THE TIDE TURNING DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION - BCP Seafront Projects
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TURNING THE TIDE DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY....................................................................4
CONTENTS 2. SETTING THE SCENE ......................................................................6
a. Situational analysis ...................................................................... 6
b. Our vision & mission....................................................................10
c. Further research and consultation...............................................11
3. ACTIVITY PLANS.........................................................................12
a. Waste reduction activities ...........................................................13
Bottled water & drinks........................................................................14
Hot drinks ...........................................................................................18
Cold drinks .........................................................................................22
Takeaways (packaging, cutlery & sachets).......................................24
Cigarettes ...........................................................................................27
Paper ...................................................................................................30
Disposable BBQs ...............................................................................32
Ice-creams & lollies ........................................................................... 34
b. Procurement, supply chain & waste ............................................37
c. Envirohub plan............................................................................42
d. Education plan ...........................................................................55
e. Marketing & communications plan..............................................61
4. EVALUATION..............................................................................74
a. Evaluation Framework .................................................................76
5. MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................78
a. Staffing, resource & project management ...................................78
b. Risk management .......................................................................79
c. Timing plans ................................................................................79
6. COST & VALUE ..........................................................................80
a. Economic development ..............................................................80
b. Commercial considerations .......................................................81
c. Budgets ......................................................................................82
7. NOTES .....................................................................................85
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EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Advances in single-use packaging technology have transformed retail and food-to-
go over the past 30 years, leading to a major escalation in waste and littering. On its
seafront, BCP council spends over £1 million pounds per year managing this waste,
which is sent to a local Mechanical Biological Facility (MBT). Here metals are separated
for recycling and the remaining waste is processed into compost for land remediation or
fuel for energy recovery, which reduces reliance on higher carbon fuels such as gas. In
the summer, when thousands of visitors flock to Bournemouth Pier larger quantities of
litter are generated particularly in hot spots such as Bournemouth Pier and nearby areas,
increasing the profile of the problem for local residents.
Environmental campaigning organisation City • E
mbed sustainable behaviours in future
to Sea has come on board to develop a plan generations through an award-winning
that will: education programme that inspires
environmental guardianship.
• R
educe the amount of waste being
• S
howcase best practice and inspire visitors
generated and managed by BCP Council and
by amplifying BCP Council’s message and
associated costs
mission using the Envirohub at Durley Chine
• S
uggest how the new Envirohub at Durley as a focal point.
Chine can support and elevate the plan
City to Sea’s award-wining and proven
• E
ngage schools in the region Refill campaign and app will support the
• G
enerate jobs and income transformation of seaside operations following
the legally enshrined Waste Hierarchy.
Our mission over the next 3 years (to 2025) Phase 1 of this activity is complete – the
is to transform operational and behavioural research, stakeholder interviews, design and
norms away from single-use to reuse, to development of the plan. Phase 2 will take
develop a leading, low impact destination. BCP place over the coming 6 to 8 months, to prepare
Council will leverage the opportunity to draw a the activities for launch. We recommend a
connection between peoples’ behaviours and 3-year commitment to follow the plan through,
the natural environment, inspiring change to coinciding with the length of the UK Plastic
protect 15 miles of coastline. The plan presents Pact targets to 2025 (2).
recommendations that:
Throughout this period, seafront operations
• D
eliver systems change by redesigning the will transform from linear to circular, with
choices presented to consumers, weighting schemes piloted at council outlets for roll-out
refill and reuse over single-use, and making it across the region. The plan will be delivered
“easy, attractive, social and timely” (1). as a partnership between City to Sea and BCP
Council. The initial investment is c. £370,000
• D
rive behaviour change (adopting proven for set up, with running costs of c. £230,000 a
theories including social practice and year. Revenue generation models will ensure
behavioural sciences) to change the dominant the financial sustainability of the programme.
throwaway culture and establish a new normal.
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PREVENTION
SETTING
THE SCENE
REUSE
RECYCLING
Over the past 4 months City to Sea has developed a comprehensive understanding of BCP
Council’s mission and objectives, and the conditions influencing how this ambitious plan will
be developed. The team has sought key insights from stakeholders and via research activities
at the resort. As environmental campaigning, behaviour change and circular economy experts, RECOVERY
City to Sea understand the wider environment, internationally and locally, that will influence
this project, and has an extensive specialist network to elevate the outcomes.
