monspeliensis. The introduced Carex divisa as considered to be uncommon in the Tamaki Ecological
elsewhere in Auckland has heavily invaded the margins District
of the salt marshes. Growing also on the fringe is Coastal cliffs
clustered dock {Rumex conglomeratus) with reddish Pohutukawa trees cling to the greywacke cliffs which
fruiting heads and the more robust curled dock (/?.. also support colonies of Poa anceps and extensive
crispus). Swamp bindweed {Calystegia sepium) abounds patches of Peperomia urvilleana which is also locally
in wet areas. Where streams open out into the narrow plentiful at the base of trees above the Cascades
lagoons behind the shell banks are beds of Stream. Boneseed {Chrysanthemoides monolifer) is a
Bolboschoenus medianus together with Apodasmiacliff face colonist together with Rytidosperma
similis and with Cyperus ustulatus prominent on drier penicillatum Aira caryophyllea Dichelachne crinita
land at the back. Sea aster {Aster subulatus) is abundant Senecio hispidulus and Verbascum creticum.
in places.
Further upstream from the coast in the extensive 6 Rarity of certain native species at Whakanewha
hectare Poukaraka Wetland also known as the Rocky A noteworthy feature of the Whakanewha flora is that
Bay Wetland with increasingly freshwater conditions are a number of native species there which otherwise are
prominent beds of raupo {Typha orientalis) adjoining fairly common around Auckland were encountered by
extensive stands of freshwater club rush {Bolboschoenusus in just single colonies or occurrences and this was
fluviatilis) and flax {Phormium tenax). There is swamp after comprehensive traverses over the whole park.
millet (Isachne globosa) bulrush {SchoenoplectusThese locally rare species include Blechnum fraseri
tabemaemontani) Eleocharis acuta Isolepis prolifera Epilobium rotundifolium Gleichenia microphylla
Apodasmia similis Baumea juncea B. rubiginosa Juncus Hymenophyllum rarum Hypolepis distans (not known
effusus Carex virgata C secta C solandri where the elsewhere on Waiheke Island) and Laurelia novae-
forest joins the wetlands and occasionally C maorica zelandiae.
and patches of Paspalum vaginatum where the water isWeeds
brackish. Herbaceous dicot water plants in the It has to be said that weeds are something of a
freshwater upper reaches of the wetland include feature at Whakanewha. The worst of them is climbing
Polygonum salicifolium Ludwigia palustris Rorippa asparagus which is all too common in the kanuka
nasturtium aquaticum Myosotis laxa and Callitriche stands and open bush areas and has a strong grip.
stagnalis. About a dozen clumps of toetoe {CortaderiaCarex divisa is common through the salt marsh
fulvida) occur scattered about in a sea of freshwater fringes; Carex longebrachiata occurs abundantly
club rush. We were unable to reach these plants and the throughout the park all along the track margins;
possibility remains that it is C splendens. tobacco weed {Solanum mauritianum) honeysuckle
On the floodplain of the Cascade Stream as it nears its {Lonicera japonica) and moth plant {Araujia serie/fera)
outlet into the Poukaraka Wetland the ferns Diplazium rapidly invade disturbed bush sites; and infestations of
australe and Depariapeterseniiarecommonly found. In Smilax {Asparagus asparagoides) are particularly bad in
this area a lone pukatea {Laurelia novae zelandiae) the shell bank area where gorse and buffalo grass also
abound.
stands tall above thickets of grey willow {Salix cinerea)
and tobacco weed {Solanum mauritianum).
38Waiheke native species not recorded at Coriaria arborea Cyathea smithii Drymoanthus
Whakanewha adversus Earina autumnalis Grammitis billardierei
Several native plants occurring elsewhere on Waiheke Hebe macrocarpa Hymenophyllum dilatatum Lindsaea
Island but not yet recorded in Whakanewha are: trichomanoides Nestegis montana Nothofagus
Aristotelia serrata Arthropteris tenella Blechnum truncata Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Pteris
discolor Calystegia tuguriorum Cardiomanes comans Schizaea dichotoma Streblus banksii
reniforme Coprosma propinqua Cordyline pumilio Syzygium maire and Weinmannia silvicola.
Senecio lautus on shellbank Whakanewa Regional Park
Waiheke Island 13 Oct 2 0 0 1 .
Disphyma australe subsp australe on shellbank W h a k a n e w a Regional Park
Waiheke Island 13 Oct 2 0 0 1 .
