UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA M-COMMERCE: DEVELOPMENT OF RINGTONE PURCHASING SYSTEM VIA SMS
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UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
M-COMMERCE: DEVELOPMENT OF
RINGTONE PURCHASING SYSTEM VIA SMS
MARHAEVI ABD RASHID
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (HONS) INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY AND
QUANTITATIVE SCIENCE
OCTOBER 2004
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to Allah SWT for all His bless that I had during the completion of this research. I
would like to express our sincere to those who had involved in contributing their help and
support either directly or indirectly in making this work successfully reality. It has been my good
fortune to have the advice and guidance of talented people, whose knowledge and skills have
enhanced this research in many ways.
First of all, I would like to address my deepest appreciation and sincere thanks to my
dedicated supervisor. En. Saharbudin Nairn Tahir Shah for his guidance and support and give me
opportunity to learn and gain experience from his research. Next, a special dedication to my
work advisor; Dr. Norlaila Md. Nor for her encouragement, comment, idea and tolerance that
lead me to a better quality of work.
My special thanks to all the helpful people from company or organization that I met for
this research purposed. Thank you for tour willingness to share your valuable knowledge and
expertise.
Eventually, I would like to express my earnest thanks to my beloved family for their
support and imderstand me. Last but not least, for my dearest friends for help and support in
order to complete this work. To all mentioned here, might Allah bless you all in whatever you
do. Thank you so much.
11
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TABLE OF CONTENT
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ii
TABLE OF FIGURES vi
ABSTRACT viii
CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Research 1
1.2 Poblem Statement 2
1.3 Sgnificance of the Research 3
1.4 Objective of the Research 4
1.5 Project Scope 4
CHAPTER TWO THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
2.1 SMS@ctive Frameworks 5
2.2 Ringtone Purchasing System via SMS Framework 6
2.2.1 Ringtone Purschasing System 6
2.2.2 Theoritical and Methodology 7
2.2.3 Input 7
2.2.4 Database 8
2.2.5 Output 8
CHAPTER THREE LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 M-commerce 9
3.1.1 Evolution E-commerce to M-commerce on an Industry 11
3.1.2 Architecture and Protocol of M-commerce 12
3.2 Short Message Services (SMS) 15
3.2.1 The Element of SMS Architecture 15
3.2.2 Messaging 17
3.2.3 Dynamics 18
ni
COPYRIGHT © UiTM
3.2.4 Usage 18
3.2.5 SMS Component 19
3.2.6 Connection 20
3.2.7 SMS Structure 22
3.2.8 SMS Processes 22
3.2.9 Consumer Application Using SMS 23
3.2.10 SMS Center Framework 27
3.3 Introduction to Ringtone 28
3.3.1 Ringtone Basic 28
3.3.2 Ringtone Framework for Polyphonic 29
3.4 Difference Methodology to Solve Similar Problem 30
CHAPTER FOUR METHODOLOGY
4.1 System Planning 32
4.2 System Analysis 33
4.2.1 Used-case Diagram 34
4.2.2 Data Flow Diagram (DFD) 34
4.2.3 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) 35
4.2.4 Object Model 35
4.3 System Design 36
4.3.1 Flowchart Diagram 36
4.3.2 Hardware and Software Acquisition 37
4.3.3 Database and File Design 37
4.3.4 Interface Design 37
4.4 System Implementation 37
4.5 System Operation and Support 38
CHAPTER FIVE RESULT AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
5.1 Introduction 39
5.2 Input Data 39
IV
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5.3 Main Form 40
5.4 Ringtone Master Data Form 42
5.5 Report Form 43
CHAPTER SIX DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS
6.1 Aavantages of Research 45
6.2 Weaknesses 46
6.3 Limitation 47
6.4 Constrain 47
6.4.1 Language Expertise 47
6.4.2 Connection 48
6.4.3 Device 48
CHAPTER SEVEN CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
7.1 Conclusion 49
7.2 Recommendation 49
REFERENCES 51
COPYRIGHT © UiTMLIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1 SMS@active Framework 5
Figure 2.2 Framework of Ringtone Purchasing System via SMS 6
Figure 3.1 The Framework for M-commerce 10
Figure 3.2 Evolution of M-commerce 11
Figure 3.3 Mobile Middleware for Application and Content 13
Adaption
Figure 3.4 WAP Architecture 13
Figure 3.5 SMS Architecture 15
Figure 3.6 Centralize SMSC Cluster 27
Figure 3.7 Distributed SMSC Cluster 28
Figure 3.8 RTTTL Code for Ringtone 29
Figure 3.9 Discription of Specific Notes 29
Figure 3.10 Polyphonic Ringtone Framework by Tao' Group 30
Figure 4.1 Water Fall Model 32
Figure 4.2 Use-case Diagram for Ringtone Purchasing System 34