D I SP O S A L
THE WASTE HEIRACHY
A) SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Political conditions: The global pandemic has unemployment. Local government budgets share of the richest 1% increased from 7% to 8.3% refill. The government has committed to using
taken the spotlight from environmental issues have been reduced for several years and central between FYE 2011 and FYE 2020. (8) Research the tax system to drive change. Due to roll out in
over the past 18 months and significantly hit the government is looking to address a crisis in social by Beaufort (2010) found that litter can be more 2023, Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR)
progress made in reducing single-use plastic in care and NHS funding by increasing National prominent in areas of social deprivation, where it (11) will see the full cost of collecting household
business. The G7 Summit in Cornwall in June Insurance contributions. Food-to-go and hospitality is seen as a minor issue, especially if an area is waste shift from the taxpayer to producers, to
2021, Glasgow’s COP26 in November 2021 and sectors have had a particularly tough time during rundown. (9) deliver a more circular economy for packaging
extreme climate change-related weather events the pandemic, and shopping is increasingly where greater quantities of recyclable waste are
Technological progress: Relevant emerging
around the globe are pushing environmental moving online. Growth in sustainable shopping is reprocessed into valuable, high-quality secondary
trends in technology include the growth in refill
issues back up the agenda. Prime Minister Boris predicted, as a response to consumer demand and resources. Deposit return schemes (DRS) were first
and reuse solutions, including reusable packaging
Johnson has pledged “to make this country the market innovation.(4) announced in 2018 to reduce litter by giving back
systems and reverse vending machines. Innovate
cleanest, greenest on earth, with the most far- a small cash sum to consumers who return their
Social factors: In 2018 it was estimated that the UK is funding collaborative research and
reaching environmental programme”.(3) BCP bottles and cans. The legislation has been delayed
population in the BCP area would grow more development projects that can unlock refill and
Council is emerging from a time of political until 2024.(12)
slowly that the national average, with Christchurch reuse at scale. During the pandemic people have
change and organisational restructuring. The
and Poole highlighted as a growth area and the become accustomed to ordering and paying for Environmental emergency: This project is part
council has declared a climate emergency, with
Bournemouth population decreasing slightly. This products using apps and QR codes, so low contact of an international ecosystem of research, action
public-facing strategic commitments, and is
may be impacted by the pandemic inspiring an ecommerce platforms have developed. This has and legislation. Climate crisis, waste prevention
significantly increasing staff resources dedicated
exodus from London. 53% of the population is over also been enhanced by improved Wi-Fi and internet and moving towards a circular economy are
to its achievement. Previously, waste prevention
40, with a considerably larger representation of connectivity nationally. City to Sea’s Refill app is key legislative and business priorities. The Ellen
campaigning has been driven by a need to publicly
over 65s than the national average. 88.4% of the supporting the new market, including promoting MacArthur Foundation and the UK Plastic Pact are
respond to an anti-social issue rather than by
population identified as White British in the census, Refill at home and driving new sectors such as driving forward targets for refill and reuse, including
scientific or long-term strategic planning.
with White Other making up 5.1% and a small health & beauty and cleaning. refill and return, at home and on the go.(13) The
Economic forces: Tourism contributes around Asian/Black African and Caribbean population Climate Change Committee highlighted that
Legal: Although the Waste Hierarchy is enshrined
£1 billion (£1,000 million) to the local economy coming in 3rd and 4th. There are areas of extreme change “cannot rest on individuals alone, councils,
in law, primary research from City to Sea’s Food-
in the region. As a result of Covid-19, staycations wealth (Poole’s average house price is £453,588 (5) businesses and organisations need to provide
to-go: Good to go? report published in 2020 (10)
are on the rise. Brexit and the pandemic have in comparison to a national average of £268,000) the infrastructure for individuals to change”. (14)
revealed that the sector is largely disregarding
also presented a unique set of circumstances, (6) and also deprivation (central Boscombe A quarter of Britons say the environment is the
the hierarchy, relying on ‘broken’ recycling
such as a shortage of seasonal hospitality ranking highly with indices of deprivation) (7) and third most important issue facing the country after
infrastructure and introducing false solutions such
staff and migration from London. As furlough nationally the gap between ‘rich’ and ‘poor’ has Brexit and health, ahead of the economy, crime and
as bioplastic rather than investing in prevention
ends a recession is predicted, with growth in increased: over the past 10 years the income immigration. (15)
and circular solutions such as and reuse and
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SWOT ANALYSIS FOR THE LOW IMPACT DESTINATION PROJECT
WHAT STRENGTHS ARE WE PLAYING TO WHAT ARE OUR WEAKNESSES? WHAT OPPORTUNITIES CAN WE EXPLOIT? WHAT RISKS SHOULD WE ADDRESS?
• C
ontrol – BCP Council owns and operates much • C
omplexity – multiple categories, campaigns • T
echnology – the Refill app a behaviour • C
onsistent long-term commitment in the face of
of the site and messaging could confuse audiences change tool competing demands and agendas.
• Conflict between kiosks generating revenue and • F
inancial challenges and demands for BCP
• T
he Envirohub inspires and secures commitment
reducing waste when some of the best sellers • U
pcoming DRS legislation supports our strategy Council to fund itself through the kiosks and
from BCP Council
are the biggest polluters beach activities may impact on our ambition
• C
ompostable packaging is deemed the ideal
• The
project is truly pioneering among councils • D
emands of high season and fast-service
solution by the public, politicians and retailers
and governments delivery models versus low-season usage • A
ppetite for plastic reduction worldwide
– ‘guilt-free single-use’ – although it’s a false
solution as it ends up being incinerated
• In
the summer, due to high footfall, waste and
litter management around Bournemouth Pier • C
onnection to wildlife – awareness/value of
• Refill is a strong pre-existing campaign in the • L
ocals perceive littering to be the issue, not
is an intensive, damage limitation process. nature inspires sustainable behaviour such as
BCP area waste reduction
Messaging may not cut through in this area correct disposal of litter
during busy periods.