39Species list
Legend: adventive pl. planted. Fern allies
Maori name Common name Lycopodium deuterodensum puakarimu club moss
Scientific name Lycopodium varium (= hanging clubmoss
iwituna
Ferns Huperzia varia) tassel fern
African club moss
Adiantum cunninghamii Puhinui common maidenhair ] Selaginella kraussiana
Selaginella
Adiantum diaphanum small maidenhair
Tmesipteris elongata a fork fern
Adiantum fulvum hairy maidenhair
Tmesipteris lanceolata a fork fern
Adiantum hispidulum rosy maidenhair
Tmesipteris tannensis a fork fern
Adiantum raddianum
Adiantum viridescens a maidenhair fern
Conifers
Anarthropteris lanceolata whare ngarara lance fern
Agathis australis kauri
mouku mouki
Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. hen and chickens Dacrycarpus dacrydioides kahikatea white pine
mauku
bulbiferum fern Dacrydium cupressinum rimu red pine
manamana
Asplenium bulbiferum subsp. hen and chickens Libocedrus plumosa kawaka pl. j
mouku
gracillimum fern Phyllocladus trichomanoides tanekaha celery pine
makawe o hanging spleenwort j Podocarpus totara totara
Asplenium flaccidum subsp.
raukatauri drooping Prumnopitys ferruginea miro brown pine
flaccidum raukatauri spleenwort Prumnopitys taxifolia matai black pine
Asplenium lamprophyllum
huruhuruwhenua
Dicot trees and shrubs
Asplenium oblongi folium parenako shining spleenwort
paretao Alectryon excelsus titoki
Asplenium polyodon petako sickle spleenwort Alseuosmia macrophylla toropapa native honeysuckle
blechnum chambersii rereti nini lance fern Alseuosmia quercifolia
[Blechnum filiforme panako thread fern Avicennia marina var.
manawa mangrove
[Blechnum fluviatile kiwakiwa creek fern australasica
Blechnum fraseri maukurangi miniature tree fern. Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire
Blechnum membranaceum Beilschmiedia tawa tawa
[Blechnum novae zelandiae kiokio & swamp Brachyglottis repanda rangiora
(incl. B. minus) kiokio Carmichaelia australis maukoro native broom
[Cyathea dealbata ponga silver tree fern Carpodetus serratus putaputaweta marble leaf
mamaku korau Coprosma arborea mamangi tree coprosma
Cyathea medullaris black tree fern
Coprosma areolata thin leaved coprosma j
jpitau
Deparia petersenii Coprosma grandifolia kanono
rough or harsh tree Coprosma lucida karamu shiny karamu
Dicksonia squarrosa Wheki tirawa
fern Coprosma macrocarpa
Diplazium australe Coprosma propinqua x robusta
Doodia australis Pukupuku rasp fern or macrocarpa
Gleichenia microphylla umbrella fern Coprosma rhamnoides twiggy coprosma
Histiopteris incisa Coprosma robusta karamu
Hymenophyllum demissum filmy fern Coprosma robusta x
Hymenophyllum flabellatum filmy fern C. rhamnoides
Hymenophyllum flexuosum filmy fern Coprosma spathulata
Hymenophyllum rarum filmy fern Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka
Hymenophyllum Cotoneaster glaucophyllus cotoneaster
piripiri filmy fern
sanguinolentum Dodonaea viscosa akeake
Hypolepis distans Dysoxylum spectabile kohekohe
Lastreopsis glabella smooth shield fern Elaeagnus x reflexa elaeagnus
Lastreopsis hispida tuakura hairy fern Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau
Lastreopsis microsora Entelea arborescens whau cork wood
Lastreopsis velutina velvet fern Eriobotryajaponica loquat
Lindsaea linearis Eucalyptus botryoides bangalay (pl.)
Lygodium articulatum mangemange bushmans mattress Sydney blue gum
Marattia salicina para king fern (pl.) Eucalyptus saligna
(Pl ) j
kowaowao Fuchsia excorticata kotukutuku tree fuchsia
Microsorum pustu/atum hounds tongue
Paraharaha [Geniostoma rupestre var.
Microsorum scandens mokimoki fragrant fern hangehange Maori privet
ligustrifolium
hard scented lace or [Griselinia lucida puka
Paesia scaberula matata
ring fern
pakauroharoha gully fern feather
•Hebe stricta koromiko
Pneumatopteris pennigera [Hedycarya arborea porokaiwhiri pigeonwood
piupiu fern
Polystichum richardii Pikopiko common shield fern [Hoheria populnea houhere lacebark
rahurahu rarauhe bracken Austral [Knightia excelsa rewarewa NZ honeysuckle
Pteridium esculentum
rarahu bracken Kunzea ericoides kanuka
sweet brake sweet Laurelia novae zelandiae pukatea
Pteris macilenta titipo
fern Leptospermum scoparium manuka tea tree
Pteris saxatilis a brake fern
Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi
Pteris tremula turawera shaking brake Leucopogon fraseri patotara dwarf heath
Pyrrosia eleagnifolia ngarara wehi leather leaf fern Himalayan
Trichomanes elongatum bristle fern Leycesteria formosa honeysuckle
(= Crepidomanes [Ligustrum lucidum tree privet
Trichomanes endlicherianum bristle fern
endlicherianum) Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet
[Litsea calicaris mangeao
Lophostemon confertus brush box (pl.)
Lycium ferocissimum boxthorn (Koi Is.)
