TITANIC'S DOCK AND PUMP-HOUSE - POST-VISIT ACTIVITIES - D
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Post-visit Activities
TITANIC’s DOCK
and Pump-house
Northern Ireland Science Park
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DatContents Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Titanic’s Dock – A Timeline 01
Belfast – A Developing City 03
The Pump-House 05
Inside Titanic 07
Communication 09
Rules of Work 11
Shipyard Plan 13
Energy Matters 15
Information section Oral activity Keywords
Written activity Letter writingTITANIC’S DOCK Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Titanic Timeline
In 1907 Bruce Ismay, managing director of the White Star Line,
and Lord Pirrie, chairman of Harland & Wolff, decided to build two
huge liners that would concentrate on elegance, luxury, comfort
and safety.
The liners were to be named Olympic and Titanic and there were plans
also for a third ship, which some people say was to be named Gigantic,
but was changed to Britannic after Titanic’s disaster.
The following year the plans were drawn up in the drawing office of Lord Pirrie
Harland & Wolff under the general manager for design, Alexander Carlisle. chairman of
Harland & Wolff
In December 1908 the keel of Olympic was laid, followed by Titanic on
31st March 1909. By April 1910 Titanic was fully framed and on 31st May
1911 100,000 people gathered to witness her launch. Titanic was towed to
the Thompson deep water wharf in 1911 where she was fitted with things
such as engines, boilers, electrical generators, refrigeration equipment,
anchors and funnels.
On 3rd February 1912 Titanic was in the Dry-Dock
to have propellers fitted, hull painted and have any
launch fittings still attached to the hull removed.
At the beginning of April Titanic was completed
and ready to leave Belfast. She set sail from Belfast
bound for Southampton, arriving there just after
midnight on 3rd April 1912.
On 12th April 1912 Titanic, under the command Images (left to right)
of Captain Edward J Smith, sailed on her maiden Olympic and Titanic, 1912
voyage from Southampton bound for New York Shipyard worker’s ticket for the
calling at Cherbourg in France and Queenstown launch of Titanic, 1911
in Ireland. By the time she sailed from Queenstown White Star promotional booklet
there were 2,201 people on board. Ulster Folk and Transport Museum
01TITANIC’S DOCK Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
making a Timeline
Using the information about the building, launching and sailing of Titanic
make a timeline to chart what you consider to be the most important
milestones of her short life.
On the map below trace the maiden voyage of Titanic, from her birth Fascinating Fact
in Belfast, to her tragic ending in the North Atlantic. Can you mark on
the map where Titanic collided with the iceberg? Of the six or seven dogs
on board Titanic when she
sank, three survived.
Belfast
Queenstown Southhampton
Cherbourg
New York
Titanic and her sisters were the first of the gigantic ocean-going liners.
You will have some idea of their size from the size of the Dry-Dock that
housed them and the height of the current White Star House building,
which you saw on your visit.
Do some research to find some other nautical firsts. Make some notes
about each one and share the one you find most fascinating with the rest
of your class.
The first boat...
The first sailing ship...
The first steam ship...
The first hovercraft...
02Belfast – A developing city Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Today Belfast is a large, vibrant city with a population of 267, 374 (Source:
Belfast City Council). Unfortunately it no longer has a shipbuidling industry.
In the 16th century the entrance to the River Lagan offered trading opportunities and as a result
small settlements developed. One became Belfast and by the end of the 17th century it had a
population of 1,500 inhabitants. During the 18th century the population grew to about 20,000.
During the 19th century, when sailing ships gave way to steam ships, Belfast changed from a
semi-rural town to a city. In the Victorian age there was a great migration of people moving from
the country to the towns to find work in the factories, mills and in the case of Belfast the shipyard
as well. In 1888 Belfast was granted the status of a city.
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1. Belfast 1833 2. Belfast 1870
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53,287 174,000
Mud & sand banks
Belfast 3. Belfast 1910
Shipbuilding areas 387,000
(Source: Belfast City Council)
These three maps (above) show how Belfast developed from 1830 to the
time of Titanic.
03Belfast – A developing city Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Study the three maps carefully and identify the similarities and differences.