• C
limate emergency declaration, political • T
he perceived effort of any returnable scheme
• Local
people who are present all year round
• No
existing washing and logistics infrastructure awareness events, e.g. COP26 that requires queuing
are a good cohort to trial systems change and
in place in the region
model new behaviour
• Inattentional blindness to messages from day
• Social
channels with large following are • C
ommitted BCP Council staff and departments
• Waste
reduction will solve littering, which is an visitors
corporate or destination-focused, covering a
emotive topic for locals
wide range of topics and audiences
• B
acklash from visitors inconvenienced by
• Strong and engaged stakeholder network • S
trong stakeholder and business relationships systems change, e.g. levy perceived as a tax by
• Need
to balance corporate and operational
including businesses, universities, community the council
messaging with limited space
groups and NGOs
• R
ecycling infrastructure is insufficient, and waste
• M
arketing messages do not reach the right
• Access
to data throughout the supply chain • Need
to balance with tourism objectives of diverted from landfill is sent for incineration,
consumers, and limited budgets mean day
and partners to design a rigorous evaluation attracting people and encouraging them to therefore Refill is the only viable solution to BCP
visitors cannot be engaged
framework spend Council’s challenges
• No ‘one size fits all’ approach that will work for
• Leverage
through BCP Council’s role as landlord • R
evenue generation, e.g. levy/charge on
all areas, different visitor profiles in different
and client single-use items
parts of the beach
• T
he park cafes are trialling returnable cups and
• Diverse
and precious natural habitats valued by
planning a latte levy and there is a reuse-only
visitors and residents
model for cold drinks in the Kings Park Stadium
• A
ccess to a huge network of free or low-cost
• High profile partners are interested in partnering
marketing and communications channels that
on the project
can be used to promote the campaign, including
a large, combined reach through existing social
• Infrastructure
projects to conserve nature, such media channels
as artificial rock pools, are active in the region
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B) OUR 3-YEAR VISION & MISSION C) CONSULTATION – PHASE 2: NOVEMBER 2021-MARCH 2022
Additional research and consultation will be required in phase 2 to prepare for the launch. This will ensure
V
ISION: For BCP Council to become a leader in sustainable seaside destination that our recommendations are appropriate for audiences and deliver the most impact. Partners will
contribute to discussions that unlock new reuse products and services, and scope the required supporting
management, developing a low impact resort where visitors and residents demonstrate
infrastructure.
strong environmental stewardship. To embed refill and reuse at every touchpoint to
change the dominant consumption culture in a positive way. Activities will include: climate-friendly options with local stakeholder
consultation
• C
ommercial planning to test the business
models supporting seaside operations, Seaside • E
xploring partnerships and costing/scoping the
YEAR 1: Establish the minimum standards Additional benefits where our plan answers School and the Envirohub and explore revenue solutions
for waste prevention and systems policy commitments: streams for BCP Council and City to Sea
• C
o-creating cigarette campaign with target
and behaviour change, and start to • V
isits to site to identify priority areas for audiences, and identifying level of priority
• C
ommercial models in this plan can unlock
engage all key stakeholders. Launch suggested activities, e.g. smoking zones, cup
financial sustainability for the partnership • D
eveloping the model for levies and reusable
the Envirohub and Seaside School and pilots, tap locations and branding
between BCP Council and City to Sea schemes with key stakeholders, understanding
make an impact in local and national
media. Establish benchmarking for • S
ocial justice – inclusive campaigns, • L
ocal consultation on an arts trail/design for the profitability, customer satisfaction and
evaluation. accessible to a wide audience, targeted tap locations operational challenges
to those most in need in the case of • F
ollow-up on the cup levy trial on disposable • R
efill, Envirohub and BCP Council volunteers’
YEAR 2: Exceed minimum standards for waste Seaside School cups being considered for the park kiosks consultation, recruitment and 3-year plan
prevention and systems and behaviour (timescales for this are unknown at present)
• J
ob generation – creation of new roles and • S
chool and teacher engagement, designing and
change. Leverage partnerships and
enrichment of existing roles with opportunities • B
enchmarks project to observe behaviours in testing Seaside School business model
stakeholder relationships to increase
for new and current staff on the team to Refill stations, and set the magic Refill numbers
reach and impact. Demonstrate • C
onsidering integrations between Refill app and
upskill and train per category to inform impact reporting
ambition and learning from year 1. BCP Council Beach app
• P
lan delivers on climate action targets • R
esearching student behaviours on, and
YEAR 3: E
xtend the approach throughout the (16) sending less waste to incineration and • B
CP Council exploratory stakeholder meetings,
attitudes to, the beach. Opportunities for
region and position BCP Council as reducing meat on the menu will reduce carbon e.g. RNLI, universities, businesses
collaboration on Refill schemes with the
the pioneering leader, presenting our emissions university to model behaviour in multiple • P
artnership sell-in to local businesses
learning across the UK. Establish locations
• M
edia attention – position BCP Council as a • R
eaching out to sustainable and local suppliers
self-funding business model for years
leader among UK councils, generating media • P
ier caterers consultation and engagement, for catering facilities
ahead.
coverage to enhance reputation testing our approach and our ambitions, • Finalising evaluation framework
• P
ublic health – keeping people hydrated, fruit understanding the blockers and identifying a
introduced to kiosk menu choices hierarchy of actions • E
nvirohub planning documents written:
• M
arketing and communications team to review > Exhibition & display plan
efficacy of other campaigns and prepare > Staffing & volunteer plan
messaging for launch,
> Community consultation to ensure
• D
eveloping designs for the kiosk fascia and accessibility to visitors with additional/
redesigning the menu boards to highlight the complex needs
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ACTIVITY PLANS A) WASTE REDUCTION ACTIVITIES
BCP Council handles 2,500 tonnes of binned with appropriate role models may appeal
PHASE 3: JANUARY 2022-MARCH 2025 waste and 150-250 tonnes of beach litter per to this demographic, building a campaign
year. The costs for beach cleaning (£500,000) on how ‘cool people don’t litter’. This was
equal the cost of emptying bins and processing achieved in the 1980s in Texas with the ‘don’t
waste combined (£250,000 for each activity). mess with Texas’ campaign; however, in a
The current waste management process holiday resort with transient young visitors
channels mixed materials via general waste this may be ineffective, especially if littering
to incineration for energy recovery. Cans are is a social norm in their home setting.
sorted for recycling. In recent years the catering
• Behavioural psychologists identify a cost-
team have worked on a number of areas such
benefit analysis that litterers undertake,
as phasing out some single-use plastic items
balancing the effort of holding onto
and switching to wooden cutlery and canned
packaging, and the benefit of doing so,
drinks over plastic.
versus the ease of littering. If packaging has
The Waste Hierarchy requires anyone a value there is more benefit to returning it.
managing waste to first consider prevention, Creating a feedback loop where someone
followed by preparing for reuse, recycling, is rewarded for returning rubbish or given a
other methods of recovery (for example energy financial incentive has proven effective. In the
recovery) and, lastly, disposal. (17) This plan Netherlands, deposit return schemes achieve
will help BCP council to follow the Waste a 95% return rate for PET bottles, compared
Hierarchy through its catering and waste to 66% of non-deposit PET bottles (European
management policies. Parliament, 2011). (19) When someone does
litter, others pick up bottles to benefit from the
APPLYING LITTERING BEHAVIOUR INSIGHTS deposit.