40Macropiper excelsum kawakawa
Conyza albida
broad leaved
Melicope ternata Wharangi fleabane
Melicytus micranthus Conyza bilbaoana Canadian fleabane
Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe whiteywood Cotula coronopifolia bachelors button
Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa Crepis capillaris hawksbeard
Metrosideros robusta rata northern rata Erechtites valerianifolia Brazilian fireweed
Mida salicifolia Euchiton gymnocephalus creeping cudweed
Myoporum laetum ngaio Gamochaeta americana cudweed
[Myrsine australis mapou Gamochaeta spicata purple cudweed
Nestegis cunninghamii maire black maire Gamochaeta simpficicaulis tall cudweed
\Nestegis lanceolata maire white maire Helminthotheca echioides oxtongue
•Olearia furfuracea akepiro tanguru Hypochoeris radicata catsear
\Olearia rani heketara Lactuca serriola prickly lettuce
Paraserianthes lophantha brush wattle Lapsana communis nipplewort
Pennantia corymbosa kaikomako Leontodon taraxacoides hawkbit
[Pittosporum cornifolium •Osteospermum barberiae African daisy
Pittosporum crassifolium karo smooth Australian
Senecio bipinnatisectus fireweed
\Pittosporum eugenioides tarata lemonwood
Senecio diaschides fireweed
Pittosporum tenuifolium kohuhu
hairy Australian
Plagianthus divaricatus makaka swamp ribbonwood Senecio esteri fireweed
Polygala myrtifolia sweet pea shrub Senecio glomeratus
Pomaderris phylicifolia var. Senecio hispidulus
tauhinu
ericifolia Senecio minimus gravel groundsel
Pomaderris rugosa Senecio lautus shore groundsel
Pouteria costata tawapou Pl. Silybum marianum variegated thistle
Prunus persica peach prickly sow thistle
puahou whau Sonchus asper puha
Pseudopanax arboreus whaupaku
five finger
Sonchus oleraceus sow thistle
Pseudopanax crassifolius horoeka lancewood
Pseudopanax crassifolius x P. Other dicot herbs
horoeka lancewood hybrid
lessonii Acaena anserinifolia bidibidi
[Pseudopanax lessonii houpara Alcea rosea hollyhock
\Rosa rubiginosa sweet brier Anagallis arvensis scarlet pimpernel
\Rubus fruticosus agg. blackberry Anagallis arvensis var.
Salix cinerea grey willow blue pimpernel
coerulea
Peking corkscrew large leaved native
Salix matsudana Tortuosa willow Apium prostratum tutae koau
celery (erect)
Schefflera digitata pate sevenfinger Apium prostratum subsp. small leaved native !
Solanum aviculare poroporo prostratum var. filiforme celery (creeping) j
Solanum linnaeanum apple of Sodom Atriplex prostrata beach orache
tobacco weed woolly [Beta vulgaris wild silver beet
Solanum mauritianum nightshade
Cakile edentula sea rocket
Sophora chathamica coastal kowhai
Callitriche muelleri starwort
\Sophora microphylla kowhai
Callitriche stagnalis starwort
Streblus heterophyllus turepo small leaved milk tree
Centaurium erythraea centaury
\Ulex europaeus gorse
Centella uniflora pennywort
Vitex lucens puriri
Daucus carota wild carrot
Dichondra repens Mercury Bay weed
Dicot lianes
Disphyma australe subsp.
Araujia sendifera moth plant native Ice plant
australe
[Calystegia sepium pohue swamp bindweed
Duchesnea indica Indian strawberry
Calystegia soldanella nihinihi shore bindweed
Epilobium ciliatum tall willow herb
Clematis paniculata puawananga native clematis
Epilobium rotundifolium
Japanese
lonicera japonica honeysuckle Erodium moschatum musky storksbill
Metrosideros diffusa white climbing rata Euphorbia peplus milk weed
Metrosideros fulgens akatawhiwhi orange rata vine Galium aparine cleavers
Metrosideros perforata aka small white rata vine i Galium palustre marsh bedstraw
Muehlenbeckia complexa pohuehue Geranium homeanum cranesbill
Parsonsia heterophylla kaihua NZ jasmine Geranium molle dovesfoot cranesbill !
Passiflora mollissima banana passionfruit Geranium purpureum
Passiflora tetrandra kohia NZ passionfruit Geranium retrorsum cranesbill
[Rubus australis tataramoa swamp lawyer Geranium robertianum herb Robert
[Rubus cissoides tataramoa bush lawyer Gonocarpus incanus
Haloragis erecta toatoa
Composite herbs Hydrocotyle dissecta
Ageratina adenophora Mexican devil weed Hydrocotyle pterocarpa
Ageratina riparia mist flower Hypericum androsaemum tutsan
Arctotheca calendula cape weed Hypericum humifusum trailing St Johns wort;
Aster subulatus sea aster Hypericum japonicum
Bellis perennis daisy Lilaeopsis novae zelandiae
Chrysanthemoides monolifera Linum bienne pale flax
boneseed Linum trigynum yellow flax
Cichorium intybus chicory Lobelia anceps punakuru shore lobelia
Cirsium vulgare Scotch thistle Lotus pedunculatus lotus major birdsfoot trefoil
Lotus suaveolens hairy birdsfoot trefoil;Ludwigia palustris Freycinetia baueriana subsp.banksii
kiekie
Lycopersicon esculentum tomato
Lythrum hyssopifb/ia hyssop loosestrife Geitonoplesium cymosum (eradicated)
Medicago nigra bur medick Ripogonum scandens kareao supplejack
Melilotus indicus King Island melilot
Mentha x piperita peppermint Orchids
Mentha pulegium pennyroyal Acianthus sinclairii pixie cap
Modiola caroliniana creeping mallow Corybas cheesemanii spider orchid
Myosotis arvensis field forget me not Corybas macranthus spider orchid
Myosotis laxa water forget me not j Earina mucronata peka a waka bamboo orchid
Oenanthe pimpinelloides parsley dropwort Microtis unifolia onion orchid
Orobanche minor broomrape Pterostylis banksii tutu kiwi elfs hood orchid
Oxalis exilis Thelymitra longifolia sun orchid
Oxalis rubens coastal oxalis Thelymitra paudflora sun orchid
Parentucellia viscosa tarweed yellow bartsia(=Dendrobium)cunninghamii
Winika lad/s slipper orchid
Parochetus communis shamrock pea
Peperomia urvilleana Sedges
Physalis peruviana Cape gooseberry Baumea juncea
Phytolacca octandra inkweed Baumea rubiginosa
Plantago australis swamp plantain Baumea tenax
Plantago lanceolata narrow leaved Bofboschoenus fluviatilis
plantain kukuraho freshwater club rush!
