THOSE PESKY ANIMALS WITH STINGING CELLS - CNIDARIA MEANS "STINGING CELL" - Sewanhaka
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CNIDARIA THOSE PESKY ANIMALS WITH STINGING CELLS!!! CNIDARIA MEANS “STINGING CELL”
BASIC ORGANISM TYPES
SEA ANEMONE
HYDRA
JELLYFISH CORAL
1. RADIAL SYMMETRY
TENTACLES MOUTH
MOUTH IN THE
CENTER
SURROUNDED BY
TENTACLES
PROVIDES FOOD &
PROTECTION FROM
ALL SIDES
2. BODY HAS ONE OPENING
WASTES,
• FOOD ENTERS THE GAMETES
FOOD IN
MOUTH & IS DIGESTED OUT
IN THE STOMACH
• WASTES ARE EXCRETED
OUT OF THE MOUTH
• GAMETES (SPERM/EGG)
ARE RELEASED FROM THE
MOUTH
3. NERVE NET THERE IS NO BRAIN NERVES COVER THE BODY BUT CAN NOT TELL THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BODY PARTS.
4. FEEDING BEHAVIOR
• CNIDARIANS ARE
PASSIVE CARNIVORES
THEY DO NOT
ACTIVELY HUNT!
Sea Anemone feeding 2:45min
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYV
HK2vM1_Y&feature=youtu.be
4. FEEDING BEHAVIOR
A. TENTACLES – SURROUND THE MOUTH AND
ARE USED FOR PROTECTION & TO CATCH PREY
B. CNIDOCYTES - COVER THE TENTACLES,
THEY CONTAIN NEMATOCYSTS
C. TRIGGER - RELEASE THE NEMATOCYST
WHEN TOUCHED
D. NEMATOCYSTS - STINGING THREADS
D. NEMATOCYST
A. TENTACLES
C. TRIGGER
B. CNIDOCYTE
5. TWO TISSUE LAYERS
1. EPIDERMIS –
OUTER LAYER
2. GASTRODERMIS –
STOMACH CAVITY
MESOGLEA –
JELLY-LIKE MATERIAL BETWEEN
TISSUE LAYERS.
**JELLYFISH HAVE A THICK
LAYER TO HELP THEM FLOAT**
POLYP CHARACTERISTICS
1. LOCOMOTION - STATIONARY
2. TENTACLES – EXTEND UPWARD
3. MOUTH – ON TOP OF BODY
4. MESOGLEA – VERY LITTLE
5. PEDAL DISK – FOR ATTACHMENT
6. EXAMPLES – HYDRA, CORAL,
SEA ANEMONES
RINGED ANEMONE
RETRACTED ANEMONE
MEDUSA CHARACTERISTICS
1. LOCOMOTION – MOBILE/FLOAT
2. TENTACLES – HANG DOWNWARD
3. MOUTH – UNDERNEATH BODY
4. MESOGLEA – A LOT HELPS FLOAT
5. STATOCYSTS – SPECIAL CELLS
FOR BALANCE
5. ORAL ARMS – TO HOLD PREY
6. EXAMPLES – JELLYFISHMOON
JELLYFISH
LION’S MANE
JELLYFISHSEA WASP or BOX JELLYFISH
Jellyfish 4min
https://youtu.be/9z8ujpPgUjIREPRODUCTION OF CORALS
CORAL REEFS ARE BUILT BY MILLIONS OF
CORAL POLYPS OVER THOUSANDS OF YEARS
EACH POLYP CREATES A “CUP” OF
CALCIUM CARBONATE TO LIVE IN
POLYPS ARE
CONNECTED
OLD SKELETONS
“CUPS”ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION CORALS REPRODUCE ASEXUALLY BY BUDDING, THIS PROCESS HELPS A COLONY TO GROW
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION CORALS REPRODUCE SEXUALLY ONCE A YEAR BY RELEASING GAMETES INTO THE WATER. THIS PRODUCES NEW COLONIES CORAL SPAWNING – 2 min https://youtu.be/wsaZ8-I7akg
Coral reefs 9 min
https://youtu.be/hHCCih9cHxw
HARD CORALS
REEF BUILDERS –
USE CALCIUM CARBONATE
FOR THEIR SKELETON
EACH SPECIES HAS A UNIQUE
COLONY & CUP DESIGN
EXAMPLES:
BRAIN, STAR,
ELKHORN,Day – polyps retracted BRANCHING CORAL Night – polyps feeding