• Zero Waste Scotland estimates that the 20p
• A
reduction in single-use materials on the incentive put on plastic bottles and cans will
market will impact both waste reduction lead to a 90% reduction in people throwing
and littering management. Littering research away plastic bottles, meaning cleaner outdoor
shows that the reasons people choose to spaces and a reduction in plastic pollution in
litter are complex and varied, depending on our seas. (20)
the individuals and their social situation,
and highlights the benefit of reducing waste This plan considers several waste and
streams as a method to reduce littering. littering streams, with a focus on waste
reduction as the solution, presenting a menu
• R
esearch has shown that litter creates more of recommendations for the first 3 years. We
litter, the more there is the more people drop, suggest littering prevention where this is the
the cleaner a space, the less likely people only option, e.g. cigarettes. Given the number of
are to drop litter. Regular clean ups prevent impact areas and the limited time and channels
spaces reaching the ‘littering tipping point’ to communicate with visitors, the plan ranks the
through reducing visibility. (18) recommendations in order, with preference for
• The group most likely to litter are 18-34 year easy wins and greatest impacts. We recommend
olds, rebelling against society and fitting in using the Envirohub to trial novel solutions.
with their peers. Addressing this by working
14 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 15
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES
• S
ingle-use water bottles are a top-selling • T
he Refill campaign is in operation in the region with
item in BCP Council-managed outlets. local community groups actively supporting it
Large quantities of bottled water are • T
here is an existing network of freely accessible
consumed in the region every year, with drinking water taps along the waterfront, plus
the resultant waste incinerated or littered drinking fountains and kiosks serving bottled water
• D
rinking bottled water is an established that could promote free refills
visitor behaviour, particularly on day trips • P
rofits from council-run kiosks flow back into the
to the destination during the summer council’s revenue budget. This level of control can
months allow BCP Council to trial using pricing to change
• B
ottled water offers caterers a behaviour (levy for single-use, discount for reusables)
significant profit margin, but requires and set the revenue generated against the costs
significant resources to manage the • C
ontracts with suppliers can be used to mandate
resulting waste waste-positive behaviours
• Tap water is not chilled and is therefore • Innovative alternative refill solutions for soft drinks are
perceived as less refreshing and lower coming to market
quality
• T
o improve recycling, a new BCP Council waste
• B
ottled and canned flavoured drinks management contract may in be in place for the region
are also sold in BCP Council venues but within the next 12 months, and DRS legislation will
recycling infrastructure is not in place land in 2024 that will encourage recycling and change
to manage these, so they are currently perceptions on the value of packaging materials
dealt with as waste
BOTTLED WATER
& DRINKS OUTCOMES
The success of bottled water provides an example of • T
he prevention and reduction of waste from • Increased access to Refill infrastructure, driving
social practice theory in action. How has it become plastic bottles to be managed by BCP Council. adoption of Refill by businesses, visitors and
so ubiquitous over the past few decades given that Driving recycling is a secondary focus in later communities
free tap water is of such a high quality in the UK? City years aligning with legislative change
to Sea designed the Refill Campaign to turn the tide
on single-use plastic bottled water, over the past 5 YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 YEAR 3 2024-25
years the Refill campaign has increased the number
• I ncrease accessibility and • P
hase out promotion of • T
arget of 50% reduction in
of people who normally drink tap water on the go from
improve awareness of Refill bottled water and target of bottled water sales
20% to 50%. infrastructure to reduce 25% sales reduction
• S
aturation of Refill in core
bottled water sales by 10%
• B
an bottled water sales at area and increased coverage
• F
rom the outset bottled another kiosk, to be identified across the region
water will not be sold in the through research
• I ntroduction of DRS
Envirohub
• P
roactively target chains in
• I dentify another kiosk to the region to promote Refill,
phase out single-use water e.g. Tesco
sales
• R
eview choice architecture of
soft drinks options in kiosks
and introduce partners
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SYSTEMS CHANGE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE MEASUREMENTS
• C
lear signage to improve awareness and • E
mbed behaviours by rolling out the Refill • Sales data • Number of Refill stations and refills logged
accessibility of free taps and fountains along campaign and app for discrete business and
• Waste volume and cost • Number of fountains installed, water meterage
the seafront visitor audiences in the region, e.g. bespoke
messaging for visitors in key locations such • Attitudinal and behaviour surveys • P
romotional mechanics linking app to
• R
emove single-use bottled water from sale
as car parks kiosk deals
in BCP Council kiosks and promote free
water refills, including a chilled solution and • More people to carry reusables
other alternatives
• A
dd value to tap water, e.g. concentrates,
• U
se the contractual relationships with chilled, sparkling
third-party suppliers to ensure outlets offer
• Return reusable packaging to outlets, e.g. DRS QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON BOURNEMOUTH BEACHES SUMMER 2021
and promote Refill and follow BCP Council
kiosks’ lead in phasing out single-use
What waste reduction initiatives would people be most likely to participate in?