Bolboschoenus medianus marsh club rush
Plantago major broad leaved plantain
Carex breviculmis
Polycarpon tetraphyllum allseed
Carex divisa salt marsh carex
polygonum salicifolium tiitanawai swamp willow weed j
Carex dissita carex bush sedge
Prunella vulgaris selfheal
Carex divulsa grey sedge
Ranunculus amphitrichus waorlki buttercup
Carex geminata toetoe rautahi cutty grass
Ranunculus reflexus
R. hirtus hairy buttercup Carex inversa creeping lawn sedge \
maruru Carex flagellifera tussock sedge
Ranunculus scleratus celery leaved buttercup
Carex lambertiana
Ranunculus urvilleanus buttercup Carex lessoniana cutty grass
Raphanus raphanistrum wild radish Carex longebrachiata Australian sedge
Rorippa nasturtium aquaticum Carex maorica
watercress Carex secta purei niggerhead
Rumex acetosella sheeps sorrel Carex solandri
Rumex conglomeratus clustered dock Carex spinirostris
Rumex crispus curled dock Carex virgata
sea primrose shore Cyperus brevifolius
Samolus repens maakoako pimpernel Cyperus eragrostis green umbrella sedge;
Sarcocornia quinqueflora toetoe upoko tangata
glasswort Cyperus ustulatus giant umbrella sedgej
(Salicornia australis)
golden sand sedge
Saliera radicans Selliera Desmoschoenus spiralis pingao
Sherardia arvensis field madder Eleocharis acuta sharp spike sedge
Silene gallica catchfly Gahnia lacera coastal cutty grass
Solanum americanum Gahnia pauciflora cutty grass
Solanum nigrum black nightshade Gahnia setifolia mapere cutty grass
Spergularia rubra sand spurrey Gahnia xanthocarpa tupari maunga cutty grass
Stellaria media common stitchwort Isolepis cernua slender clubrush
Stellaria parviflora native stitchwort Isolepis nodosa knobby clubrush
spreading hedge Isolepis prolifera
parsley
Torilis arvensis
Isolepis reticularis
Trifolium mieranthum lesser suckling clover Isolepis sepulcralis
Trifolium pratense red clover Lepidosperma australe square rush
Trifolium repens white clover Morelotia affinis
Trifolium scabrum rough clover
Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani bulrush
Verbascum creticum Cretan mullein
Verbena bonariensis purple top Schoenus maschalinus
Weronicapersica scrambling speedwell Uncinia banksii watau slender hook sedge j
Veronica plebeia forest veronica slender harsh hook j
Unciniadistans sedge
Vida sativa common vetch
Vitica tetrasperma smooth tare Uncinia uncinata kamu hook sedge
Vinca major periwinkle Uncinia zotovii hook sedge
Wahlenbergia violacea native hare bell
Rushes
Monocot trees and shrubs Juncus articulatus jointed rush
Cordyline australis kouka cabbage tree Juncus australis
Cordyline banksii ngahere forest cabbage tree Juncus bufonius toad rush
Rhopalostylis sapida nikau Juncus distegus
Juncus edgariae (formerly wiwI gregiflorus)
Monocot lianes
Asparagus asparagoides Smilax Juncus effusus soft rush
Asparagus scandens climbing asparagus Juncuskraussiivar.australiensis Wiwi sea rush
Juncus microcephalus
42Juncus pallidus Lolium rigidum annual ryegrass
Juncus planifolius Microlaena avenacea bush rice grass
Juncus prismatocarpus Microlaena stipoides patiti meadow rice grass
Juncus sarophorus Oplismenus hirtellus subsp.