Look for changes in the river, the number of shipbuilding areas and the
growth in the number of buildings.
Similarities Differences
Draw a graph in the space below to show the growth in the population of Belfast.
Can you think of any reasons why the shipbuilding industry declined?
Do some research to find out if you are right.
04the Pump-House Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
The Pump-House is known as the beating heart of the yard.
The Dry-Dock and Pump-House, which were examples of innovation
on a grand scale, were opened on 1st April 1911 and named after
Robert Thompson, chairman of the Belfast Harbour Commissioners.
The Pumps
The three steam driven pumps were placed in a well 40 feet deep Robert Thompson
leaving them on a level with the bottom of the dock. They were capable of chairman of
draining all 21 million gallons of water from the dock in about 100 minutes. belfast harbour
commisioners
If you have difficulty picturing of 21 million gallons, it is enough water to fill
172 swimming pools or enough for 150 people to have a bath every week
for an entire lifetime. Not only were the pumps immensely powerful but
they were also capable of operating with great delicacy, raising and lowering
water levels by fractional amounts. The three steam engines remained in
operation until the 1950s when they were replaced by diesel engines.
The Pump-House was operating as recently as January 2001.
The Pumps The Hydraulic Accumulator
The Hydraulic Accumulator
Despite its very grand-sounding name the hydraulic accumulator was
a simple but very effective device. It is a huge cylinder which houses an
enormous concrete block. This block is lifted by steam power up to the top
of the cylinder inside the clock tower. The cylinder fills with water and then
the concrete block is released. As it moves down inside the cylinder it forces
the water into the underground pipes at great pressure. This pressure is
used to open the 1,000 ton caisson gate and also turn the capstans.
05the Pump-House Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
The Pumps
Step 1
With a partner discuss the following words. Write the words on cards
and decide which words are appropriate when describing the pumps.
try...
huge monstrous remarkable gentle
Water Pressure
robust innovative noisy powerful
With a partner investigate
delicate steam powered useful marvellous water pressure using
heavy gigantic solid flimsy an empty drinks bottle.
famous beautiful ugly important Make three small holes
down the side of the
Step 2 bottle. One partner will
Now reconsider the words you have chosen and put them in order block the holes using
of importance. If you think famous is the most important then put it their fingers. The other
number 1 and so on. Write your final decision on large sheet of paper. will fill the bottle with
water. Now remove
the fingers and observe
Step 3 the behaviour of water
Each set of partners will now join two others to make a group of six. under pressure.
Compare your list with the lists of the others and together make a new What conclusions
agreed list once you reach a consensus of opinion. can you reach?
Step 4
Finally the whole class will compare the lists and reach a class consensus.
The Hydraulic Accumulator
An apprentice was learning how the hydraulic accumulator worked and to
help him the supervisor wrote the sequence out on cards. Unfortunately
the apprentice has mixed them up. Can you help him put the sequence in
the correct order by numbering the sentences 1- 8.
The pressure opens the caisson gate and the capstans.
The concrete block is held up in the clock tower.
The cylinder fills with water.
The concrete block is lifted by steam power up into the clock tower.
The concrete block is released and moves downwards.
The concrete block rises up again.
The concrete block clicks two switches.
The water is forced out into the underground pipes under great pressure.
06inside the titanic Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
This cutaway picture shows you the interior of a ship. You can see the space given to the boilers
and engines and how the hull was divided into ‘watertight’ compartments by bulkheads. You can
also see the funnels, the propellers and the shaft tunnel, which housed the shaft that turned
the propeller. You will also find the cargo hold, the accommodation allocated to the crew and
the passenger accommodation which consisted of three classes, first, second and third.
Funnels
Propellers
Cargo hold
Boilers Engines Shaft tunnel
1 First Class
2 Second Class
3 Third Class
4 Crew’s quarters
1 2 3
4 3 3
Bulkheads
Second and Third Class
The first passengers to board Titanic were the 700 people travelling
third class at a cost of around £6. These were mainly the poor who
were emigrating in the hope of finding a better life in America.