• D
eposit return schemes adding charge
for single-use and rewarding recycling 1. Returnable cup scheme
behaviours using reverse vending machines
2. Vouchers for returning packaging
3. Discount for bringing litter from beach
THE ENVIROHUB Insights:
• V
ouchers for returning packaging was most popular option across all people interviewed and
The Envirohub will be our showcase for Refill, most popular with families
MARKETING with no bottled water sold in the venue but refills
• C
ollecting rubbish was most popular with 18-30 year olds, whereas families had some
widely available, including chilled. An Aqua Libra
machine will be installed, dispensing chilled, reservations about health and safety
• P
romote Refill campaign and app
sparkling and flavoured drinks in refillable cups • F
amilies were not positive about reusable cup schemes if they required queuing, and raised
• Use Refill messaging and bottles. By year 2, flavoured beverages will concerns about affordability with multiple drinks orders
not be available in PET, and ideally in any single-
• U
se existing social channels, out-of-home • R
edemption of vouchers had to follow a slick process and be near to the beach
use packaging. A reverse vending machine will
advertising, signage on and around beaches,
be installed in the Envirohub to drive recycling
newsletters and websites to raise awareness
behaviours such as DRS.
of Refill infrastructure and drive people to
Refill locations
• T
argeted adverts promoting the Refill
campaign
• Reminders to bring reusable bottles
• V
isible signage at Refill points and outside
Refill stations, e.g. Seahorse Trail
KEY MESSAGES
• T
argeted communications to local businesses
to get them signed up to Refill stations
• Refill here for free
• M
obile water bar/drinks bar/roaming staff
• D
ownload the Refill app to find your nearest
with refill tanks
Refill Station
• Awareness days with stunts
• Refill more than water (soft drinks)
• U
se Envirohub as promotional space to raise
awareness of Refill campaign
• H
igh profile fountain at Bournemouth Pier
18 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 19
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES
• P
eople don’t bring their own reusable cup • C
hange the choice architecture – with so
as it’s not a consideration for a holiday – many BCP Council kiosks along the seafront,
either it’s not part of their routine or they are BCP Council can introduce a returnable cup
uncertain they can use it scheme where people can drop off as they
walk along the promenade
• N
o appropriate existing waste stream as the
current bamboo compostable cups require • R
eimagine service models and test a fast-
a specialist separate waste collection to be track queue system for returns so people
composted. Currently cups are going in the using reusables get quick access. Explore how
general waste and being incinerated technology can support customer experiences
• L
ack of infrastructure, with most BCP Council • P
romote reuse drop-off locations via the Refill
venues along the beachfront having no app and map to provide a slick customer
washing facilities for returnable cups and experience
mass reuse schemes. May require investment • T
rial with a third-party delivery partner –
• V
endors have reservations about service returnable cup schemes
model and queues • A
ctivate loss aversion with a cup levy –
• V
alue-action gap – people dislike waste but research (21) shows that charging at least
don’t like solutions that involve effort on their 10p-25p for a single-use cup will increase the
part. In general, beach interview research number of people using reusables more than a
found people put a lot of ‘perceived effort’ on a discount
returnable cup scheme. They were concerned • L
evy can also become a good news story by
about the effort of queuing and paying a high donating a proportion to City to Sea to support
HOT DRINKS
deposit (even if they would get it back) campaigning work
• L
oss of competitive advantage for BCP • D
evelop the Refill app to support a BCP
Council outlets if people can still purchase Council-owned cup deposit scheme
single-use from other vendors
Coffees are the second most popular purchase
after ice-creams at BCP Council kiosks. • S
ignificant behaviour change required
Disposable cups have enabled the growth by visitors
of small catering outets without mass reuse • P
roviding infrastructure would require working
washing facilities. The pandemic has increased with a third-party cup provider to manage the
the habit of promenading with a coffee, and service
caterers have reversed on the use of reusable • R
esearch by BCP Council has found that there
cups due to unfounded fears of transmission. is a value-action gap where individuals care
On a busy day, 1,250 hot drinks can be sold via about litter but aren’t prepared to pay £1 for
BCP Council kiosks. a reusable cup. This can be explained by the
perceived effort of queuing to get £1 back or
a disconnection between waste in bins and
waste being littered
ON A BUSY DAY, 1,250
HOT DRINKS CAN BE SOLD
VIA BCP COUNCIL KIOSKS20 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 21
OUTCOMES MARKETING THE ENVIROHUB
• Raise awareness that Refill is more than The default option would be a returnable cup
• Reusable cup scheme piloted and developed • B
usiness development of a washing/logistics
just water with a refundable deposit to minimise the choice
for BCP Council kiosks, driving a change in the solution that is ideally local, or if working with
• Target businesses with Refill guidance architecture.