slender panic grass
Juncus tenuis track rush imbecilus
Parapholis strigosa slender barb grass
brasses Paspalum dilatatum paspalum
Agrostis capillaris browntop Paspalum vaginaturn saltwater paspalum
Agrostis stolonifera creeping bent Pennisetum clandestinum kikuyu grass
Aira caryophyllea silvery hair grass Phalaris aquatica phalaris
Anthoxanthum odoratum sweet vernal Phleum pratense timothy grass
Arrhenatherum elatius tall oat grass Poa anceps
Austrostipa stipoides coastal needle grass Poa annua annual poa
Avena barbata bearded oat Poa pratensis Kentucky bluegrass
Axonopus fissifo/ius carpet grass Polypogon monspeliensis annual beard grass
friza maxima large quaking grass Rytidosperma penicillatum danthonia
Briza minor shivery grass Rytidosperma racemosum danthonia
fromus diandrus ripgut brome Schedonorus phoenix tall fescue
Bromus hordeaceus soft brome
Setaria gracilis
knot root bristle
Bromus lithobius Chilean brome grass
Bromus wildenowii prairie grass Spinifex sericeus kowhangatara silvery sand grass
foriaderia fulvida toetoe swamp toetoe Sporobolus africanus ratstail
Cortaderia jubata purple pampas grass Stenotaphrum secundatum buffalo grass
Cortaderia selloana pampas grass Vulpia bromoides hair grass
Cortaderia splendens toetoe coastal toetoe (pl.)
Critesion murinum barley grass Other monocot herbs
Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass Agapanthus praecox agapathus
Dactylis glomerata cocksfoot Allium vineale wild onion
Deyeuxia avenoides Apodasmia similis (formerly
oioi coastal jointed rush
Dichelachne crinita long hair plume grass Leptocarpus simplex}
Digitaria sanguinalis summer grass Astelia solandri kowharawhara perching lity
Ehrharta erecta veld grass Collospermum hastatum kahakaha perching lily
Eragrostis brownii bay grass Dianella nigra turutu NZ blueberry
Gastridium ventricosum nit grass Gladiolus undulatus wild gladiolus
Holcus lanatus Yorkshire fog Hedychium gardnerianum Kahili ginger
sachne globosa swamp millet Phormium tenax harakeke NZ flax
Lachnagrostis billardierei sand dune wind grass Triglochin striata arrow grass
New Zealand wind Tradescantia fluminensis wandering jew
Lachnagrostis filiformis Typha orientalis raupo bulrush
grass
Lagurus ovatus hares tail grass Watsonia bulbillifera Watsonia
Lolium multiflorum Italian ryegrass Zantedeschia aethiopica arum lily
Lolium perenne perennial ryegrass
Records of lower plants
M o s s e s (incorporating records from Peter floor mainly on exposed tree roots in Leucobryum candidum"milk moss".
Beveridge 24 26 March 2002) dark taraire forest. Dark green colour. Occasional patches on the ground in
Achrophyllum dentatum Fissidens curvatus var. curvatus forest and scrub.
Calomnion complanatum Fissidens leptocladus Macrocoma tenue
Camptochaete angustata Fissidens linearis var. angustifolius Macromitrium gracile
Camptochaete arbuscula Fissidens taxifoilus Form green tufted Orthorrhynchium elegans
Camptochaete pulvinata carpets on earth banks beside tracks. Papillaria crocea
Campylopodium medium Fissidens tenellus var. australiensis Philonotis tenuis
Campylopus clavatus Colonies in scrubland. Fissidens tenellus var. tenellus Ptychomnion aciculare Abundant colonies on
Campylopus introflexusThismoss occurs in Hypnodendron arcuatum Beside streams in the ground in manuka and kanuka
patches on bare shallow soil in manuka shady forest forming extensive colonies. areas.
scrub. Hypnum chrysogaster Racopilum convolutaceum On damp rocks
Catharomnion ciliatum Hypnum cupressiforme above Cascades.
Cryphaea chlorophyflosa Hypopterygium rotulatum A small umbrella Rhaphidorrhynchium amoenum
Cyathophorum bulbosum moss growing in conspicuous clumps on Rhynchostegium tenuifolium
Dicranoloma menziesii the forest floor. Ume green colour. Thamnobryum pandum Damp shady stream
Ditrichim difficile Leptostomum macrocarponpincushion banks
Distichophyllum pulchellum moss. Forms large clumps on the stems Thuidium furfurosum Common in grassy open
Echinodium hispidum Growing in large of nikau palms Cascade stream where it areas on the edge of tracks.
colonies near streams on the forest enters the Poukaraka Wetland. Thuidium sparsum
Wijkia extenuata
Zygodon minutus
Liverworts
Aneura alterniloba Forming thick green rather shapeless thalli on damp banks.
Archilejeunea o/ivaceaTaralre tree bark.
Heteroscyphus coalitus Commonly forming mats on damp ground beside tracks in the taraire forest.
Heteroscyphus furcistipulus Commonly forming mats on damp ground beside tracks in the taraire forest.
Lepidolaena clavigera Epiphytic with lichens on taraire bark.
43Lepidolaena taytorii Epiphytic in soft light green mats on trunks of taraire.
Pallavicinia xiphoides in tufts at edge of stream delta of Cascade Stream.
Plagiochila gregaria Toothed leaves. Male and female plants look different. Male has reduced branches. On damp rocks at Cascades.
