VOCABULARY LIST PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST (PET) PRELIMINARY ENGLISH TEST FOR SCHOOLS (PETFS)
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VOCABULARY LIST Preliminary English Test (PET) Preliminary English Test for Schools (PETfS) PET Vocabulary List ©UCLES 2009
Introduction to the PET Vocabulary List
The PET Vocabulary List gives teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing
students for the PET and PET for Schools examinations.
Background to the List
The PET Vocabulary List was originally developed by Cambridge ESOL in consultation
with external consultants to guide item writers who produce materials for the PET
examination. It includes vocabulary from the Council of Europe’s Threshold (1990)
specification and other vocabulary which corpus evidence shows is high-frequency.
The list covers vocabulary appropriate to this level of English and includes receptive
vocabulary (words that the candidate is expected to understand but which is not the focus
of a question) and productive vocabulary (words that the candidate needs to know to
answer a question).
The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the PET and PET
for Schools question papers and candidates should not confine their study of vocabulary to
the list alone.
How the List is Updated
The vocabulary of English changes over time, with words being added and other words
falling into disuse. In order to maintain its currency, the PET Vocabulary List is updated on
an annual basis by the addition and removal of words, using a corpus-based approach.
Suggested additions to the list are collated and the frequency of these words is obtained
by reference to established corpora (electronic databases). The corpora in question
represent receptive and productive language in general contexts. The main corpora used
for the validation of the PET Vocabulary List are:
• the Cambridge Learner Corpus (CLC), which includes over 20 million words of written
learner English at six levels;
• the British National Corpus (BNC), which includes 100 million words of written and
spoken native speaker data.
Organisation of the List
• Word sets
Some categories of words that a learner at this level might be expected to know are not
included in the alphabetical list but are listed separately. Words formed with common
affixes, some compounds and words from some common word sets, e.g. days of the week,
are described below and in Appendix 1. Although some ‘grammar words’ (pronouns,
modals, etc.) are included, the ‘Language Specification’ section of the PET and PET for
Schools Handbook (available from from www.cambridgeesol.org) should be consulted for
a more complete listing.
• Exemplification
Example phrases and sentences showing how words might be used are given only where
words with different meanings need to be constrained, e.g. the use of case is limited to
‘suitcase’: candidates are not expected to know other meanings, such as ‘a legal case’.
Page 2• Prefixes and Suffixes
A list of possible prefixes and suffixes is provided in Appendix 2, and these may be
combined with the vocabulary items in the list as appropriate. Words with an affix which is
not included in the appendix are listed separately in the alphabetical list.
• Compound Words
Compound words are not included in the list where both individual words are present and
the meaning of the compound is literal and transparent, e.g. coursebook, schoolboy,
shoemaker, underwater. A similar approach has been adopted with two-word and
hyphenated compounds, for example coffee bar, leisure centre, home-made, open-air.
• Multi-word Verbs
Multi-word verbs are not included in the list if they have a literal meaning and are
composed of verbs and particles already in the list. Examples of ‘literal’ multi-word verbs
are come into, sit down, as in ‘Why not come into the kitchen and sit down?’ If the meaning
of the verb is not transparent, e.g. put through, get along, then the verb is listed and an
example of usage given.
• Topic Lists
In Appendix 3, words have been grouped together under common PET themes, such as
‘House and Home’, ‘Sport’, and ‘Food and Drink’ etc.
Unsuitable Topics
Cambridge ESOL examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upset
candidates, potentially affect their performance or distract them during the examination. A
number of ‘sensitive’ topics are considered unsuitable for use in PET, for example, war
and politics, and vocabulary relating to these is not included in the PET Vocabulary List.
Personal Vocabulary
The content of the PET Vocabulary List is general in nature and is unlikely to cover
completely the productive vocabulary that may be required by all candidates. Candidates
should know the specific lexis they will need to describe themselves and their lives, for
example, work, hobbies, likes and dislikes.
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in the PET Vocabulary List are:
abbrev abbreviation or acronym n noun
adj adjective phr v phrasal verb
adv adverb pl plural
Am Eng American English prep preposition
Br Eng British English prep phr prepositional phrase
conj conjunction pron pronoun
det determiner sing singular
exclam exclamation v verb
int interjection
Summary of Points to be noted
• The list does not include every word that may appear on a PET paper.
• The list covers receptive and productive vocabulary.
• The list is updated every year.
Page 3afraid (adj)
A after (prep)
afternoon (n)
ability (n) afterwards (adv)
able (adj) again (adv)
about (adv & prep) against (prep)
• about 500 students (adv) age (n)
• The film is about a small boy. (prep) aged (adj)
above (prep) agent (n)
abroad (adv) agency (n)
absent (adj) ago (adv)
accept (v) agree (v)
access (n) ahead (adv)
• disabled access aim (n & v)
• internet access air (n)
accident (n) air-conditioning (n)
accommodation (n) air force (n)
accompany (v) airline (n)
according to (prep phr) airmail (n)
account (n) airport (n)
accurate (adj) alarm (n)
ache (n & v) alarm clock (n)
achieve (v) album (n)
across (prep) alike (adv)
act (n & v) alive (adj)
• in the second act (of the play) (n) all (adj, adv, det & pron)
• to act in a play (v) all right/alright (adv)
• to act strangely (v) allow (v)
action (n) almost (adv)
active (adj) alone (adv & adj)
activity (n) along (adv & prep)
actor (n) aloud (adv)
actress (n) alphabet (n)
actual (adj) already (adv)
ad (advertisement) (n) also (adv)
add (v) although (conj)
addition (n) altogether (adv)
• in addition always (adv)
additional (adj) a.m. (adv)
address (n) amazed (adj)
admire (v) amazing (adj)
admission (n) ambassador (n)
• charges/cost/price ambition (n)
admit (v) ambulance (n)
adult (adj & n) among (amongst) (prep)
advanced (adj) amount (n)
advantage (n) amusing (adj)
adventure (n) ancient (adj)
advert (n) and (conj)
advertise (v) angry (adj)
advertisement (n) animal (n)
advice (n) ankle (n)
advise (v) anniversary (n)
aeroplane (n) announce (v)
afford (v) announcement (n)
annoy (v)
Page 4annual (adj) athletics (n)
another (det & pron) atmosphere (n)
answer (n & v) attach (v)
answerphone (n) attack (n & v)
antique (adj & n) attempt (v)
anxious (adj) attend (v)
any (det & pron) attention (n)
anybody (pron) attitude (n)
anyhow (adv) attract (v)
anyone (pron) attraction (n)
anything (pron) attractive (adj)
anyway (adv) audience (n)
anywhere (adv) aunt (n)
apart from (prep) automatically (adv)
apartment (n) available (adj)
apologise (v) average (adj & n)
apology (n) avoid (v)
appear (v) awake (adj)
appearance (n) away (adv)
apple (n) awful (adj)
application (n)
apply (v)
appointment (n)
approach (v)
B
approve (v)
architect (n) baby (n)
area (n) back (adv, adj & n)
argue (v) background (n)
arm (n) backpack (n)
armchair (n) backwards (adv)
army (n) bad (adj)
around (adv & prep) bag (n)
arrange (v) baggage (n)
arrest (v) bake (v)
arrival (n) balance (n & v)
arrive (v) balcony (n)
art (n) bald (adj)
article (n) ball (n)
artist (n) ballet (n)
as (conj & prep) balloon (n)
as well (adv) banana (n)
as well as (prep) band (n)
ashamed (adj) bandage (n)
ask (v) bank (n)
asleep (adj) bank balance (n)
aspirin (n) banknote (n)
assistant (n) bar (n)
at (prep) barbecue (n & v)
at all (prep phr) bare (adj)
at first (prep phr) base on (phr v)
at last (prep phr) baseball (n)
at least (prep phr) basement (n)
at once (prep phr) basic (adj)
at present (prep phr) basin (n)
at the same time (prep phr) basket (n)
athlete (n) basketball (n)
Page 5bat (n) bleed (v)
bath (n & v) blind (adj & n)
bathroom (n) block (n)
battle (n) • block of flats
bay (n) blond(e) (adj & n)
be (v) blood (n)
beach (n) blouse (n)
bean (n) blow (n & v)
bear (n) blue (adj)
beard (n) board (n & v)
beat (v) boarding pass (n)
beautiful (adj) boat (n)
because (conj) body (n)
because of (prep phr) boil (v)
become (v) bold (adj)
bed (n) bomb (n & v)
bedroom (n) bone (n)
bee (n) book (n & v)
beef (n) booking office (n)
before (prep, adv & conj) bookshelf (n)
begin (v) bookshop (n)
behave (v) boot (n)
behind (prep & adv) • leather boots
believe (v) • the boot of the car
bell (n) border (n)
belong (v) bored (adj)
belongings (n) boring (adj)
below (adv & prep) born (adj)
belt (n) borrow (v)
bend (n & v) boss (n)
beneath (adv & prep) both (pron & det)
benefit (n & v) bottle (n)
beside (prep) bottom (n)
between (prep & adv) bowl (n)
beyond (prep & adv) box (n & v)
bicycle (n) boy (n)
big (adj) boyfriend (n)
bike (n) brain (n)
bill (n) brake (n & v)
• electricity bill branch (n)
bin (n) brave (adj)
biography (n) bread (n)
biology (n) break (n & v)
bird (n) break down (phr v)
birth (n) • The car has broken down.