Figure 4.3 Data Flow Diagram 34
Figure 4.4 Entity Relationship Diagram 35
Figure 4.5 Object Model of Customer 35
Figure 4.6 Flowchart Diagram 36
Figure 5.1 Input Data 39
Figure 5.2 Main Form 40
Figure 5.3 Display Text 40
Figure 5.4 Function Buttons 41
Figure 5.5 Connection Status Display 41
Figure 5.6 Ringtone Master Data 42
VI
COPYRIGHT © UiTMFigure 5.7 Input Text 42
Figure 5.8 Function Button in Ringtone Master Data Form 43
Figure 5.9 Report Form 43
Figure 5.10 Example of Summary Report by Code 44
Vll
COPYRIGHT © UiTMABSTRACT
Nowadays, there are so many application created on m-commerce field, one of
them is the application that allow user to buy a ringtone only using SMS
technology. The main purpose of this research is to develop a ringtone purchasing
system using SMS technology which is connected to infrared cable to detect
mobile phone as a device in order to send input data to the system. Besides, this
research tries to seek a different method that can use and easier in developing the
system. Perhaps this research will give an awareness and guideline to developers in
order to produce a high quality and robust product.
viu
COPYRIGHT © UiTMCHAPTER ONE
PROBLEM DESCRIPTION
U Background of the Problem
Currently, the usage of Short Message Service (SMS) is common among
people. It's allowing text messages to be sent and receive through mobile
phone. Besides text messaging, the SMS expend their technologies by provide
a ring tone through it. Even the way of sending data is same but, it's using
different format. It's difference because ring tones are the melodies or some
"noise" that can play when a call is receiving a call.
Getting a ring tone via SMS became a most popular mean because it
sends the ring tone over the airwave. This technology created by Nokia. Nokia
originally developed SMS to send text message between phones. Later, Nokia
and Intel create "smart" messaging that can send functional, non-text
information through SMS which can support or recognized ring tones, graphic,
etc.
Therefore, my research topic is concern with how the ring tone via
SMS can provide one more strategies in e-commerce field. It's happen because
the environment is change from traditional to full of technology approach such
as e-commerce, e-leaming, etc.
COPYRIGHT © UiTM1.2 Problem Statement
There was so many ways to get a new ring tone such as through the internet
where website that provides these kinds of services and the other ways to get
ring tone is via dialing 600 phone numbers.
For example, when people want to buy a ring tone through the website,
it's quite difficult because not all ring tone in that website provides the favorite
tone for it user and it waste of time to find out more than one website to get the
right tone that fulfill their needs. This condition happens because website
providers are come from various countries, which got different cultures and
needs. For example, for them who love local songs, will facing difficulties
because the website provides only few local ring tones.
Besides that, every purchasing of ring tone is running online. People
must have an account in banks that support this environment. Not all banks in
Malaysia can support this kind of system in case to buy something online.
Otherwise, by having 600 phone numbers, it causes a lot of cost. Every
minute of call will charge at high rate. As a business strategy, they usually use
machine to answer the call and it take a lot of time and of course it can increase
the charge per call.
Moreover, if people want to make the ring tone by its own, it quite
complicated because they have to buy a ring tone converter just to get some
ring tone to their phone. This is wasted and every song has the copyrights and
people cannot take it easily. There have some rule and conditions to take
attention before they can convert it into ring tone.
COPYRIGHT © UiTMLast but not list, people can also create or insert a code of melody in the
composer menu, but not all phone model provide this menu. By key-in the
code, the rhythms of ring tone doesn't sound nice. By having this system, it
may reduce the problem above. Beside, it is can give benefits to both parties
which is the buyer can purchase with good price and the seller can get high
profit.
13 Significance of Research
Since mobile operators are investing hardly in fiiture, the significant enhance
the usability of mobile services like ring tone technology. The ring tone
purchasing system via short message services (SMS) is a system that can make
a convenience to their customer or user that really particular about new ring
tone technology or tones. Below are several benefits that this system provides
to their customer or user.