Porella elegantula A beautiful quite large liverwort endemic to New Zealand. Generally epiphytic. It can occur in flat clumps several cm
across. Individual stems are up to 10 cm long pinnate. Olive green brown. On damp banks near the Cascades and on dead branches
in the Cascades Stream delta.
Radula marginata On bank along the Tarata Track.
Riccardia crassa Damp stream bank in delta of the Cascade Stream.
Schistochila balfouriana Clothing dark shady stream bank in bush along the Tarata Track.
SymphyogynaHymenophyllumDamp shady places on stream banks.
Symphyogyna tenuinervis Forms patches in damp shaded places near stream banks usually with the moss Hypnodendron arcuatum.
Trichocolea mollissima On ground in scrubland commonly with the moss Thuidium furfurosum.
Lichens Peltigera dolichorhiza Blackish crusts on damp ground.
We have not yet studied the lichen flora in any detail but have Pseudocyphellaria sp. On a fallen taraire.
noted the following: Ramalina celastri Fruticose. Common on shore ribbonwood twigs.
Chrysothrix candelaris A yellow powdery paint like lichen common Sticta latifrons Foliose. On dead branches and the bark of trees.
on kanuka trunks. Teloschistes chrysophthalmus Fruticose. Golden or orange yellow.
Cladina confusa reindeer lichen. It occurs on the ground in open Commonly epiphytic on mangroves and shore ribbonwood.
scrubland. Usnea sp. Fruticose. Epiphytic on trees.
Cladonia ramulosa Clay margins of Central track. Xanthoria parietina Yellow crusts on twigs of trees near the sea.
Parmotrema chinense Colonlser of bark.
Eumycota (True Fungi) Upland Track and a small kauri stand Cyclomyces tabacinus. Bracket fungus with
Studies of fungi have not before been above Cascades Stream. bands of brown turning black with age.
reported for Waiheke Island. During the Ca/vatia cyathiformislilacpuffball. On rotting wood throughout the Park.
course of preparing this article the authors Campground. Cyptotrama asprata Orange yellow cup with
made a start on identifying the many and Calvatia gigantea giant puffball. Recorded shaggy spine like surface white gills
diverse forms of fungi to be found at growing in deep mulch on Poukaraka shaggy yellow stem 20 30mm
Whakanewha. Rats in 2000. diameter and height. One seen on a
Camarophyllus apricosusAnorange wax twig in ground litter edge of Tarata
Agaricus arvensis horse or snowball gill. A colony above the Cascades Track.
mushroom. On Poukaraka Rats. Stream. A yellow unidentified wax gill Didymium squamulosum. A small spherical
Agaricus campestris var. field mushroom. also seen. fruiting body with or with out a stalk
Found in grassland on Poukaraka Rats Clavaria sulcata fairy clubs or flame fungus. 0.3 to 1 mm diam. When stalked to 1.5
in autumn. Bright salmon pink clubs irregular in mm high. Grey in colour.
Agrocybe parasitica tawaka poplar shape up to 70mm height growing from Entoloma?procerum Several in Cascades
mushroom. A partial veil covers the the ground. Found in mapou mamangi area.
gills of the young mushroom when forest above the Tarata Track Favolaschia calocera orange pore fungus. A
young and breaks away as the cup broadleaf forest above Tarata Track small but conspicuous tropical species
expands to its full extent leaving a and Cascades Stream and on the edge forming colonies on the dead and
dark brown pendulous ring. On the of the Upland Track (Omiha Reserve) rotting wood of a wide range of native
dead wood of tawa above the Tarata at the entrance to the Park. and exotic species throughout the Park
Track and at the base of a mangaeo Conchomyces bursaeformis White flat thin including the dead wood on living trees
above the Cathedral Track. kidney shaped fungus attached laterally and leaves in ground litter.
Amanita nothofagi Edge of Cathedral Track. to dead branches in broadleaf forests in Ganoderma aff. applanatum Hoof or shelf-
Aseroe rubra flower fungus. Member of the the Park. like bracket. Scattered throughout the
stinkhorn family. Upright white stem Cookeina colensoi cup fungus. Small (10 Park.
pink to reddish coloured arms 15mm dia 5 10mm height) shallow Ganoderma australe perennial bracket
spreading horizontally at the top. cup shaped fungi deep pink when fungus artist's conk. Shelf like bracket
Growing from the ground in the young becoming lighter pink with age scattered throughout the Park. Some
mamangi forest at the top of the attached to wood by short pleated large old brackets bottom of Cascades
Central Track and Poukaraka Rats. stem. On rotting wood in broadleaf Stream and on pa site.
Auriculariapolytrichahakeka ear fungus forest above the Cathedral Track and Hericium coralloides pekepeke kiore
wood ears. Light to dark brown Cascades Stream. fungus icicles. Much branched white
leathery ear shaped fruiting bodies. Coprinus micaceus mica or glistening ink coral like fungus growing on dead
Abundant on rotting wood throughout cap. A cluster found on a dead taraire wood. At base of Cascades Stream and
the Park. in the south eastern corner of the Park fallen in ground litter above the Tarata
Beauveria bassiana sugar icing fungus a and one above the Cathedral Track. Track.
species that parasitises insects killing Coprinus plicatilisJapanese umbrella. Hypholoma fasciculare sulphur tuft. A
them by feeding on their internal Mushroom to 50mm high cap folded group on the bank of the Cascades
organs. On cicadas in broadleaf forest like a fan. Growing from the ground in Stream.
above the Cathedral Track and bank of kanuka forest above Tarata Track. Ileodictyon Cibarium white basket or lattice
the Cascades Stream. Crepidotus sp. A small white species with fungus. Found on the edges of tracks
Biscogniauxia Capnodes var. rumpens brown gills when old and brown spore. in autumn particularly in clay.