default option to a reusable cup a national supplier, the economies of scale for
sending cups for washing has a low carbon • Trade communications – newsletters, social
• B
y modelling best practice and building
footprint media – to remind businesses and train their
confidence in the long term, BCP Council will
establish a returnable/reusable cup service for • B
ehaviour change – use-return-reuse instead staff to communicate that reusables are safe
the area that all vendors and institutions can be of use-dispose will become the norm by and acceptable
a part of modelling this behaviour over a variety of
previously single-use items. An increase in
• Promote Refill campaign and app KEY MESSAGES & CONSIDERATIONS
• D
ecrease in BCP Council costs of buying and • Use Refill messaging
residents carrying their own reusables as well
processing single-use cups
as uptake of the borrow offer • Use existing social channels to raise awareness • Borrowing is normal, single-use is chargeable
• Increase in income from single-use levy, of Refill infrastructure and drive people to Refill
reinvested into campaign/City to Sea • Download the Refill app to find places to refill
and cup drop-off locations and reuse
• Reminders to bring reusable coffee cups at
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 YEAR 3 2024-25 cafes and kiosks
• Improve awareness of Refill • R
oll out reusable cup scheme • E
mbed reusable cup scheme • Targeted social media campaign to locals
infrastructure for cups, and further in Bournemouth and throughout BCP beaches reminding them to bring reusables and make
build confidence after Covid Boscombe and parks visitors aware of the borrow scheme
reversal to single-use • P
roactively target coffee shop • Visible signage at Refill points and outside MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
• Introduce levies for single- chains to promote Refill Refill stations
use cups • Targeted communications to local businesses • Coffee cup data
• E
ngage hospitality with
• Increase access to cup reusable cups to get them signed up to Refill stations • U
se of language – what works for consumers
materials that are less • Use clear visible signage to promote reusable and caterers
impactful for single-use cup scheme • P
iloting a scheme and understanding the
• P
ilot reusable cup scheme at a barriers and frictions
kiosk close to the Envirohub • T
rialling a mug scheme versus a plastic
• T
arget chains to promote Refill returnable coffee cup for practicalities and
(bring your own and borrow) perception of materials22 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 23
OUTCOMES
As per hot drinks cups Systems change and behaviour change
• Change the choice architecture • As with hot drinks
• Activate loss aversion with a cup levy
• T
rial with a third-party delivery partner – bar
cups are an established service model, with a
number of providers in the South West hiring
to UK festivals
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 YEAR 3 2024-25
• R
aise awareness of Refill • T
arget cold drinks choice • E
mbed reusable cold drinks
infrastructure for cold architecture in catering outlets, cup scheme throughout
drinks cups e.g. fountains, concentrates. BCP beaches
Roll out reusable cold drinks
• P
ilot reusable cold drinks cup cup scheme further
scheme in Bournemouth and
COLD DRINKS the Envirohub
MARKETING KEY MESSAGES
• As per hot drinks • Borrowing is normal, single-use is chargeable
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES • U
se social media channels, newsletters, out-
of-home advertising and signage to promote
• P
artnering on infrastructure with other local reusable cup scheme
• B
CP Council kiosks sell drinks in single-
use plastic cups, with other vendors selling organisations that generate high volumes • C
reative cup design and branding for different
alcoholic drinks. Throughout the pandemic, of single-use cups (universities, football and audiences – families (soft) and young people
caterers have reverted to single-use plastic rugby stadiums). There is the potential to (alcohol)
over glass, even for drink-in partner to achieve the economies of scale
that make washing and storage facilities more
• M
ost BCP Council venues do not have
viable all year around, e.g. sharing facilities
facilities that can wash at scale MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
in the summer when university students
• T
he significant influence of alcohol on littering are away will counteract the seasonality of
behaviours business • As per hot drinks
• P
eople keep the cups as a souvenir • C
afe in Kings Stadium already leading the way THE ENVIROHUB
– the BCP Council cafe manager is planning to
move to a post-mix dispensing unit for all cold • Only sell cold drinks in reusable cups
drinks to remove single-use bottles and cans
• T
rial a returnable cup scheme for learnings to
roll out across the seafront24 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 25
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES
• T
he increase in takeaway food service, • M
aterial choices: BCP Council has control
ready meals and pre-packaged food in UK over what it buys and sells and the materials it
supermarkets, high streets and retail outlets chooses to give people
has reduced the amount of people making • L
andlord influence: As the landlord, BCP
their own meals and picnics. This means there Council can work with other vendors to join
is more single-use packaging being created, schemes and influence purchasing choices
purchased and discarded
• T
rialling a reusable box scheme: The
• T
he beachfront kiosks are part of this culture, Envirohub would be a good place to trial this
fuelling packaging being left on beaches
• T
hird-party providers: Reusable box schemes
• T
he pandemic has seen businesses move are being trialled and rolled out at markets and
away from big bottles of sauces and food stalls in London and Bristol
condiments on tables/serving areas and
replace them with individual sachets. This • M
enu options chosen to reduce packaging
is wrongly perceived as being safer and and carbon emissions, contributing to BCP
more hygienic Council Climate Action Plan
• M
ost food packaging is contaminated with
food waste and therefore not recycled
OUTCOMES
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 YEAR 3 2024-25
• R
aise awareness of Refill • R
oll out climate-friendly menu • E
mbed reusable box/plate
infrastructure for takeaway options across kiosks and scheme throughout
food. Pilot reusable box/plate extend reusable box/plate BCP beaches
scheme at the Envirohub scheme to Bournemouth and
Boscombe
• P
ilot climate-friendly menu
options in the Envirohub.
Improve access to materials
TAKEAWAYS, CUTLERY
that are less impactful for
single-use
AND SACHETS26 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 27
SYSTEMS CHANGE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
• R
eusable takeaway packaging with a deposit
return option
• P
ackaging has a value and is returned, not
disposed of CIGARETTE LITTER
• All disposable packaging is chargeable
Cigarettes are the most littered item worldwide and the second most prolific item
on beaches after food wrappers, and most people do not realise that the filters are
made from plastic. Due to the size these plastic filters are ingested by fish as they
break down into fibres.
Surveys conducted on smokers reveal that 42% find it difficult to dispose of
cigarette ends without littering due to problems finding an appropriate bin and
MARKETING THE ENVIROHUB the risk of fire from placing in an ordinary bin. Littering was found to increase
significantly with the distance to the receptacle at the time of disposing. (22) On
• U
se social media and signage to raise • W
ork towards selling food in reusables, and Bournemouth beaches, 10 out of 16 people approached said they put cigarettes in
awareness of Refill infrastructure provide sauces in bulk containers bottles or cans, 1 had a portable ashtray and the other 5 said they buried them in
• P
romote Refill app and campaign
the sand to avoid potential fires or bad smells.