Day – polyps retracted BOULDER CORAL Night – polyps feeding
BOULDER CORAL POLYPS
LETTUCE
CORAL
ROSE
CORALFLOWER CORAL w/ ARROW CRAB
SOFT CORALS SECRETE CALCIUM SPICULES IN A FLEXIBLE SUBSTANCE CALLED GORGONIN EX: SEA FANS, SEA WHIPS
GIANT SEA WHIP
DANSEA PLUME
PURPLE SEA FAN
DEEP-SEA FAN
FIRE CORALS & HYDRAS NOT TRUE CORALS THEY ARE HYDRA WHICH CREATE A HARD STRUCTURE FIRE CORAL STINGS RESULT IN EXTREMELY PAINFUL BURNS ON THE SKIN
FERN HYDROID
HERMIT CRAB WITH HYDRA
PORTUGUESE MAN 0F WAR
ACTUALLY A COLONY
OF 4 TYPES OF POLYPS
1. create the float
2. make the tentacles
3. digests the food
4. perform reproduction
POW 2:30min
https://www.youtube.com
/watch?v=RBdCpcapB0sMUTUALISM MUTUALISM BETWEEN CNIDARIANS AND OTHER ORGANISMS IS COMMON. EACH ORGANISM HELPS THE OTHER TO SURVIVE, LIKE BEST FRIENDS.
1. ANEMONES & JELLYFISH with FISH or SHRIMP BENEFIT FOR THE ANEMONE OR JELLYFISH: • PREY IS ATTRACTED TO OTHER ANIMAL • KEEP ANEMONE/JELLY CLEAN & HEALTHY BENEFIT FOR FISH OR SHRIMP: • GET PROTECTION & FOOD SCRAPS Clownfish 6:45 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOcLDWRuXs8
2. SEA ANEMONE & HERMIT CRABS BENEFIT FOR ANEMONE - • MOBILITY & EXTRA FOOD FROM CRAB BENEFIT FOR HERMIT CRAB - • PROTECTION & CAMOUFLAGE Hermit crab 3 min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dYFALyP2e7U
3. CORAL & ZOOXANTHELLAE ALGAE ALGAE CELLS LIVE IN THE TISSUES OF THESE ANIMALS. THEY PRODUCE FOOD (GLUCOSE) FOR THE CORAL THE CORAL PROVIDES A HOME CORAL BLEACHING 3:30min https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QltN3FjwTu0 CORAL BLEACHING DUE TO STRESS, CORALS EXPEL THE ALGAE FROM THEIR BODIES & TURN WHITE (ALGAE GAVE THEM COLOR). THEY WILL STARVE & DIE WITHOUT THE ALGAE.
COMB JELLIES
PHYLUM CTENOPHORA
BASIC CHARACTERISTICS:
• DO NOT HAVE STINGING CELLS
• USE CILIA TO FILTER WATER
• TENTACLES HAVE STICKY
MUCUS TO CATCH FOOD
• MANY CREATE LIGHT USING
BIOLUMINESCENCEComb Jellies 2:15 https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=sTFskdKVNs4
Up Close & Personal
with a
Sea
AnemoneTENTACLES – MOUTH RING –
capture prey & carry expands & contracts
food to the mouth to open & close
around different food
SEPTA – walls which
secrete enzymes &
absorb nutrientsSEPTA – INCREASE SURFACE AREA TO
INCREASE THE RATE OF DIGESTION
NO SEPTA WITH SEPTA
LITTLE A LOT OF
SURFACE AREA SURFACE AREATENTACLES –
capture prey & carry MOUTH RING –
food to the mouth expands & contracts
to open & close
STOMACH – around different food
cavity where
digestion occurs
BODY WALL – SEPTA – walls which
has muscles for secrete enzymes &
contraction & absorb nutrients
expansion
PEDAL DISK –
GONADS – produce muscular tissue for
sperm & egg cells for attachment to surface
sexual reproductionYou can also read