(=Hypoxylon nummularium). A Found on nikau fronds in the Cascades Isaria {Cordyceps} sinclairii vegetable
charcoal black crust or sheet on wood Stream. cicada fungus a species that
black in section having the appearance Crinipellis procera horsehair. Stiff hair like parasitises cicada larvae growing from
of charred wood. Common on dead stem with tiny brown cap. Found the ground beside the Upland Track.
hardwood branches. growing on twigs and taraire leaves off Junghuhnia (= Flaviporus) browniiAflat
Bovista sp. A type of puffball. Found in the Tarata Track and Cathedral Track. sheet with bright yellow pore surface a
open grassland/herbfield bottom of Crucibulum laeve birdsnest fungus. Small distinctive species not commonly
Central Track and the firebreak below cream coloured cup shaped fungus found. Growing on the underside of a
Bella Vista Rd. with egg like pore bodies inside the rotting kanuka log at the bottom of the
Calocera cornea Yellow fingers growing cup. In mixed forest above Cathedral Upland Track.
from dead logs at the bottom of the Track and plantings outside the Park Lycoperdon sp. common puffball. Scattered
office. throughout the Park.
44Macrolepiota clelandii parasol mushroom. mushroom. On fallen tree above t h e branched fans. A colony growing from
Margins of t h e northern wetland. Cascades Stream. Other Pleurotus soil among moss on a shady damp
Macrolepiota rachodes shaggy parasol species seen but not identified. bank of the Cascades Stream
mushroom. On office planting mound. Podoscypha petalodes wine glass fungus. Stereum complicatum. Small rosettes
Notholepiota areolata. A white pouch Cap thin with different coloured bands attached in t h e centre with a ruffled
fungus. Stream bank of the upper of brown and ruffled margins formed margin. On fallen tree above Cascades
reaches of t h e Cascades Stream. into a wine glass shape stem short. On Stream.
Ottilia delicatula A small orange cup buried wood edge of Cathedral Track. Stereum fasciatum Bracket fungus in
fungus. On fallen trees in broadleaf Psathyrella sp. A pair in ground litter above shades of yellow and orange. A
forest above Cathedral Track and bank the Tarata Track. collection on a dead log at base of
o f Cascades Stream. Pycnoporus coccineus An orange bracket. Cascades Stream.
Oudemansiella australis This mushroom is On dead manuka at the south eastern Trametes versicolor rainbow bracket
white all over and often its white comer of the Park. Conspicuous bracket in many shades of
spores can be seen coating the wood Rosellinia sp. Tiny black sphere topped by a brown on dead wood scattered
underneath. I n broadleaf forest above nipple like bump. A colony on dead throughout the Park.
Tarata Track. wood in broadleaf forest above Tylopilus formosus Edge of Cathedral
Paurocotylis pila Small bright red potato Cathedral Track. Track.
like fungus without a stem growing Russula acrolamellata a yellow brown Weraroa virescens blue pouch fungus
from the ground along tracks in the russula. Common in kanuka forests. Edge of the Upper Cascades Track.
Park. Russula griseoviridis a green russula. Cap Xeromphalina tenuipes Cap orange brown
Phellinus robustus A woody cinnamon grey green with persistent filmy stem yellow brown gills pale cream no
brown hoof shaped bracket turning patches. A group of four in kanuka ring. On fallen hardwood trees south
black at the lower part of the fruiting forest in the south eastern corner. eastern corner and bottom of Upland
body. Two seen attached to fallen Russula macrocystidiata purple russula. I n Track.
manuka wood at the south eastern kanuka forest at the top of t h e Central Xylaria hypoxylon candlesnuff or stags horn
corner of the park. Track and in the south eastern corner. fungus. 20 25mm high branched
Physarum lateritium. A small spherical Scutellinia badioberbis an eyelash cup finger like stalks white tips grading to
fruiting body 0.3 to 0.7 mm diam with fungus. A colony on a fallen t r e e above black at the base. Colonies found
no stalk. Orange to red in colour Cascades Stream. scattered throughout the Park on dead
Pleurotus djamor { P. opuntiae) oyster Stereopsis hiscens Small white erect tree stumps.
Hypopterygium rotulatum a small umbrella moss growing in conspicuous clumps on the forest floor.
Whakanewha regional Park Waiheke Island. 9 January 2002.
Myxomycetes (Slime Moulds)
Myxomycetes are generally cosmopolitan in distribution and the particular species f o u n d in an area depend on available moisture and
habitat (Ing 1999). Specimens were collected o n 10 April 2002 and later identification by Clive Shirley.