birthday (n) break in (phr v)
biscuit (n) • Someone broke in and stole the
bit (n) computer.
bite (n & v) break up (phr v)
bitter (adj) • When does school break up?
black (adj) • The pop group has broken up.
blackboard (n) breakfast (n)
blame (n & v) breath (n)
blank (adj) breathe (v)
• a blank piece of paper brick (n)
blanket (n)
Page 6bridge (n) café/cafe (n)
brief (adj) cage (n)
bright (adj) cake (n)
brilliant (adj) calculator (n)
bring (v) calendar (n)
bring up (phr v) call (n & v)
• She was brought up in London. call for (phr v)
broad (adj) • I’ll call for you at 7.
brochure (n) call in (phr v)
brother (n) • She called in to see a friend.
brown (adj) calm (adj)
brush (n & v) camel (n)
bucket (n) camera (n)
buffet (adj & n) camp (n & v)
bug (n) campsite (n)
build (v) can (n)
building (n) canal (n)
bulb (n) cancel (v)
• light bulb candidate (n)
bull (n) candle (n)
bullet (n) canteen (n)
bureau (n) cap (n)
burger (n) capital (adj)
burglar (n) • capital city
burglary (n) • capital letter
burn (n & v) captain (n)
bury (v) car (n)
bus (n) carry out (phr v)
business (n) car park (n)
bus station (n) card (n)
bus stop (n) • birthday card
busy (adj) • credit card
but (conj) • identity (ID) card
butcher (n) • playing card
butter (n) cardboard (adj & n)
button (n) care (n & v)
buy (v) • take care of someone (n)
by (prep) • to care (about/for) someone/something
by accident (prep phr) (v)
by all means (prep phr) career (n)
by hand (prep phr) carpet (n)
by mistake (prep phr) carrot (n)
by name (prep phr) carry (v)
carry on (phr v)
• He carried on walking despite the rain.
cartoon (n)
case (n)
• suitcase
cash (n & v)
C cassette (n)
cassette player/recorder (n)
castle (n)
cab (n)
cat (n)
cabbage (n)
catch (v)
cabin (n)
cathedral (n)
cable (n)
Page 7cauliflower (n) chips (n)
cause (n & v) chocolate (n)
cave (n) choice (n)
CD (n) choose (v)
CD-Rom (n) church (n)
ceiling (n) cinema (n)
celebrate (v) circle (n)
celebration (n) circus (n)
celery (n) city (n)
cellar (n) clap (v)
cent (n) class (n)
centimetre (cm) (n) • language class
central (adj) • first class, second class
central heating (n) classical (adj)
centre (n) • classical music
century (n) classroom (n)
cereal (n) clean (adj & v)
certain (adj) clear (adj & v)
certificate (n) clever (adj)
chain (n) click (v)
chair (n & v) cliff (n)
chalk (n) climate (n)
challenge (n & v) climb (v)
champion (n) clinic (n)
chance (n) cloakroom (n)
change (n & v) clock (n)
changing room (n) close (adj, adv & v)
channel (n) cloth (n)
chapter (n) clothes (n pl)
character (n) cloud (n)
charge (n & v) club (n)
chat (n) • to join a club
cheap (adj) coach (n)
cheat (v) coal (n)
check (n & v) coast (n)
check in (phr v) coat (n)
• They checked in to a hotel. cocoa (n)
check out (phr v) coconut (n)
• He checked out of the hotel at the end coffee (n)
of his stay. coin (n)
checkout (n) cola (n)
cheerful (adj) cold (adj & n)
cheers! (exclam) collar (n)
cheese (n) colleague (n)
chef (n) collect (v)
chemist (n) collection (n)
chemistry (n) college (n)
cheque (n) colour (n & v)
chess (n) comb (n & v)
chest (n) come (v)
chicken (n) come down (phr v)
chief (adj) • The house had come down in price.
child (n) come on (phr v)
childhood (n) • Come on or we'll miss the bus.
chimney (n) comedy (n)
chin (n)
Page 8comedian (n) correction (n)
comfort (n) corridor (n)
comfortable (adj) cost (n & v)
comic (adj & n) costume (n)
command (v) cottage (n)
commercial (adj) cotton (n)
committee (n) cough (n & v)
common (adj) count (v)
• a common surname country (n)
• have something in common countryside (n)
communicate (v) couple (n)
communication (n) courage (n)
compact (adj) course (n)
company (n) • English course
compare (v) • main course
comparison (n) • of course (exclam)
compete (n) court (n)
competition (n) • law court
complain (v) • tennis court
complaint (n) cousin (n)
complete (v) cover (n & v)
complicated (adj) cow (n)
composition (n) crash (n & v)
computer (n) crazy (adj)
concentrate (v) cream (adj & n)
concert (n) create (v)
conclusion (n) creative (adj)
condition (n) creature (n)
• in good condition credit (n)
conference (n) • credit card
confident (adj) crew (n)
confirm (v) crime (n)
congratulations! (exclam) criminal (n)
connect (v) cross (n & v)
connection (n) crossing (n)
consider (v) • pedestrian crossing
consist (v) cross out (phr v)
consul (n) • Cross it out and write it again.
consulate (n) crossroads (n)
contact (n & v) crowd (n)
contain (v) crowded (adj)
contents (n) crown (n)
continent (n) cruel (adj)
continue (v) cruise (v)
contract (n) cry (n & v)
control (n & v) cucumber (n)
convenient (adj) cultural (adj)
conversation (n) culture (n)
cook (n & v) cup (n)
cooker (n) cupboard (n)
cookie (n) (Am Eng) cure (n & v)
cool (adj & v) curious (adj)
copy (n & v) curly (adj)
corn (n) currency (n)
corner (n) current (adj)
correct (adj & v)
Page 9curriculum (n) • a degree in maths
curriculum vitae/CV (n) delay (n & v)
curry (n) delighted (adj)
curtain (n) deliver (v)
curve (n & v) delivery (n)
cushion (n) demand (n & v)
custom (n) demonstration (n)
customs (n pl) dentist (n)
customs officer (n) depart (v)
customer (n) department (n)
cut (n & v) departure (n)
cut up (phr v) depend (v)
• She cut up the cake into small pieces. • It depends on what you want to do.