• T
rial a returnable food box for learnings to roll
• T
argeted communications to get local out across the seafront
businesses signed up on Refill app offering
food refills
• S
ignage to promote climate-friendly
menu options
• M
enu design and signage in kiosks
and restaurants
KEY MESSAGES & CONSIDERATION
• R
eusable food box/plate design
• T
argeted communications to businesses Key messages
around takeaway packaging guidance
• Hiring is normal, single-use is chargeable
• U
se Cut the Cutlery campaign – our petition
Considerations
got over 92,000 signatures and resulted in
the government launching a consultation • As per hot drinks
on banning these single-use items
• T
raining and guidance for kiosk and
restaurant staff on reusable packaging and
best practice for serving food
MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
MOST FOOD PACKAGING
• Investigation into how much litter is from
kiosks versus other outlets or BYO picnics
IS CONTAMINATED
WITH FOOD WASTE AND
THEREFORE NOT RECYCLED28 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 29
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES
SYSTEMS CHANGE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
• T
he smell: Cigarette butts are smelly and • D
esignated smoking areas: These allow
infrastructure to be concentrated in specific • Infrastructure provided to capture cigarettes • Cigarette ends end up in bins
unpleasant to carry around
areas to capture cigarettes across the town
• Infrastructure: People want a solution in close
proximity • B
allot bins: If these worked in the town centre,
could they be trialled on the beaches in
• S
ocial norms: Stubbing out a cigarette and
designated areas?
walking away is normal
• P
ortable ashtrays: These could be trialled on
• E
asy to hide: The beach is an easy place to
the busiest parts of the beaches
hide the evidence of a stubbed end
• C
onnecting actions with oceans: Other cities KEY MESSAGES & CONSIDERATION
• H
ard to collect: The volume and size means
have put fish symbols on the tarmac in front of
it is not feasible for mechanical or hand litter
drains with chalk pens to highlight the impact MARKETING • N
ow the norm for smokers to use bins to
pickers to collect them all
of cigarette butts going straight out to sea dispose of cigarette ends
• B
ins on beaches: These were removed for • Raise awareness of cigarette end disposal
staffing and health and safety reasons infrastructure and drive people to these and
to smoking zones
• T
argeted messaging to 18-30 year olds to
raise awareness of cigarette end impact and
change behaviour
• E
ngaging and relevant messaging on bins
OUTCOMES and signage to appeal to age group, e.g. MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
Hubbub footballer bins
• Normalise more careful disposal of cigarette ends along the seafronts • S
ocial media campaign around this targeting • F
or beach research, the beach would need to
18-30 year olds be cleaned of cigarette butts to monitor the
• M
ake the smoking zones ‘cool’ and success of interventions in those geographical
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 YEAR 3 2024-25 Instagrammable areas
• D
rain art competition with local schools or • Uptake of portable ashtray promotion
• Improve awareness of cigarette • E
ngage hospitality industry and • R
oll out smoking zones across
end impact among core target transport hubs in cigarette end all BCP beaches and parks via Seaside School/Envirohub to connect • Perception and usage of smoking zones
group (18-30 year olds) initiatives actions with our oceans
• Increase accessibility to proper • R
oll out smoking zones across
disposal on beaches, parks and further BCP beaches
in transport hubs.
• P
ilot first smoking zone at
Bournemouth beach
• Trial portable ashtrays CIGARETTES ARE THE
• T
rial chalk pen stencils SECOND MOST PROLIFIC
around drains
ITEM ON OUR BEACHES30 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 31
OUTCOMES
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 YEAR 3 2024-25
• T
rial paperless receipts/orders • R
oll out paperless receipts/ • R
oll out paperless receipts/
in the Envirohub orders across BCP orders throughout BCP
Council kiosks
• D
evelop best practice
for napkins
PAPER
Thermal paper receipts are coated with 2 substances SYSTEMS CHANGE BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
– bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) – which
have both been banned from other plastic products, • Napkin dispensers that reduce the number • Staff behaviours around giving out napkins, if
such as cups and water bottles, because they are of napkins that can be taken and staff that is the root of the problem
harmful when ingested in large amounts. While briefed on how many to be given out
napkins will degrade easily if they become waste, • T
ill receipts not printed as default. People
they are still a single-use material requiring resources only get if requested
to create them. Where napkins are not made from
recycled paper their production also includes cutting
down trees and bleaching, which uses a lot of water
and chemicals and has climate impacts. KEY MESSAGES & CONSIDERATION
• G
o paperless
• W
hat % of these items are coming from
MARKETING town centre vendors – what capacity is there
to reach these organisations?
• Social media messaging raising awareness
that dirty/greasy paper and card can’t be
recycled
• T
akeaway packaging guidance and best
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES practice for staff – e.g. limit number of
napkins, only give paper bag if requested,
Paper found on the beach was identified as • A
s the landlord for the entire beachfront, BCP explaining to customers why no receipts MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
principally serviettes and printed receipts. Council can engage in-house, contracted and
• Communications to businesses
external providers and provide guidance or
• G
rab and go culture – people were observed • Training for staff
contractual requirements around littered • A
udit of what vendors along the beach front do
at kiosks grabbing napkins. Families took the
paper items when providing napkins and receipts
most
• S
erviette dispensers make it harder for people
• D
efaults – vendors giving receipts as default,
to take large amounts
although the BCP Council kiosks do not do this32 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 33
OUTCOMES BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24
BARBEQUES
• Using reusable barbeques – either gas/
electric ones or hireable models
• S
ingle-use BBQ • S
ingle-use BBQ
discouragement, bans, extend roll-out
The cheap availability of disposable barbeques BBQ zones, BBQ of BBQ rental, pilot
coupled with the demand on public open rental, big BBQ BBQ ban
space has meant this increasingly popular zone rental
beach activity brings additional waste and
hazards when not disposed of properly. Current
barbeque bylaws limit use to between 6pm and KEY MESSAGES & CONSIDERATION
10.30pm and large groups are encouraged to
apply for permission before holding a barbeque. • Hiring is normal, single-use is chargeable
The council has a designated area between
Bournemouth and Boscombe Pier and has SYSTEMS CHANGE
invested c. £300,000 in free-to-use electric hot
plate barbeques available from 10am to 10pm.