First of all, by having this system, two type of ring tone which is
known as monophonic and polyphonic are easily provided and send it through
short massages services (SMS).
Secondly, the customer or user can only buy their favorites ring tone by
sending the ring tone code via SMS. The payment on each transaction will be
deducted through prepaid credit or phone bill. By having these conveniences, it
can encourage people to find and buy a latest ring tone because the price is
reasonable and easy to get.
As a nature behavior of technology which is rapidly growth, this
system directly and indirectly effect on the mobile services technology where
COPYRIGHT © UiTMall request from people will be execute directly from system wiAout needs
man effort.
Besides that, if we create or insert ring tone by ourselves, the tone
soimds not good. By having ring tone converter that capable to change midi
format to ring tone, the rhythm of tone do not much change and it sound like
the real songs.
Therefore, this system can help to reduce the cost and time also can
provide convenience to buyers and sellers.
1.4 Objective of Research
This research is purposely conducted to meet two objectives. First objective
that should be archive is to develop an m-commerce application by using
mobile phone with Short Message Service (SMS) technology. Secondly is to
make a connection between mobile phone and the system using infrared
connection in order to receive and send data.
1,5 Project Scope
The purpose of this research is to develop an m-commerce application. Even
though there are much type of technology that we can used in order to apply
the m-commerce application, this research only focus in Short Message
Service (SMS) technology to support ringtone service application. There only
2 type ofringtonethat can be support which is monophonic and polyphonic.
COPYRIGHT © UiTMCHAPTER TWO
THEORETICAL CONSIDERATION
2.1 S]VIS@ctive Frameworks
C HAivost Requests
Sy«t«m
3E
Content
Afr ^
(J^^(^ Requests Processing
^
c={>
3Eir4f
System
- Reports - Trivia %1 ^ " Sotiedule
- Statietics
-Voting / T \ -^'^'^
- Monitoring
j ^ >\ - Promo
L
Delhraiy S«mc«s I
System 1
I, SMS@dive's platform
1
Subscriber
^1
Subscriber
Figure 2.1: SMS@ctive Framework
The SMS@ctiveframeworkis design to offer companies with the capability of linking
to individual mobile subscribers or users. Their database driven framework enables
companies to captures, access and monitor subscriber's information while delivering
the company's content to subscribers.
The subscribers are able to feedbacks, voting and trivia. There are several
features in this framework which is reliable, flexible and scalable. Besides it support
COPYRIGHT © UiTMworldwide network coverage and the SMS@ctive framework are based on cutting
edge technology.
2.2 Ringtone Purchasing System via SMS Framework
Part of SMS@ctive Framework
Figure 2.2: Framework of Ringtone Purchasing System via SMS
2.2.1 Ringtone Purchasing System
The ringtone purchasing system is the main part on this system that responsible
to receive a ringtone code and send the right ringtone as requested by
customer. Besides, this system also provide a report and summary of profit
earn.
COPYRIGHT © UiTM2.2*2 Theoretical and Methodology
hi order to get a clear view about this system, the method that has been used is
by collecting a secondary data. More information is gathered from journal,
articles and other system that support my knowledge before development
stage.
Based on the survey has been done, there are lot of company involved
in same purchasing ringtone via internet and sms. Each of the company is
usmg different language. For example, some of them are usuig Java, which is
object-oriented and very complicated to enhance. But, by using this language,
it will provide accurate data as requested. Because of these characteristic, most
of developer prefer to use this language in order to obtain a good result even
though it take a long time to accomplish.
After go through to all type of language, the suitable language to
develop this system is by using Visual Basic 6.0 by Microsoft. This language
is chosen because it is the one programming language that provides a graphical
programming environment and a paint metaphor for developing user interface.
Besides, Visual Basic also has object oriented philosophy and it also called
Rapid Application Development (RAD) System because it enable programmer
to quickly build prototype applications.
2.2.3 Input
To ensure the process run smoothly, it needs a device to come out with input
data. The device used here is mobile phone that will receive ringtone code and
sender phone number. The code and phone number are required as input data.
COPYRIGHT © UiTMThe ringtone code is used to know what type and which tone they requested
and phone number is used to ensure the system reply to the right sender.