cute (adj) deposit (n)
cycle (n & v) • pay a deposit
depressed (adj)
D depth (n)
• the depth of the water
describe (v)
dad (n) description (n)
daddy (n) desert (n)
daily (adj & adv) deserve (v)
damage (n & v) design (n & v)
damp (adj) desk (n)
dance (n & v) despite (prep)
danger (n) dessert (n)
dangerous (adj) destination (n)
dark (adj & n) destroy (v)
date (n & v) detail (n)
• today’s date (n) detective (n)
daughter (n) develop (v)
day (n) diagram (n)
dead (adj) dial (v)
deaf (adj) diary (n)
deal (with) (v) dictionary (n)
dear (adj & exclam) die (v)
• too dear to buy (adj) diet (n & v)
• Dear Sir (adj) differ (v)
• Oh dear! (exclam) difference (n)
death (n) different (adj)
decide (v) difficult (adj)
decimal (adj & n) difficulty (n)
decision (n) dig (v)
declare (v) digital (adj)
deck (n) dining room (n)
• the deck of a boat dinner (n)
decrease (n & v) diploma (n)
deejay / DJ (n) direct (adj & v)
deep (adj & adv) direction (n)
defeat (n & v) director (n)
defence (n) directory (n)
defend (v) • a telephone directory
definitely (adv) dirt (n)
degree (n) disabled (adj)
• 90 degrees disadvantage (n)
Page 10disagree (v) drum (n)
disappear (v) dry (adj & v)
disappoint (v) dry cleaning (n)
disc/disk (n) duck (n)
• compact disc/CD due (adj)
• hard disk • The next bus is due in five minutes.
• floppy disk due to (prep phr)
disco(theque) (n) dull (adj)
discount (n) during (prep)
discover (v) dust (n & v)
discuss (v) dustbin (n)
discussion (n) duty (n)
disease (n) duty-free (adj)
disgusting (adj) duvet (n)
dish (n) DVD (n)
dishwasher (n) DVD player (n)
dislike (n & v)
display (n & v)
distance (n)
E
distant (adj)
district (n) each (det & pron)
disturb (v) ear (n)
dive (v) earache (n)
divide (v) early (adj)
dizzy (adj) earn (v)
do (v) earring (n)
doctor/Dr (n) earth (n)
document (n) east (adj, adv & n)
documentary (adj & n) eastern (adj)
dog (n) easy (adj)
doll (n) eat (v)
dollar (n) economics (n)
dolphin (n) edge (n)
door (n) educate (v)
double (adj) education (n)
doubt (n & v) effect (n)
down (adv & prep) efficient (adj)
download (n & v) effort (n)
downstairs (adv) egg (n)
dozen (n) either (adv, det, pron & conj)
drama (n) elderly (n & adj)
draw (v) elect (v)
• to draw a picture of someone or election (n)
something electric (adj)
• to draw the curtains electrical (adj)
• to draw near electricity (n)
drawer (n) electronic (adj)
dream (n & v) elementary (adj)
dress (n & v) elephant (n)
dressing (n) else (adv)
drink (n & v) email (n & v)
drive (n & v) embarrassed (adj)
driving licence (n) embarrassing (adj)
drop (n & v) embassy (n)
drugstore (n) (Am Eng) emergency (n)
employ (v)
Page 11employee (n) exciting (adj)
employment (n) excuse (n & v)
empty (adj & v) exercise (n & v)
encourage (v) exhibition (n)
end (n & v) exist (v)
end up (phr v) exit (n)
enemy (n) expect (v)
engaged (adj) expedition (n)
• to be engaged to someone expensive (adj)
• The phone was engaged. experience (n)
engine (n) experiment (n & v)
engineer (n) expert (n)
enjoy (v) explain (v)
enormous (adj) explanation (n)
enough (adv, det & pron) explode (v)
enquiry (n) explore (v)
enter (v) extra (adj & adv)
entertain (v) extraordinary (adj)
entertaining (adj) extremely (adv)
entertainment (n) eye (n)
entrance (n)
entry (n)
envelope (n)
F
environment (n)
equal (adj) face (n)
equipment (n) • a sad look on his face
escalator (n) facility (n)
escape (n & v) • The hotel has excellent facilities.
especially (adv) fact (n)
essay (n) factory (n)
essential (adj) fail (v)
euro/Euro (n) failure (n)
even (adv) faint (adj & v)
• He couldn't even do that. fair (adj & n)
evening (n) fairly (adv)
event (n) faithfully (adv)
ever (adv) fall (n & v)
every (adj) (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: autumn)
everybody (pron) false (adj)
everyone (pron) familiar (with) (adj)
everything (pron) family (n)
everywhere (adv) famous (adj)
exact (adj) fan (n)
examine (v) fantastic (adj)
examination/exam (n) far (adv)
example (n) fare (n)
excellent (adj) • The return fare is £26.
except (prep, conj) farm (n & v)
excitement (n) fascinate (v)
exchange (n) fashion (n)
• an exchange visit fast (adj & adv)
• in exchange for fasten (v)
exchange (v) fat (adj & n)
exchange rate (n) father (n)
excited (adj) fault (n)
favour (n)
Page 12favourite (adj & n) float (v)
fax (n & v) flood (n & v)
fear (n) floor (n)
fee (n) flour (n)
feed (v) flow (n & v)
feel (v) flower (n)
feel like (v) flu (n)
• to feel like doing something flute (n)
female (adj) fly (n & v)
fence (n) fog (n)
ferry (n) fold (v)
festival (n) folk (adj & n)
fetch (v) follow (v)
fever (n) following (adj)
few (adj) fond (adj)
fiancé(e) (n) • to be fond of something/someone
fiction (n) food (n)
field (n) fool (n)
fight (n & v) foot (n)
figure (n) football (n)
fill (v) for (prep)
fill in (phr v) forbid (v)
• You need to fill in a form. force (n)
fill up (phr v) forecast (n & v)
• He filled up the car with petrol. foreign (adj)
film (n & v) foreigner (n)
film maker (n) forest (n)
film star (n) forever (adv)
final (adj & n) forget (v)
financial (adj) forgive (v)
find (v) fork (n)
find out (phr v) form (n)
• I must find out when he’s arriving. former (adj)
fine (adj, n & v) fortnight (n)
finger (n) fortunately (adv)
finish (n & v) forward(s) (adv)
fire (n) fountain (n)
firefighter (n) free (adj)
firm (adj & n) freeze (v)
• firm ground (adj) freezer (n)
• a good firm to work for (n) French fries (n) (Am Eng)
first (adj, adv & pron) frequent (adj)
• first name (adj) fresh (adj)
• first of all (adv) fridge (n)
• He was the first. (pron) friend (n)
fish (n & v) frighten (v)
fit (adj & v) from (prep)
• keep fit (adj) front (adj & n)
• These shoes don't fit. (v) frontier (n)
fitness (n) frost (n)
fix (v) fruit (n)
flag (n) fry (v)
flat (adj & n) frying pan (n)
flight (n) fuel (n)
flight attendant (n) full (adj)
full time (adv)
Page 13full-time (adj) • What time do you get up in the
fun (n) morning?
funny (adj) gift (n)
• a funny story (amusing) giraffe (n)
• a funny thing happened (strange) girl (n)
furnished (adj) girlfriend (n)
furniture (n) give (v)
further (adv & adj) give back (phr v)
future (adj & n) • Give me back this book on Tuesday,
please.
give in (phr v)
G • Have you given in your homework yet?
