An overview of Directive 2015/996/EC
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Direction territoriale Est
An overview of
Directive 2015/996/EC
(CNOSSOS-EU)
for terrestrial sources
Guillaume Dutilleux
Acoustics Group, Laboratoire de Strasbourg, France
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)Introduction
Directive 2002/49/CE
2007 deadline
“Interim” methods
“Equivalent” methods
Consistency issues
Directive 2015/996/EC
(CNOSSOS-EU)
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
2Outline
Project organization
General aspects
Emission
Propagation
Populations
Pending issues
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
3CNOSSOS-EU project
2008 2012 2014 1.7.2015
Steering DG-JRC
Steering DG-Env Selection of
MS strongly
Extrium consortium JRC 2012
involved
MS (almost) not involved
8 active working Adoption by
Reference software NRC
groups
Assessing candidate methods
+ everything else ! Translation
Separation
between aircraft
3 parallel drafts of Annex II Publication
and other sources
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
4CNOSSOS-EU structure
Quality framework
Rail Road Industry
Emission Emission Emission
Aircraft
Noise
Terrestrial propagation
Population assignment
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
5CNOSSOS-EU in general
2 harmonized methods
Target: strategic noise mapping
Octaves from 63 Hz to 8000 Hz
Point source decompositions
2.5D path search
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
6Quality framework
Accuracy of input values
+/- 2 dB on the emission level of the source
No confidence interval provided
Use of default values
Not allowed unless disproportionately high costs
Quality of the software used for calculations
Compliance with the certification of results
against test cases
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
7Road emission 2 components
Reference conditions
•Flow type
•Gradient
•Temperature
•…
Rolling
Propulsion
Omnidirectional
sources
Speed-dependent spectrum
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
8Road emission - pavements
Reference pavement
•DAC 0/11 + SMA 0/11
•2-7 years
•Representative maintenance
condition
Real world pavements
•Table for Dutch pavements
•Computing new coefficients for
each vehicle category
• SPB measurements
• Converting existing models
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
9Road emission
Pavement emission not age-dependent
Unsteady flow-type close to intersections
only
Exercise caution on
tabulated data
(dBA)
Amax
L
paraison des corrections C1 et C2 pour le modèle CNOSSOS
A à 7.5m en niveau global pour les PL de catégorie 2 de la
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
10Railway emission
Directivity Aerodynamic
noise
!
!
41#!5 !6!0 !
! Propulsion
!
! noise
!!
!
!
!
#1"!5 !6!* !
!
Rolling
!!
!
noise
Horizontal Vertical
Bridge
Impact noise
Squeal
noise
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
11Railway emission
Digit 1 2 3 4
Descriptor Vehicle type Number of axles Brake type Wheel measure
per vehicle
Explanation A letter that The actual number A letter that A letter that
of the describes the type of axles describes the brake describes the noise
descriptor type reduction measure
type
h 1 c n
high speed vehicle cast-iron block no measure
(>200 km/h)
m 2 k d
self-propelled composite or sinter dampers
passenger coaches metal block
p 3 n s
hauled passenger non-tread braked, screens
coaches like disc, drum,
magnetic
c 4 o
city tram or light other
metro self-
propelled and non-
Possible self-propelled
coach
descriptors
d etc.
diesel loco
e
electric loco
a
any generic freight
vehicle
o
other (i.e.
maintenance
vehicles etc.)
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
12Railway emission
Rail roughness
Very small set of tabulated vehicles
Adapting to other (national) rolling stock ?
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
13Industrial sources
Geometry
Source types
Discretization rules
Sound power
Operating cycles
Directivity
Quite limited default database
Measurements are recommended
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
14Propagation – mean ground plane
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
15Propagation – ground absorption
Ground factor G
Defined for each ground element
Average along a path: Gpath
8
Close to the source >< G d
þ G
p
−
dp
if dp −
zs zr
path s
G′ path ð s þ zr Þ
z ð s þ zr Þ
z
>
:
Gpath otherwise
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
16Propagation – propagation
conditions
Upward refraction
Non refracting conditions
Downward refraction
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
17Propagation – 2 conditions
Downward conditions (F)
Homogeneous conditions (H) NICE
06h−18h N
18h−22h
22h−06h
330 ° 30 °
06h−22h
Safe-side estimate of upward refraction 300 ° 60 °
270 ° 90 °
20 %
Occurrences of downward refraction 240 °
40 %
60 %
80 %
120 °
Long term sound level 210 ° 100 %
180 °
150 °
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
18Propagation – Aboundary
For each octave band
No Diffraction ? Yes
Aboundary=Aground Aboundary=Adif
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
19Propagation – Aground,H
p fiffiffi
− wdp
þ wdpe
Cf ¼ dp
þ wdp
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
20Propagation – Aground,F
Aground,F=Aground,H for a different
geometry
Corrected
Source heights Turbulence Receiver
Floor
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
21Propagation – Adif - horizontal
Adif ¼ ∆dif ðS,RÞ þ ∆ground ðS,OÞ þ ∆ground ðOn ,RÞ
8
>
>
>
<
Ch þ C″δ if C″δ −
λ λ
∆dif
>
>
>
:
otherwise
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
22Propagation – Adif – vertical edges
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
23Propagation – Reflections
Vertical obstacles
Image sources
Absorption coefficient in
diffuse field EN 1793-1
Also available: attenuation by retrodiffraction
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
24Propagation – subset of NMPB
2008
Source NF S 31-133:2011
Simplifications
No reflection on embankment slope
No small barrier
No body barrier interaction for railway noise
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
25Populations: VBEB 2007
Two levels of information
Population data available
Population known at the scale of the building
Known at a more global scale
Data not available -> habitable surface
By flat
By building
By larger entity
Unknown
Allotment
Population at 4 m
At most 5 m broad segments at the receiver
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
26Conclusions
CNOSSOS-EU: a major step toward consistency
1 model for terrestrial sources
1 model for aircraft sources
A few pending issues for the member states
Input data for emission models
Road (pavements)
Railway (rail roughness, rolling stock)
Deriving occurrences from meteorological data
Quality assurance for software -> ISO 17534 series
Path finding algorithms not specified
G. Dutilleux - ARPA - 08/06/2016 – Alessandria (IT)
27Direction territoriale Est
Thank you for your attention
Guillaume Dutilleux
Groupe Acoustique
Laboratoire de Strasbourg
+33 3 88 77 46 07
guillaume.dutilleux@cerema.fr
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