The input data will transmit into the system from device by using
infrared signal. The system will automate detect when there have an incomii^
data and immediately run the process.
2.2.4 Database
Database is the most important element needed in the system. Without the
database, the system cannot retrieve the result. The fimction of the database is
to store the appropriate data for the system. The database storage use is
MySQL. There are several fields in this storage, which are ringtone code, file
location and ringtone type. From this database, a report could be generate.
2.2.5 Output
The purpose of build a system is to generate a result that fiilfills the
requirement. It goes to the same way for this system. It will generate an output
that includes ringtone and report. The ringtone that can be produce is
polyphonic and monophonic.
The other output that can be produced by this system is report. From
the report, we may know daily summary of profit and others information.
COPYRIGHT © UiTMCHAPTER THREE
LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1 M-Commerce
What is the difference between e-commerce and e-business? According to
Jamie Biuton (2004), one definition was that e-commerce deal more with the
technology in enabling online transactions and the business focused on
processes needed to facilitate e-commerce, from the definition given by Jamie
Burton, it can be concluded that e-commerce transaction are focus on business
to consumer activities but e-business more focus on business to business
activities.
Today, in tiie madly changing world, every traditional way on
transaction is widely change where consumer may make business architecture
in an electrical way by using e-commerce. E-commerce extends it way to serve
service which is more convenience by having mobile called mobile commerce.
Mobile commerce (m-commerce) is a nature extension of e-commerce that
allows users to interact with other users or business in a wireless node, anytime
and anywhere (Constantinos Coursaris, Khaled Hassanein and Milena Head,
2003).
M-commerce refers to the use of mobile devices to partially or
complete perform a transaction electronically from a commerce web site for
the exchange of goods or services for monetary consideration.
M-business is broader then m-commerce and include all business all
business activities and transaction concluded electronically on the internet via
COPYRIGHT © UiTMmobile devices. According to Upkar Varshney and Ron Vetter (2001), to help
fiiture applications and technologies handle m-commerce, the framework in
Figure 3.1 below are need. This framework will allow developers and
providers to strategize and effectively implement m-commerce application.
^ ^
^ ^ Developer and Provider Plano^
User Plane ^ ^ o i
Mobib Commerce Applications I1
n
o
o m
o'
3
•o O
Wireless Userlnfmsiriicture 3 3 o
1f
<
Mobile Middleware 1
Wireless Network Infrastructure
Figure 3.1: The Framework for M-commerce by Upkar Varshney and Ron Vetter
(2001)
There is several benefit of using m-commerce where it can save cost in
getting required information for example m-banking. In order to know current
account balanccj account holder may send a message to bank system. Within a
minute, the required information by the customer will be answered. It's only
take a lower cost to get the info mther then we goes there which needs few
costs for iuel and so on. From the example above, customer also can save their
time because it faster than internet.
10
COPYRIGHT © UiTM3.1.1 Evolution E-commerce to M-cotnmerce on an Industry
M-commerce applications involve with actual transaction in which a user
securely purchases or sell goods or services (Peter Rysary, 2001). Current
choices are a tiny subset to what will become possible with new location
technology, financial settlement system, devices and network. Most companies
will entered them e-commerce application to mobile device but not rely on
existing settlement system, such as charging a user's credit card account.
Besides, term of mobile wallet which is store the information necessary for
commerce transaction by providing a centralized way for users to maintain
account and shipping information.
According to Mobile Commerce White Paper (Portal Software Inc.,
200 l)j mobile operators are in multiple stages of evaluating and deploying m-
commerce services in varying degrees. Below is the evolutions path of m-
commerce.
Increasing complect ^
- *
Increasing revenue opportitnities
Experimental Soft oomnieroe Advanced Advanced
projects on poapatd soft commer^» m-commerce
One-off applications Micropayments Enhancements Hard commerce, etc.
• Vending machines • Ringtones, news ' Multiple payment • Point-of-sale
• Point-of-sale projects • Coupons, advertising r^ethods integrations
• Distance biiying • Postpaid batanoe * Rich media, Java • DRM
• Certificates • Integrated rating
Figure 3.2: Evolution Path of M-Commerce
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COPYRIGHT © UiTM3.1.2 Architecture and Protocol of M-commerce
An m-commerce application can be broken down into three parts: the user
device, the Web site hosting the application and the payment mechanism. Peter
Rysary (2001), state that a Web site would deliver HTML directly to a mobile
device, and would secure communications. Most mobile-commerce application
developers want to support as many mobile devices as possible. One approach
might be to format the content in WML (Wireless Markup Language), which
would make the application available to mobile devices with WAP browsers.