• Do you give in?
gallery (n) give out (phr v)
• an art gallery • Will you give out these papers for me,
gain (v) please?
• gain experience give up (phr v)
game (n) • Has David given up playing tennis?
gap (n) give way (phr v)
garage (n) • You must give way to traffic at a
garden (n) roundabout.
gas (n) glad (adj)
• a gas cooker glance (n & v)
• to put some gas in the car (Am Eng) glass (n)
(Br Eng: petrol) glasses (n pl)
gate (n) global warming (n)
general (adj) glove (n)
generation (n) go (v)
generous (adj) go for (phr v)
gentle (adj) • He went for the job.
gentleman (n) • The dog went for the man.
geography (n) go off (phr v)
get (v) • They went off to Australia.
get along (with) (phr v) • Suddenly the lights went off.
• How do you get along with Harry? go on (phr v)
get back (phr v) • The meeting went on until six o'clock.
• When did you get back from New • What's going on?
York? go out (phr v)
get down (phr v) • The fire has gone out.
• Get down at once! • Are you going out with Thomas
• Did you get all the notes down? tonight?
get in (phr v) go with (phr v)
• Can you get in through the window? • Your tie doesn't go with your shirt.
get off (phr v) goal (n)
• We get off at the next stop. goat (n)
get on (phr v) gold (adj & n)
• Get your coat on and then we can golf (n)
leave. good (adj)
• How are you getting on now? • The film was very good.
get on (with) (phr v) • to be good at maths
• She got on with her work. goodbye (exclam)
• I’m getting on well with French. good-looking (adj)
• Do you get on well with Sam? goodnight (exclam)
get rid of (phr v) goods (n pl)
get up (phr v) govern (v)
Page 14government (n) hammer (n & v)
grade (n) hand (n & v)
gram(me) (n) hand-held (adj)
grammar (n) hand in (phr v)
grandchild (n) • Please hand in the answer sheet when
grand(d)ad (n) you’ve finished.
granddaughter (n) hand out (phr v)
grandfather (n) • Hand out the books please, Tom.
grandma (n) handbag (n)
grandmother (n) handkerchief (n)
grandpa (n) handle (n & v)
grandparent (n) handsome (adj)
grandson (n) handwriting (n)
grant (n) hang (v)
• He was given a grant to study in • to hang a picture
Australia. (n) hang out (phr v)
grape (n) • to hang out with friends
grass (n) hang up (phr v)
grateful (adj) • She hung up at the end of the phone
great (adj) call.
green (adj) happen (v)
greengrocer (n) happy (adj)
grey (adj) harbour (n)
grill (n & v) hard (adj & adv)
grocer (n) hardly (adv)
ground (adj & n) • hardly any time
group (n & v) • He could hardly wait.
grow (v) hat (n)
grow up (phr v) hate (n & v)
• Children grow up fast. have (v)
guard (n & v) have got (v)
guess (n & v) he (pron)
guest (n) head (n & v)
guest-house (n) • to hit one's head (n)
guide (n & v) • the head of the company (n)
guidebook (n) • The child was sent to see the Head
guilty (adj) Teacher. (n)
guitar (n) • to head a ball (v)
gum (n) headache (n)
• chewing gum headline (n)
• sore gums health (n)
gun (n) hear (v)
guy (n) heart (n)
gym(nastics) (n) heat (n & v)
hedge (n)
H heavy (adj)
height (n)
helicopter (n)
habit (n) hello/hallo (exclam)
hair (n) helmet (n)
haircut (n) help (n & v)
hairdresser (n) her (det & pron)
hairdryer (n) here (adv)
half (adj, adv & n) hero (n)
hall (n) hers (pron)
hallo/hello (exclam)
Page 15herself (pron)
hide (v) I
high (adj & adv)
hill (n) I (pron)
him (pron) ice (n)
himself (pron) ice cream (n)
hire (v & n) ice hockey (n)
• to hire a boat (v) idea (n)
• for hire (n) identity (n)
his (det & pron) • identity (ID) card
historic (adj) if (conj)
historical (adj) ill (adj)
history (n) illness (n)
hit (n & v) imagination (n)
• The song was a great hit. (n) imagine (v)
• to hit the ball (v) immediate (adj)
hitch-hike (v) immediately (adv)
hobby (n) immigration (n)
hockey (n) import (v)
hold (v) importance (n)
hold up (phr v) important (adj)
• He was held up in the heavy traffic for impossible (adj)
over two hours. improve (v)
hole (n) in (adv & prep)
holiday (n) in advance (prep phr)
home (adv & n) in any case (prep phr)
homepage (n) in case of (prep phr)
homework (n) • in case of fire
honest (adj) • in case of delays
honey (n) in danger (prep phr)
hope (n & v) in the end (prep phr)
horrible (adj) in fact (prep phr)
horse (n) in front of (prep phr)
hospital (n) in half (prep phr)
hostel (n) in ink (prep phr)
hot (adj) in love (prep phr)
hotel (n) in order (prep phr)
hour (n) in order to (prep phr)
house (n) in pencil (prep phr)
housewife (n) in pieces (prep phr)
housework (n) in place (prep phr)
hovercraft (n) in private (prep phr)
how (adv) in public (prep phr)
how much (adv) in stock (prep phr)
however (adv) in time (prep phr)
huge (adj) in turn (prep phr)
human (adj & n) in two (prep phr)
hunger (n) include (v)
hungry (adj) income (n)
hurry (n & v) incorrect (adj)
hurt (adj & v) increase (n & v)
husband (n) indeed (adv)
hut (n) independent (adj)
hydrofoil (n) index (n)
• the index of a book
individual (adj & n)
Page 16indoor (adj)
indoors (adv)
industry (n) J
influence (n & v)
inform (v) jacket (n)
information (n) jail (n) (Am Eng) (Br. Eng: prison)
ingredients (n) jam (n)
inhabitant (n) • strawberry jam
initial (n) • traffic jam
• His initials are J.B.H. jar (n)
injure (v) jazz (n)
ink (n) jealous (adj)
inn (n) jeans (n pl)
inquiry (n) jet (n)
insect (n) • to go by jet (plane)
inside (adv, prep & n) jewellery (n)
insist (v) job (n)
instance (n) jog (v)
instead (adv) • to go jogging
instead of (prep phr) join (v)
instruction(s) (n) • The rivers join there.
instructor (n) • to join the army
instrument (n) • to join (in) a game
• musical instrument joke (n & v)
insurance (n) journalism (n)
insure (v) journalist (n)
intelligent (adj) journey (n)
intend (v) judge (n & v)
• to intend to do something jug (n)
interest (n & v) juice (n)
intermediate (adj) jump (n & v)
international (adj) jury (n)
internet (n) just (adv)
interpret (v)
interrupt (v)
interval (n) K
• an interval in a play
interview (n & v) kangaroo (n)
into (prep) keen (adj)
introduce (v) • He's keen on cycling.
introduction (n) • to be keen to do something
invade (v) keep (v)
invasion (n) keep in (phr v)
invent (v) • She kept the children in as it was so
invention (n) cold.
invitation (n) keep on (phr v)
invite (v) • He kept on talking.
involve (v) keep up (phr v)
iron (n & v) • Keep up the good work!
island (n) kettle (n)
issue (n) key (n)
IT (Information Technology) (n) • key to a lock
it (pron) • key to success
item (n) keyboard (n)
its (det) • computer keyboard
itself (pron)
Page 17• keyboard music lazy (adj)
kick (n & v) lead (v)
kids (n pl) • to lead someone by the hand
kilo(gram[me]) (kg) (n) • Where does this road lead?
kilometre (km) (n) leaf (n)
kill (v) learn (v)
kind (adj & n) least (adj & adv)
king (n) • the least amount (adj)
kiosk (n) • at least (adv)
kiss (n & v) leather (n)
kitchen (n) leave (v)
kitten (n) leave out (phr v)
knee (n) • He left out several important facts.
kneel (v) lecture (n & v)
knife (n) left (n, adj & adv)
knit (v) leg (n)
knock (n & v) leisure (n)
knock down (phr v) lemon (n)
• He was knocked down by the car as lemonade (n)
he stepped into the road. lend (v)
knock out (phr v) length (n)
• The fall knocked him out. less (det, adj, adv & pron)
know (v) lesson (n)
knowledge (n) let (v)
• Let her do it.