Some of the men were travelling with the intention of sending for
their families once they were established. The accommodation was
segregated with single men placed forward and families and single
women berthed after. Although not luxurious by first class standards
many of the third class passengers were thrilled by the white painted
walls and ceilings, the electric lighting, the running water, the flush
toilets and regular meals served by waiters. Few had had such luxury
at home.
Next to board the ship were the 280 second passengers who enjoyed
better accommodation and had access to a well appointed library.
First Class
There were 324 wealthy passengers who had paid up to £500
for their ticket. Their lavish lifestyle continued as if they were staying
in a luxury hotel. They dressed for dinner each evening and had
a choice of two bands to entertain them, a trio playing in the
à la carte restaurant and a five piece orchestra playing in the Palm
Court. They also had access to a library, a swimming pool, a squash
court, a reading/writing room and even a Turkish bath.
From top to bottom;
Third class accomodation, the Grand
Staircase and first class accomodation
Ulster Folk and Transport Museum
07inside titanic Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Postcard
This is a copy of a postcard available to buy and send from Titanic. On your visit to the
Dry-Dock and Pump-House you assumed the role of a Titanic passenger. Write the
postcard telling someone at home about life on board the ship. Think about what the
ship is like, what you think of the accommodation and the food, and what you do all day.
Newspaper Reports
The sinking of Titanic made headline news across the world. Read the two headlines
from the newspapers from the day. You will notice the first one is totally inaccurate.
Everyone safe
Helpless giant being towed to port by Allan Liner
Daily Mirror, London
Titanic sinks 4 hours after hitting iceberg;
866 rescued by CARPATHIA, probably 1250 perish.
The new York Times
Discuss with your class the impact of these two differing headlines on your assumed
family (from the role play on the day of the visit). How would reporters in those days
have found out the news of the disaster? How has news reporting changed since then?
08communication Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Semaphore
In the days before ship-to-ship radio the method of communication
between ships sailing near each other was semaphore, a means
of signalling using pairs of flags. Different flag positions stood for
different letters and numbers as shown in the chart to the right.
It was useful only when the signaller was within sight of the
receiver but too far away for the sound to carry.
Morse Code
Morse Code is a way of sending messages using two kinds of
signal, a long one called a dash and a short one called a dot.
Each letter and number has a distinct pattern. By sending long and
short bursts of radio waves along a wire a transmitter could send a
clear message. This method of communication was invented by an
American, Samuel Morse, and first went into use in 1844.
Semaphore signal key
et Characters
Morse Code Alphab
Communication from aboard Titanic
The method of communication on board Titanic
was the use of the sea-going wireless invented by
Guglielmo Marconi who had planned to travel on
Titanic with his family but he had cancelled. Titanic
had two wireless operators who were kept busy
during the voyage with messages sent to and from
the wealthy. Sometimes a message arrived for
the captain and normally these were taken to the
bridge. On the night of the tragedy the wireless
operator received a message warning of ice but it
never reached the bridge. Just after midnight a CQD
message was transmitted from Titanic. This is the
distress code introduced by Marconi. Later on the
first ever SOS message was sent but unfortunately
no ship was close enough to arrive in time to help.
Can Communication in the shipyard
There were occasions when the shipyard workers
needed to communicate with each other but found
themselves too far apart to be heard. They devised
an ingenious method of communicating using tin
Morse Code cans on which they tapped a message.
09communication Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
CQD and SOS
Although CQD is supposedly a simple code for distress as introduced by Marconi, it is
generally taken to mean Come Quick Danger. SOS is also an international code-signal for
extreme distress and it is generally given the words Save Our Souls. Can you think of any
other messages suggested by these letters? Think up some more distress signals and
write them down with their first letters eg Iceberg, Ship Sinking – ISS.
Semaphore
Make yourself a pair of flags with which to try out semaphore. Work in groups of 4 –
one pair on one side of the room or in the corridor and the other pair quite far away but
still within sight. Start off by sending a simple one-word communication and build up to
sending a short sentence. Then swap over and the first group become the receivers.