In order to support all different types of available mobile devices
requires either an extraordinary amount of development effort or a third-party
solution. These third-party solutions are middleware platforms that typically
translate from XML/HTML format located at the customer site to the
appropriate wireless format (Peter Rysary, 2001). It enable layer layer of
software that is used by applications developers to connect their e-commerce
applications with diiferent mobile networks and operating systems without
introducing mobility awareness in the applications. The use of middleware
allows applications to run with better response times and much greater
reliability. Figure 3.3 shows how the mobile middleware for application and
content adaptation by Upkar Varshney and Ron Vetler (2001).
12
COPYRIGHT © UiTMMlddtewaro Mobile Middleware
•
*
»
XWireless Network
V
a
d
Figure 3.3: Mobile middleware for application and content adaptation
As mention before, for adapting standard web contents to wireless
users, the Wireless Application Protocol can be used WAP is designed for
interoperability of different wireless networks, devices, and applications using
a common set of applications and protocols (Upkar Varshney and Ron Vetter,
2001). The architecture of WAP by Upkar and Ron as shown in Figure 3.4 can
be apply for wireless middleware as a client on a mobile terminal and as a
server of the gateway intermediate.
Eticalad
request
Figure 3.4: WAP architecture
13
COPYRIGHT © UiTMDavid Burman (2000) also support the WAP architecture in Figure 3.4.
He state that WAP programmin is based on extremely thin client or server
approach, comprising three lever which is:
• Client
The handset containing a micro-browser and WAP protocol
stack. Users navigate through cards rather than p ^ e s , with up
and down scroll keys instead of a mouse. Navigation ftmctions,
such as back, home and bookmark are also provided. TLS can
be used to provide data integrity checks and some degree of
encryption and authentication, which should reduce mobile
phone fraud and facilitate e-commerce applications.
• Gateway
A Web proxy server that translates requests between the WAP
protocol, and HTTP and TCP/IP used on Web servers. It also
includes content encoders, filters and decoders that translate
Web content into a simplified format, for display on WAP
devices. By caching frequently accessed data, the response time
from servers can be reduced.
• Server
One or more Web servers linked to subscriber databases,
positioning data, or information services. Standard Web
development tools can be used to develop WAP services, which
leverages the existing Web content. However, a WML front-end
is required to tailor the user interface to the needs of the WAP
user.
14
COPYRIGHT © UiTM3.2 Short Message Services (SMS)
According to Katrin Apel, Jani Antikainen, Kimmo Salminen and Bjom
Schvunburg (2001) the Short Message Service (SMS) is the ability to send and
receive text messages to and from mobile telephones. The text can comprise of
words or numbers or an alphanumeric combination. Each short message is up
to 160 characters in length when Latin alphabets are used, and 70 characters in
length when non-Latin alphabets such as Arabic and Chinese are used.
SMS is one of the few services in consumer history that has grown very
fast without corresponding decreases in pricing. Usually, even in the case of
voice mobile phones, price reductions in the cost of the phones and phone
service have led to increases in usage. Whilst these factors have helped to
bring younger people into the mobile market, the price of SMS itself stayed
steady because the networks were having trouble handling the volumes of
messages being sent and dared not reduce prices.
3.2.1 The element of the SMS Architecture
(iW U).40
SM-TL
C5M 03 47
SMS MAP
frant
TCAP
f^jB — SS7 SCCP
MTP
MSC
^
Server Ek
15
COPYRIGHT © UiTMJ
y
Figure 3.5: SMS Architecture
The architecture on Figure 3.5 by Hughes Software System (2004)
shows the basic network structure of the SMS. It consists of the following:
• Short Messaging Entity
SME is an entity, which may receive or send short messages. The SME
may be located in the fixed network, a mobile station or another service
center
• Short Message Service Center
SMSC is responsible for the relaying, store and forwarding of a short
message between an SME and mobile station
. SMS-Gateway MSC
SMS-Gateway MSC is an MSC capable of receiving a short message
fi-om an SMSC, "interrogating a home location register (HLR) for
routing information and delivering the short message to the visited
MSC of the recipient mobile station
16
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