L • Let me think.
• Let’s go out tonight.
letter (n)
laboratory (lab) (n) letter-box (n)
labourer (n) lettuce (n)
lack (n & v) level (adj & n)
ladder (n) library (n)
lady (n) licence (n)
lake (n) • a driving/marriage/TV licence
lamb (n) lie (n & v)
lamp (n) life (n)
land (n & v) lift (n & v)
landlady (n) • Can you give me a lift, please? (n)
landlord (n) • The lift is going up. (n)
landscape (n) • Please help me to lift this table. (v)
language (n) light (adj, n & v)
laptop (computer) (n) lighter (n)
large (adj)
• a cigarette lighter
laser (n)
lightning (n)
last (adj, adv & v)
like (adv, prep & v)
late (adj & adv)
likely (adj)
lately (adv)
limit (n & v)
later (adj & adv)
line (n)
latest (adj)
• a line on a page
laugh (n & v)
• a clothes line
laundry (n)
• a railway line
lavatory (n)
link (n)
law (n)
• a link to a website
lawn (n)
lion (n)
lawyer (n)
lip (n)
lay (v)
Page 18lipstick (n)
liquid (n) M
list (n)
listen (v) machine (n)
literature (n) mad (adj)
litre (n) Madam (n)
litter (n) made of (adj)
little (adj & pron) magazine (n)
live (v) magic (adj & n)
live (adj) magnificent (adj)
• live music/sport mail (n & v)
lively (adj) main (adj)
living (adj) majority (n)
living room (n) make (v)
load (n & v) make-up (n)
loaf (n) make sure (phr v)
loan (n) male (adj & n)
local (adj) man (n)
location (n) manage (v)
lock (n & v) • to manage a business
locker (n) • to manage to do something (succeed
lonely (adj) in)
long (adj) manner (n)
look (n & v) many (adj & pron)
look after (phr v) map (n)
• Who's looking after your baby now? mark (n & v)
look forward to (phr v) market (n)
• I’m looking forward to the party! • to buy something from a market
look like (v) marriage (n)
• She looks like her sister. marry (v)
look out (phr v) master (n)
• Look out or you'll have an accident. match (n & v)
look up (phr v) • a box of matches (n)
• Look up the meaning of the word in • a tennis match (n)
your dictionary. • This tie matches your shirt. (v)
loose (adj) mate (n)
lorry (n) material (n)
lose (v) mathematics/math(s) (n)
lost property office (n) matter (n & v)
lot (n) • Is anything the matter? (n)
loud (adj) • It doesn't matter. (v)
lounge (n) maximum (adj & n)
love (n & v) maybe (adv)
lovely (adj) me (pron)
low (adj & adv) meal (n)
lower (v) mean (v)
luck (n) • What do you mean?
luggage (n) • What does it mean?
lump (n) means (n)
lunch (n) measure (v)
lunchtime (n) mechanic (n)
lung (n) meat (n)
luxury (n) medicine (n)
medium (adj)
meet (v)
Page 19melon (n) monkey (n)
melt (v) month (n)
member (n) moon (n)
membership (n) more (adj, adv & pron)
memory (n) morning (n)
• to have a good/poor memory mosque (n)
• happy memories most (adj, adv & pron)
• computer memory mother (n)
mend (v) motor (n)
mention (v) motorbike (n)
menu (n) motorcycle (n)
merry (adj) motor-racing (n)
message (n) motorway (n)
metal (n) mountain (n)
method (n) mouse (n)
• modern methods of teaching moustache (n)
metre (m) (n) mouth (n)
microwave (n) move (v)
midday (n) movie (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: film)
middle (adj & n) movie theatre (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:
midnight (n) cinema)
mild (adj) movie star (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng:
mile (n) film star)
milk (n) MP3 player (n)
millimetre (mm) (n) Mr (n)
mind (n & v) Mrs (n)
• His mind was on other things. (n) Ms (n)
• Would you mind if I called much (adj, adv & pron)
tomorrow? (v) mug (n)
• I don’t mind. (v) multiply (v)
• Mind your head! (v) mum (n)
• Who's minding the baby for you? (v) mummy (n)
mine (pron) murder (n & v)
mineral (adj) museum (n)
mineral water (n) mushroom (n)
minimum (adj & n) music (n)
minister (n) musical (adj & n)
• government minister musician (n)
minute (n) mustard (n)
mirror (n) my (det)
miserable (adj) myself (pron)
miss (n & v) mystery (n)
Miss (n)
mist (n)
mistake (n)
N
mix (v)
mobile (phone) (n) nail (n)
model (adj & n) • fingernail
• a model railway (adj) • hammer and nails
• It's cheap because it's last year's name (n & v)
model. (n) narrow (adj)
• She’s a fashion model. (n) nasty (adj)
modern (adj) national (adj)
moment (n) nationality (n)
money (n) natural (adj)
nature (n)
Page 20• nature studies novel (n)
near (adv, prep & adj) now (adv)
nearby (adj & adv) nowadays (adv)
nearly (adv) nowhere (adv)
neat (adj) number (n)
necessary (adj) • numbers 5 to 7
neck (n) • a large number of cars
need (v) • What’s your (phone) number?
needle (n) nurse (n & v)
negative (adj) nut (n)
neighbour (n)
neighbourhood (n)
neither (pron, adv, conj & det) O
nephew (n)
nervous (adj) object (n)
• a nervous person obvious (adj)
• to feel nervous occasion (n)
net (n) occasional (adj)
network (n) occupation (n)
never (adv) ocean (n)
new (adj) o’clock (adv)
news (n) of (prep)
newsagent (n) of course (adv)
newspaper (n) off (adv & prep)
next (adj, adv & pron) • It fell off the table. (prep)
next to (prep) • The meeting is off. (adv)
nice (adj) • I’ve got the afternoon off. (adv)
niece (n) offer (n & v)
night (n) office (n)
nightclub (n) officer (n)
no (adv & det) often (adv)
nobody (pron) oh! (int)
noise (n) oh dear! (int)
none (pron) oil (n)
nonsense (n) OK/O.K./okay (adj)
noon (n) old (adj)
no one (pron) old-fashioned (adj)
nor (conj) omelette (n)
normal (adj) on (adv & prep)
north (adj, adv & n) on board (prep phr)
northeast (adj & n) on business (prep phr)
northwest (adj & n) on fire (prep phr)
nose (n) on foot (prep phr)
not (adv) on holiday (prep phr)
note (n & v) on loan (prep phr)
• to write a note (n) on purpose (prep phr)
• a ten-pound note (n) on request (prep phr)
• Please note. (v) on sale (prep phr)
notebook (n) on time (prep phr)
notepaper (n) once (adv)
nothing (pron) • once a year
notice (n & v) • I once saw him dancing.