Record the messages you receive in the spaces provided
Morse Code
You can try your skills at sending a message using Morse Code. On the night Titanic sank
Mr Boxall, who was Fourth Officer, used distress signal rockets to try to attract attention
and he also used Morse Code by light from the bridge of Titanic in the direction of a ship
whose lights he saw about 5 or 6 miles away. Discuss with your group what the message
might have been and, using a torch, send the message to another group in the class.
Electrical Circuit
Now try to use electrical light to send a Morse Code message by setting up an electric
circuit with a switch. Send messages using either light or sound. Perhaps try CQD or SOS
and your own distress calls devised in the first activity on this page.
Can Communication
As you have heard the shipyard workers had their own unique method of communication
using tin cans and tapping them. Can you devise you own method of communication using
the same idea? Give some thought to the messages they would have needed to send.
10rules of work Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
This shows you the rules of work in Harland & Wolff in 1888 and as you will
read at the top of the sheet, they were for all persons employed and engaged.
11rules of work Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Study the Rules of Work to be observed in the shipyard in 1888.
1. Hours
Workers were paid on average £3 a week.
Using the information in Rules 1-3 work out;
(a) How many hours in a normal week a worker would put in to
receive his £3?
(b) How much he was paid for an hour?
(c) How much he would earn if he worked 4 hours overtime on Saturday?
(d) How many hours those on night-shift worked?
2. Offences
There were many offences in the yard for which workers could be
fined or dismissed or have to pay the cost
Working in a group of 4 make two titles (as directly above in bold). Now identify
the offences and write each one on a card. Please note that there are quite
a few offences in one sentence in the rules but you need to separate them,
allowing one card per offence.
(a) Divide them into the two categories under your headings.
(b) Discuss them with the other members of the group and divide each
group into two sub-groups – those you consider to be fair and those you
consider to be unfair.
fair unfair
Give reasons and justify your choice.
(c) Make a priority pyramid on a large piece of paper and place the rules
on it with the least important at the bottom and the most important at
the top.
3. Letter
You will need your teacher to supply you with a new page for this activity.
During the late 18th and early 19th century many people moved from the
country to find work in the city.
Imagine you are a shipyard worker with a friend who lives in the country.
He has written to you to say he is thinking about coming to Belfast to look
for work in the shipyard. Write a response to his letter outlining your feelings
about the working conditions.
Use the rules to find items of interest to tell him.
12shipyard plan Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
On your visit you will have seen very little of the great shipyard that once was on Queen’s Island
but a look at this plan will let you see the extent of Harland & Wolff’s shipyard in the early 1900s.
It shows the engineering and other facilities to be found there. It also shows the 9 slipways where
the ships were built.
Below the plan, there is a photograph of the drawing office where the plans for Titanic
and Olympic were drawn up before being built on slipways 2 and 3.
MUSGRAVE CHANNEL ROAD
PATTERN
FOUNDRY
FITTING BODY SHOP
TIMBER STORES
COPPER
SMITHS
BRASS
STEAM CRANE
ELECTRIC GALVANIZING PLANT
SAWMILL
TIMBER TIMBER PATTERN
STORES
STORAGE YARD
DYING SHEDS
ALEXANDRA DOCK WORKS
ERECTING SHOP
MUSGRAVE ROAD
ABERCORN ROAD
TURNING SHOP
HAMILTON ROAD
FITTING SHOP
FITTING SHOP
FORGE
FOUNDRY
TIMBER
TIMBER
FOUNDRY
STORAGE SHED
TIMBER STORE
GENERAL
IRON
IRON
STORE
OIL TANK
UPHOLSTERy
SHOP
PAINT SHOP BOILER SHOP
SNEER LEGS
QUEEN’S ROAD
MASK SHED JOINERS OFFICES
SHOP ABERCORN
GRAVING DOCK
SH B E R D
OP S
BASIN
UM OA
CABINET MAKERS
PL IA R
PLATERS SHED
NO 1. FITTING
SHOP NO 9 OUT JETTY
R
. SLI
TO
LI P P
S STORE NO 8.