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa Sporocarps effused up to 10 cm long white finger like to 4 m m high sparsely branched. A colony on decaying
wood above Tarata Track.
Hemitnchia calyculata Stalked sporangia found in small groups 1 3 mm high 0.5 1 m m diam. yellow to ochraceous. On decaying
wood bank of the Cascades Stream.
Hemitrichia Serpula Sporocarp to 15 mm long much branched and netted to 0.6 m m w i d e yellow. Capillitium elastic coiled yellow tubes.
On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Lycogala epidendrum Sporocarp aethalia clustered cushion shaped 4 7 mm diam. d a r k grey. On decaying wood Cascades Stream.
45Hemitrichia Serpula Sporocarp to 15 mm long much branched and netted to 0.6 mm wide yellow. Capillitium elastic coiled yellow tubes.
On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Lycogala epidendrum Sporocarp aethalia clustered cushion shaped 4 7 mm diam. dark grey. On decaying wood Cascades Stream.
Perichaena depressa Sessile sporangia flattened closely packed to adjacent sporangia becoming angular at point of contact. 1 1.5 mm
across dark brown to black. Capillitium yellow released from edge of sporangia. On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Physarum bogoriense Forms elongate plasmodiocarps in small groups dull yellow to brown 0.3 0.6 mm wide. Splitting along a line of
dehiscence to revel inner iridescent layer and spore mass with white lime crystals. On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Physarum globuliferum Stalked sporangia accruing in large numbers common spherical 0.4 0.7 mm diam 0.8 1.5 mm tall. White to
pale grey with white stalk. On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Physarum nutan. Stalked sporangia accruing also in large numbers common nodding lens shaped 0.4 0.7 mm diam. to 1.5 mm tall
white or pale grey with a dark stalk twice the diam of the sporangium. On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Physarum sp. (unidentified) On decaying wood Cascades Stream.
Physarum sp. (unidentified) On nikau petiole Cascades Stream.
Stemonitis sp. (unidentified) In leaf litter and soil Cascades Stream.
References Auckland Regional Council and Department of Conservation
Anon. 1996: Whakanewha Regional Park. Background Information. Auckland Conservancy. 7 pp. (unpublished).
Auckland Regional Council Parks Service. 52 pp. Day D. 1989: Waiheke Pioneers. Waiheke Historical Society.
Beever J. 1995: Mosses of Waiheke Island Hauraki Gulf Northern Gardner R. 0 . 1 9 9 5 : Survey of Three Wetlands in Whakanewha
New Zealand. Tane 35:113 120. Regional Park. Report to Regional Parks Auckland Regional
Chappie Don; Ebbett Rachel; Kitson Ivan 2001: Greening our Gulf Council. 10 pp. (unpublished).
Islands. A manual for native revegetation with special reference Fitzgibbon T. D.; Slaven D. C. 1988: Sites of ecological
to Waiheke. D. Chappie Hekerua Bay Waiheke Island. 52 p. significance Waiheke Island. Department of Conservation
Clunie N. NI. U. 1992a: The Whakanewha Block Waiheke Island: Northern Region Tech. Report Series No. 2.133 p.
The Vegetation and Potential Impacts of Developments. Report Ing B. 1999: The Myxomycetes of Britain and Ireland Richmond
for Auckland City Council. Clunie & Associates. 10 pp. Publishing.
(unpublished). Kirk T. 1878: Notes on the botany of Waiheke Rangitoto and
Clunie N. M. U. 1992b: Estuarine Wetlands Bordering the Beach at other islands in the Hauraki Gulf. Transactions and Proceedings
Half Moon Bay Waiheke Island. Report for Auckland City of the New Zealand Institute 11:444 454.
Council. Clunie & Associates. 6 pp. (unpublished). Lee M. 1999: Biota of seven islets off Waiheke Islands Inner Hauraki
Clunie N. M. U. 1992c. Kanuka Stands on the Whakanewha Block Gulf. Tane 37:99 136.
Waiheke Island. Report for Auckland City Council. Clunie & Monin P. 1992: Waiheke Island a history. The Dunmore Press
Associates. 9 pp. (unpublished). Palmerston North. 229 p.
Cutting Marjorie; Green Chris 1992: Ecological Assessment of the White P. 2000: Onetangi Reserve Management Plan. Hauraki
Whakanewha Block Waiheke Island Without Prejudice. Islands Branch Royal Forest & Bird Protection Society of NZ.
Acknowledgements
The authors have compiled the species list from their own field work aided by earlier reports on the Whakanewha Park by Nigel Clunie and
Rhys Gardner the draft species list (Anon. 1996) compiled by Brenda Greene Tom Stein Colin Ogle and Andy Spence and by
additions recorded by the Botanical Society group in November 2001. Peter Beveridge is kindly thanked for his contribution to the moss
records John Braggins for his help in identifying liverworts Peter Johnston and Peter Buchanan of Landcare Research for their
identification of some fungi specimens and Clive Shirley for identification of slime moulds.
Coastal fringe of f l a x {Phormium tenax) and nikau palm (Rhopalostylis sapida).
Whakanewa Regional Park Waiheke Island. 5 Jan 2002.
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