• to read a notice (n) one (pron & det)
• until further notice (n) oneself (pron)
• Did you notice anything wrong? (v) one-way (adj)
Page 21onion (n)
online (adv & adj)
• to book/buy something online (adv)
P
• an online facility (adj)
only (adj & adv) pack (n & v)
onto (prep) • an information pack (n)
open (adj & v) • to pack a case (v)
opening hours (n pl) packet (n)
opera (n) page (n)
operate (v) pain (n)
operation (n) paint (n & v)
operator (n) pair (n)
opinion (n) palace (n)
opportunity (n) pale (adj)
opposite (adj, n, prep & adv) pan (n)
option (n) pants (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: trousers)
or (conj) paper (n)
orange (adj & n) • a sheet of paper
orchestra (n) • a (news)paper
order (conj, n & v) parcel (n)
• in order to (conj) pardon (n) (int)
• to put something in order (n) • Pardon? I didn’t hear what you said.
• to order a meal (v) parent (n)
ordinary (adj) park (n & v)
organisation (n) • a public park (n)
organise (v) • to park a car (v)
original (adj) parliament (n)
other (adj, pron & det) part (n & v)
our (det) • a part of something (n)
ours (pron) • to part from someone (v)
ourselves (pron) partly (adv)
out (adv) particular (adj)
out of (prep) partner (n)
out of date (prep phr) part time (adv)
out of doors (prep phr) part-time (adj)
out of order (prep phr) party (n)
out of stock (prep phr) • a birthday party
out of work (prep phr) • a political party
outdoor (adj) pass (v)
outdoors (adv) • Several cars passed.
outside (adv, n, prep & adj) • to pass the sugar
oven (n) • to pass an examination
over (adv & prep) passenger (n)
• I’m going over the road. (prep) passport (n)
• over 40 people (more than) (adv) password (n)
• to be over (finished) (adv) past (adj, n & prep)
• Several birds were flying over the roof • the past few weeks. (adj)
of the school. (prep) • in the past. (n)
overnight (adj & adv) • It’s half past one. (prep)
overtake (v) pasta (n)
owe (v) pastry (n)
own (adj & v) path (n)
• my own pen (adj) patient (adj & n)
• to own a car (v) • to be patient (adj)
owner (n) • a hospital patient (n)
Page 22pattern (n) • a piece of cheese
pause (n & v) • to break into small pieces
pavement (n) • a piece of furniture/advice
pay (n & v) pig (n)
pea (n) pile (n)
peace (n) pill (n)
peanut (n) pillow (n)
pear (n) pilot (n & v)
pedestrian (n) pin (n & v)
peel (n & v) pink (adj)
pen (n) pipe (n)
pence (n pl) pity (n)
pencil (n) pizza (n)
pencil case (n) place (n & v)
pen-friend (n) • a safe place (n)
penknife (n) • I’ve lost my place in the book. (n)
penny (n) • third place in a race (n)
pension (n) • to place something on the table (v)
people (n pl) • London is a big place. (n)
pepper (n) plain (adj)
• to pass the pepper (spice) • It’s plain to me. (clear)
• red peppers (vegetable) • a plain T-shirt (no design)
per (prep) plan (n & v)
per cent (n) • a street plan (n)
perfect (adj) • a plan to do something (n)
perform (v) plane (n)
performance (n) planet (n)
perfume (n) plant (n & v)
perhaps (adv) plastic (adj & n)
period (n) plate (n)
permanent (adj) platform (n)
permission (n) play (n & v)
permitted (adj) • a play at the theatre (n)
person (n)
• children playing (v)
personal (adj)
• to play football (v)
persuade (v)
• to play the guitar (v)
pet (n)
• to play a record/cassette/CD (v)
petrol (n)
petrol station (n) • to play the part of someone (act) (v)
pharmacy (n) player (n)
phone (n & v) playground (n)
photo (n) playing cards (n pl)
photocopy (n) pleasant (adj)
photograph (n) please (int & v)
photography (n) • Come in, please. (int)
physician (n) • to please someone (v)
physics (n) pleasure (n)
piano (n) plenty (pron)
pick (v) plug (n)
pick up (phr v) • a plug for the bath
• I picked up a pencil. • an electrical plug
• I’ll pick up my sister from the station. plug in (phr v)
picnic (n & v) p.m. (adv)
picture (n) pocket (n)
pie (n) pocket money (n)
piece (n) poem (n)
Page 23poet (n) • to be present (adj)
poetry (n) • at the present time (adj)
point (n & v) • That will be all for the present. (n)
• to point at something (v) • I got some lovely birthday presents. (n)
• The pencil has no point to it. (n) presenter (n)
police (n) president (n)
policeman (n) press (v)
police officer (n) • to press a button
policewoman (n) • to press a suit
police station (n) pretty (adj)
polite (adj) prevent (v)
political (adj) previous (adj)
politics (n) price (n)
politician (n) priest (n)
pollution (n) primary (adj)
pool (n) • primary school
• a swimming-pool prime minister (n)
poor (adj) prince (n)
• She is very poor. (financial) princess (n)
• The poor man. (sympathy) principal (adj)
pop (adj & n) print (n & v)
• pop song/music/star/group • in large print (n)
popular (adj) • print a document (v)
population (n) • to print your name in capitals (v)
port (n) prison (n)
porter (n) prisoner (n)
position (n) private (adj)
positive (adj) prize (n)
possibility (n) probable (adj)
possible (adj) probably (adv)
post (n & v) problem (n)
• to post a letter (v) produce (v)
• to send it by post (n) product (n)
post office (n) profession (n)
postage (n) professional (adj & n)
postcard (n) professor (n)
poster (n) program(me) (n)
postman (n) • TV programme
pot (n) • computer program
potato (n) progress (n)
pound (£) (n) project (n)
pour (v) promise (n & v)
poverty (n) • to promise to do something (v)
powder (n) • to keep a promise (n)
power (n) pronounce (v)
practice (n) • to pronounce a word correctly
practise (v) (n = Am Eng) pronunciation (n)
pray (v) proper (adj)
prayer (n) property (n)
prefer (v) protect (v)
preparation (n) proud (adj)
prepare (v) prove (v)
prescription (n) provide (v)
• medicine on a prescription public (adj & n)
present (adj & n) • public opinion (adj)
Page 24• to make something public (adj) quiet (adj)
• to be open to the public (n) quit (v)
publish (v) quite (adv)
pull (n & v) • Are you quite sure?
pullover (n) • quite old
pump (n) quiz (n)
• petrol/bike pump
punctual (adj)
punish (v)
R
punishment (n)
pupil (n) rabbit (n)
pure (adj) race (n & v)
purple (adj) • to win a race (n)
purpose (n) • to race against fast runners (compete)
• He did it on purpose. (deliberately) (v)
purse (n) • to race home quickly (run) (v)
push (n & v) racket (n)
put (v) • tennis racket
put away (phr v) radio (n)
• He put the book away. rail (n)
put down (phr v) • to go by rail
• She put her name down. railway (n)
put off (phr v) rain (n & v)
• The meeting was put off until the raincoat (n)
following week. rainforest (n)
put on (phr v) raise (v)
• He put on a suit. • to raise your arm
• Can you put on the light? • to raise prices
• He didn’t want to put on weight. range (n)
put out (phr v) rank (n)
• The fire was quickly put out. • a taxi rank
put through (phr v) rare (adj)
• Can you put me through to the rarely (adv)
manager, please? rather (adv & prep)
put up (phr v) • rather earlier than usual (adv)
• The company was forced to put up its • I’d prefer to drink water rather than fruit
prices. juice. (prep)
pyjamas (n pl) raw (adj)
• raw meat
Q razor (n)
reach (v)
read (v)
qualification (n) ready (adj)
qualify (v) real (adj)
quality (n) realise (v)
quantity (n) • He realised it was true.