VIC
1. SLIP
NO
IP
2 . SL
NO NO 7. SLIP NO 2. FITTING
OUT JETTY
LI P SMITHS SHED
3. S NO 6. SLIP
NO
PLATERS SHED PLATERS SHED
NO 5. SLIP
Courtesy of Belfast Harbour Commissioners
13shipyard plan Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Study the shipyard plan and identify
(a) the slips, docks and jetties
(b) the storage spaces
(c) the buildings/workshops
Make 3 lists dividing the items on the plan into these 3 categories
The slips, docks and jetties The storage spaces The buildings/workshops
Occupations
When you visited the Dock you found out some of the occupations of the men who worked in the
shipyard from your team name on the Outdoor Quest and from listening to the guide;
Looking at the plan and the photograph on the previous page, can find some more occupations?
Who worked in the forge? Who worked in the copper smith’s shop?
Who worked in the foundry? Who worked in the drawing office?
Try to identify 15-20 occupations relating
to the shipyard, not forgetting the bosses.
Web of Shipyard Life
For this activity you will need 15-20 cards and a long ball of string.
– You may need to do some research to find out about these occupations.
– Once you have done this, each occupation should be written on a card.
– The cards should now be distributed to the members of the class who will give some thought to
what the occupation entails and why it is important.
– If there are more pupils than occupations two pupils may share one occupation.
All pupils will sit in a circle.
– Decide which occupation is where the life of a ship begins and give the ball of string to that
person who states his/her occupation and why it is important.
– The ball is then passed to the person opposite who does the same.
– Continue like this until every occupation has had an input.
– If all the pupils lean backwards just a little the string will tighten and a discussion can take place
about what would happen if the string was cut or one occupation was removed from the web.
14energy matters Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Potential and kinetic
Energy is what makes things happen and there are many different types of energy.
Potential and kinetic are two classes of energy. Potential energy is energy stored
but not yet released. Kinetic energy is energy on the move.
During your study of Titanic’s Dock and Pump-House you will have come across many
types of energy because without it nothing can happen.
Furnace The furnace was used to burn coal and a chemical reaction takes place
which converts its chemical energy into heat energy. The heat energy
is used to turn water into steam, the pressure of which was used to turn
the pump.
Pumps Energy from steam is used to turn a propeller inside the pump.
The pump drew the water from the dock and pumped it into the sea.
Hydraulic The energy for this machine is the chemical energy produced by burning
Accumulator coal to produce steam. The pressure of the steam drove the pump that
raised the concrete block. While it was suspended the block contained
potential energy, but once it started to fall the kinetic energy became
mechanical energy. It is the pull of gravity that produces the energy of
the falling block.
Capstans The energy that turned the capstans came from the pressure of the water.
Riveter The riveter needed to use the energy provided by his food to hammer
in the rivets.
Caisson The water pressure from the hydraulic accumulator was sufficient to
Gate move the enormous caisson gate.
Riveter
Pumps Hydraulic Accumulator
Capstans Caisson Gate Furnace
15energy matters Northern Ireland Science Park
Post–visit Activities
Memory Game
For this activity the teacher will need to prepare a sheet
of information based on the energy information sheet. It will
need 8-10 sentences and will need to be copied for each team.
The sheets are then displayed at the front of the room.
Pupils will be asked to commit the contents of the sheet to memory,
so before the game begins they must have time to discuss and
agree strategies.
Pupils from each group take turns to come up to the front and
study the information for a pre-agreed amount of time.
When all the pupils have had a turn the teacher will remove
the sheets.
Each group must now try to reproduce the sheet as accurately
as possible.
When groups have completed the activity they will compare their
effort with the original and discuss the strategies they employed
to help them remember the information.
Jeopardy
Below you will find a list of answers to questions about
energy. Working in groups try to devise a question to match
each answer.
1. Before it falls the hydraulic accumulator has potential energy.
2. The energy in the hydraulic accumulator forces water around
the pipes.
3. The riveters’ energy comes from their food.
4. It is burned to produce heat which is used to change water
into steam.
5. The pressure from steam makes the pumps work.
6. It is obtained from coal by burning it.
7. The main energy sources in the Dry-Dock and Pump-House
are water, steam and coal.
8. It is a chemical reaction.
9. You call that potential energy.
10. That is right, nothing can happen without it.
11. There are two types.
12. It could not work without it.
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