quarter (n) realistic (adj)
quay (n) really (adv)
queen (n) reason (n)
question (n) reasonable (adj)
• to ask a question receipt (n)
• the question being discussed (subject) receive (v)
questionnaire (n) recent (adj)
queue (n & v) reception (n)
quick (adj) recipe (n)
Page 25recognise (v) respect (n & v)
recommend (v) responsible (adj)
• to recommend someone/something rest (n & v)
record (n & v) • a rest from work (n)
• to keep a record (n) • the rest of them (n)
• to break a record (n) • The doctor told her to rest. (v)
• to record a song (v) restaurant (n)
recording (n) result (n)
recover (v) retire (v)
• to recover from an illness return (n & v)
recycle (v) • to return home (v)
• I don’t recycle as much as I should. • a return (ticket) (n)
recycled (adj) review (n & v)
recycling (n) revise (v)
red (adj) reward (n & v)
reduce (v) rice (n)
refreshments (n) rich (adj & n)
refrigerator (n) ride (n & v)
refund (n & v) right (adj, adv & n)
refuse (v) • the right time (correct) (adj)
regarding (prep) • the right person for the job (suitable)
region (n) (adj)
register (n & v) • my right foot (adj)
• He took the class register. (n) • Everything will be all right. (adj)
• He registered with a new doctor. (v) • Go right there. (directly) (adv)
registration (n) • Fill it right to the top. (completely)
regret (n & v) (adv)
regular (adj) • the right to vote (n)
relation (n) ring (n & v)
• to visit a relation • stand in a ring (n)
relationship (n) • a wedding ring (n)
relative (n) • Give me a ring tomorrow. (phone) (n)
• a relative came to stay • Suddenly the bell rang. (v)
relax (v) ring back (phr v)
relaxation (n) ring off (phr v)
reliable (adj) ring up (phr v)
religion (n) ripe (adj)
remain (v) rise (v)
remember (v) • The sun rises in the East.
remind (v) • Prices are rising.
remove (v) river (n)
rent (n & v) road (n)
repair (n & v) roast (adj & v)
repeat (v) rob (v)
replace (v) robbery (n)
reply (n & v) rock (n)
report (n & v) • rock (music) (n)
request (n & v) • a hard piece of rock (n)
require (v) role (n)
rescue (n & v) roll (n & v)
research (n & v) • a roll of film (n)
reservation (n)
• a bread roll (n)
reserve (n & v)
• to roll into a ball (v)
• She was a reserve for the team. (n)
roof (n)
• to reserve a seat (v) room (n)
Page 26• the sitting room • to save money
• There’s lots of room in here. • to save time
rose (n) say (v)
rough (adj) • to say something to someone
• a rough road • I really can’t say. (give an opinion)
• a rough idea scene (n)
• rough work scenery (n)
round (adj, adv & prep) school (n)
• a round object (adj) science (n)
• the wrong way round (adv) science fiction (n)
• to sit round a table (prep) scientific (adj)
roundabout (n) scientist (n)
route (n) scissors (n)
row (n) scooter (n)
• a row of seats score (n & v)
rubber (adj & n) • The score was 3-0. (n)
• rubber tyres (adj) • to score a goal (v)
• a rubber (eraser) (n) scream (n & v)
rubbish (n) screen (n)
rude (adj) sculpture (n)
rugby (n) sea (n)
ruin (n) search (n & v)
rule (n & v) seaside (n)
• the rules of grammar (n) season (n)
• to rule a country (v) seat (n)
ruler (n) seat belt (n)
• draw a line using a ruler second (adj & n)
run (v) • to be second in the race (adj)
• to run in a race • sixty seconds in a minute (n)
• to run a business secondary (adj)
run out of (phr v) • secondary school
• He ran out of time and didn’t finish. secret (adj & n)
secretary (n)
security (n)
S see (v)
• to see something (with the eyes)
sad (adj) • to see the joke (understand)
safe (adj) • to see someone about a problem
• to be safe from harm (consult)
safety (n) seem (v)
sail (n & v) seldom (adv)
salad (n) select (v)
salary (n) self-service (adj)
sale (n) sell (v)
salesman/saleswoman (n) send (v)
salt (n) sensible (adj)
same (adj, pron & adv) sentence (n)
sand (n) • words in a sentence
sandwich (n) separate (adj & v)
satisfactory (adj) series (n)
satisfied (adj) • a TV series
saucer (n) serious (adj)
sausage (n) • a serious person
save (v) • a serious illness
• to save someone servant (n)
Page 27serve (v) shore (n)
• to serve in a shop short (adj)
service (n) shorts (n pl)
• a bus service • a pair of shorts
• customer service shoulder (n)
session (n) shout (n & v)
• in a school, gym show (n & v)
set (v) • a film show (n)
set free (phr v) • Show it to me. (v)
set off (phr v) • The picture shows a village. (v)
• She set off early for work. • It shows that they care. (v)
set out (phr v) shower (n)
• They set out on the long journey. • a shower of rain
set up (phr v) • to have a shower
• Her mother helped her to set up in shut (adj & v)
business. shy (adj)
several (adj & det) sick (adj)
sew (v) side (n)
sex (n) sight (n)
• the male/female sex • Her sight is better with glasses.
sh! (int) • in sight, out of sight
shade (n) sightseeing (n)
• to sit in the shade sign (n & v)
shadow (n) • a road sign (n)
shake (n & v) • to sign a document (v)
shallow (adj) • no sign of life (n)
shame (n) • signs of winter (n)
shampoo (n) signal (n & v)
shape (n) signature (n)
share (n & v) signpost (n)
shark (n) silence (n)
sharp (adj) silent (adj)
• a sharp knife silk (adj & n)
• a sharp corner silly (adj)
• a sharp picture silver (adj & n)
shave (n & v) similar (adj)
she (pron) simple (adj)
sheep (n) since (conj & prep)
sheet (n) sincerely (adv)
• sheets on a bed • Yours sincerely
• a sheet of paper sing (v)
• information sheet single (n & adj)
shelf (n) • a single (ticket) to Cambridge (n)
shine (v) • to be single (unmarried) (adj)
ship (n) • a single room (adj)
shirt (n) sink (n & v)
shock (n & v) • a kitchen sink (n)
• to suffer from shock (n) • The ship began to sink. (v)
• The film shocked me. (v) Sir (n)
shoe (n) sister (n)
shoot (v) sit (v)
• to shoot at the goal site (n)
shop (n & v) sitting room (n)
shop assistant (n) situated (adj)
shopkeeper (n) situation (n)
Page 28size (n) son (n)
skateboard (n & v) song (n)
ski (n & v) soon (adv)
skill (n) • I’ll come soon.
skilled (adj) • as soon as I can
skin (n) sore (adj)
skirt (n) sorry (adj)
sky (n) sort (n)
sleep (n & v) • the same sort
sleeve (n) sort out (phr v)
slice (n) • We need to sort out this problem.
slim (adj) sound (n & v)
slip (v) • the sound of music (n)
• to slip on the ice • It sounds like/as if…(v)
slope (n) soup (n)
• mountain/ski slope sour (adj)
slow (adj) • a sour taste
small (adj) south (adj & adv, n)
smart (adj) southeast (adj & n)
• a smart idea (Am Eng) southwest (adj, adv & n)
• smart clothes souvenir (n)
smell (n & v) space (n)
smile (n & v) • a parking space
smoke (n & v) • write in the spaces
smooth (adj) • not enough space
• a smooth surface (level) • outer space
• a smooth ride in the new car spade (n)
(comfortable) spare (adj & v)
snack (n) • spare cash, spare time (adj)
snake (n) • to spare the time (v)
snow (n & v) speak (v)
snowball (n) special (adj)
snowboard (n & v) speech (n)
snowman (n) speed (n)
snowstorm (n) spell (v)
so (adv & conj) spend (v)
so-so (adj) • to spend money/time
soap (n) spill (v)
social (adj) spinach (n)
society (n) spite (n)
sock (n) • in spite of (prep phr)
sofa (n) spoil (v)
soft (adj) spoon (n)
• a soft material sport (n)
• a soft drink spot (n)
software (n) spy (n & v)
soil (n) square (adj & n)
soldier (n) • a square room (adj)
solid (adj) • a market square (n)
some (adj, det & pron) squash (n)
somebody (pron) stadium (n)
someone (pron) staff (n)
something (pron) stage (n)
sometimes (adv) • to perform on a stage
somewhere (adv) stain (n & v)
Page 29stairs (n pl) • a department store (n)
stall (n) • to store things in a cupboard (v)
• market stall storm (n)
stamp (n) story (n)
• a postage stamp straight (adj & adv)
stand (v) • to go straight on (adv)
standard (n) • a straight road (adj)
star (n) strange (adj)
• stars in the sky (n) stranger (n)
• a film star (n) strawberry (n)
start (n & v) stream (n)
• a good start (n) street (n)
• to start a race (v) stress (n & v)
state (adj & n) • to stress the importance of something
• a state school (n) (v)
statement (n) • He didn’t want the stress of a new job.
station (n) (n)
• a bus/fire/radio station strict (adj)
statue (n) strike (n & v)
stay (n & v) • to go on strike (n)
• to stay to dinner (v) • to strike something (v)
• to stay with friends (v) strong (adj)
• to stay looking young (v) student (n)
• a two-night stay (n) studio (n)
stay behind (phr v) • TV/artists/recording studio
• She stayed behind after the lesson to study (n & v)
speak to the teacher. • to study physics (v)
steak (n) • to study the map (v)
steal (v) • Social Studies (n)
steam (n) stupid (adj)
steel (n) style (n)
steep (adj) subject (n)
step (n) • the subject of a discussion
• two steps forward (n) • the subject of a sentence
• to climb the steps (n) • a school subject
stick (n & v) subtract (v)
• a walking stick (n) subway (n)
• to stick two things together (v) • New York subway (Am Eng) (Br Eng:
sticky (adj) underground)
stiff (adj) succeed (v)
still (adv) success (n)
• Sit still. (adv) such (adj & det)
• She’s still here. (adv) sudden (adj)
stir (v) sugar (n)
stomach (n) suggest (v)
stone (n) suit (n)
• a large stone • to wear a suit
• a stone bridge suitable (adj)
stop (n & v) suitcase (n)
• a bus stop (n) sum (n)
• The car stopped. (v) sum up (v)
• It’s stopped raining. (v) sun (n)
• The rain stopped me from going out. sunbathe (v)
(v) sunlight (n)
store (n & v) sunrise (n)
Page 30sunset (n) take off (phr v)
sunshine (n) • Do you want to take off your coat?
supermarket (n) • The plane takes off at 6.
supply (v) take part (in) (phr v)
support (v) • Everybody took part in the meeting.
• to support a weight take place (phr v)
• to support a team • The meeting took place at six.
suppose (v) take up (phr v)
• I suppose it’s true. • He decided to take up a new hobby.
• You aren’t supposed to drive fast. talent (n)
• It’s supposed to be a good film. talk (n & v)
sure (adj) tall (adj)
• I’m sure you’re right. tap (n)
• to make sure • a cold-water tap (n)
surfing (n) tape (adj, n & v)
surname (n) • a tape recorder (adj)
surprise (n & v) • a cassette tape (n)
surround (v) • to tape a conversation (v)
• The cottage is surrounded by beautiful taste (n & v)
countryside. • to have good taste (n)
sweater (n) • to taste food (v)
sweatshirt (n) • It tastes good. (v)
sweep (v) tax (n & v)
• to sweep the floor taxi (n)
sweet (adj & n) tea (n)
• sweet food (adj) teach (v)
• a sweet face (adj) team (n)
• a sweet smell (adj) tear (n)
• to eat a sweet (n) • Tears ran down her cheeks.
swim (n & v) tear (v)
swimming costume (n) • to tear a piece of paper
swing (n & v) technique (n)
• to play on a swing technology (n)
• to swing backwards and forwards teenage (n)
switch (n & v) telegram (n)
• light switch (n) telephone (n & v)
• to switch on a machine (v) television (TV) (n)
system (n) tell (v)
• to tell a story
• to tell someone something
T • to tell someone to do something
• you can’t always tell
table (n) temperature (n)
table-cloth (n) • to have a temperature
table-tennis (n) • air temperature
tablet (n) temporary (adj)
take (v) tennis (n)
• to take someone’s hand tent (n)
• to take someone’s things (steal/ term (n)
borrow) terminal (n)
• to take a photo terrible (adj)
• to take a long time test (n & v)
• to take a holiday text (n)
take away (phr v) than (conj & prep)
• Take 15 away from 78. thank (v)
Page 31thank you (int) • to wait till the end (prep)
thanks (n) • till he comes (conj)
that (adv, conj, det & pron) time (n)
theft (n) • What time is it?
their (det) • It took a long time.
theirs (pron) • the last time
them (pron) • Is it time yet?
themselves (pron) • Four times five is twenty.
then (adv) timetable (n)
there (adv & pron) tin (n)
therefore (adv) • a tin of peas
thermometer (n) • made of tin
these (det & pron) tin-opener (n)
they (pron) tiny (adj)
thick (adj) tip (n)
thief (n) • the tip of the pencil
thin (adj) • a tip for the waitress
thing (n) tired (adj)
think (v) title (n)
• to think about something to (prep)
• I think he’s left. toast (n)
• What did you think of the film? • toast for breakfast
• I think I’ll go. today (adv & n)
• I’m thinking of going. toe (n)
thirst (n) together (adv)
this (det & pron) toilet (n)
those (det & pron) tomato (n)
though (conj & adv) tomorrow (adv & n)
thought (n) ton(ne) (n)
• to have thoughts about something tongue (n)
• to be deep in thought tonight (adv & n)
thriller (n) too (adv)
throat (n) • I’ve been there, too.
through (prep) • It’s too heavy to lift.
throughout (prep) tool (n)
throw (v) tooth/teeth (n)
throw away (phr v) toothache (n)
• He threw away the old TV. toothbrush (n)
thumb (n) toothpaste (n)
thunder (n) top (n)
thunderstorm (n) • top of the class
tick (n & v) • at the top of his voice
ticket (n) topic (n)
tidy (adj & v) total (adj & n)
tidy up (phr v) touch (v)
• Please tidy up when you’ve finished. tour (n & v)
tie (n & v) tourism (n)
• a shirt and tie (n) tourist (n)
• to tie with string (v) toward(s) (prep)
tiger (n) towel (n)
tight (adj) tower (n)
• tight shoes town (n)
tights (n pl) toy (n)
• a pair of tights track (n)
till (conj & prep) • a race track
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