• B
each goers use onsite infrastructure rather
Ten of these are currently being trialled at 3
than bringing items with them
other seafront locations.
• H
iring model like chairs service, with
someone observing the barbeques for safety
MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
• B
arbeque packages available to hire for
celebrations, which include zone, utensils,
reusables plates and cutlery, glasses, and • B
usiness model design and testing analysing
option to include food from local kiosks/ ages of those leaving a barbeque, where they
catering companies which then gets buy them from, price point of a disposable,
collected at end. QR code delivery, demographic of those using
novelty elements
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES
• S
ingle-use coal barbeques being left • C
apital funding for barbeques – electric barbeques
on beach, setting bins on fire available, infrastructure and messaging needed to
support roll out
• B
arbeques buried in sand can cause
accidents • R
esearch carried out with local communities, e.g.
MARKETING
students on how and where the barbeques should go
• T
he current electric barbeque
to be utilised effectively
locations are not on the beach so the • Clear signage around barbeque area
person cooking the food is isolated • C
ross over with smoking audience may offer
from a group opportunities to combine learnings and messaging • V
ideo and targeted social media campaign
promoting areas
• A
ssociation between single-use and • Create aspirational zones
the ‘party crowd’ may mean this • O
ut-of-home advertising of areas and hire
• In the future a pilot could be considered on a reusable packages available
audience are unreceptive to traditional hire model (may be some health and safety concerns
messaging, particularly when alcohol on this) • V
isually attractive areas that are
is involved Instagrammable to encourage user-
• S
taff on the beach managing barbeques could generated content
contribute to the visibility of BCP Council
representatives to assist with observation bias, model • P
romotion of packages targeting audiences
positive behaviours and support behaviour change for celebrations34 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 35
OUTCOMES BEHAVIOUR CHANGE
YEAR 1 2022-23 YEAR 2 2023-24 • Ice-creams can be bought packaging free
• P
romote ice-creams • R
oll out climate-
in cones over friendly menu
packaged items options across
where possible kiosks
• T
rial plastic free ice
cream serving
THE ENVIROHUB
• O
nly sell ice cream in cones
• C
hampion dairy-free as the low-carbon option
• Talk about travel miles for ice-creams
ICE CREAMS
• C
reative use of lolly sticks, e.g. craft
SYSTEMS CHANGE
& LOLLIES • C
hanging the materials that ice-creams are
sold in
KEY MESSAGES & CONSIDERATION
• Beach-friendly treats
MARKETING
CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES • Messaging on menu boards
• S
ignage in kiosks and outside promoting
• ‘Impulse’ ice-cream purchases come in • Ice-creams in cones are packaging-free local ice-creams and vegan options
plastic flyaway wrappers unless a napkin is provided MEASUREMENTS & FURTHER RESEARCH
• Highlighting these options on social media
• L
olly sticks have no waste stream to be • N
ew Forest Ice Cream is a local provider that
used for offers vegan dairy-free options
• L
ifecycle impact and assessment of different
• T
ubs are lined with a plastic liner as per • N
ew Forest Ice Cream is developing a tub ice-creams versus sorbets, e.g. lemon sorbet
coffee cups, so are not biodegradable, made from wafer (imported lemons) versus vanilla ice-cream
recyclable or compostable • C
elebrate the climate and sustainability
• P
eople take napkins to eat a cone ice-cream, benefits of New Forest Ice Cream
so still end up with single-use materials • G
reat positive environmental messages for
• C
ones are not suitable for gluten- family audiences and schools
TUBS ARE LINED WITH A PLASTIC LINER AS PER COFFEE CUPS,
intolerant people • S
trong relationships with suppliers, such as
• V
egans are not aware that kiosks Walls, to explore reduced packaging options
sell vegan options SO ARE NOT BIODEGRADABLE, RECYCLABLE OR COMPOSTABLE36 | DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION DEVELOPING A LOW IMPACT DESTINATION | 37
B) P
ROCUREMENT, SUPPLY CHAIN, WASTE
(KIOSK WASTE, CATERING WASTE, HIERARCHY)
PROCUREMENT BACKGROUND The minimum standards for the fruit and
vegetable tender include:
The trade waste the BCP Council kiosks manage,
• F
airtrade: Bananas (Bournemouth is a
including cardboard and plastic, comes from
Fairtrade town)
suppliers. The type of products and service model
(food cooked from frozen to order) means that • L
ocality: South West where possible, and a
food waste is very low. requirement to share all product origins and
distances travelled
Since the 3 councils merged, the procurement
team has been tasked with minimising the • S
easonal: Where possible
number of suppliers and payments that the • P
ackaging and delivery boxes: Focus on
council has on its books. The council needs reusable and recyclable materials and improve
suppliers that can meet the increased demand in where possible
the high season, so it uses 2 national distributors
who carry a large range. BCP Council has some Currently Country Fare delivers in reusable boxes
direct contracts with national brands that are that are taken away, New Forest Ice Cream
managed by third-party distributors. Each collects its cardboard boxes (but not plastic
tendering document is bespoke to that product tubs), and other suppliers deliver in cardboard
category, and food and drink receives input from that is sent for recycling.
the council’s sustainability team to improve the As part of the climate emergency declaration,
criteria and requirements. there is a decision impact assessment for
Sustainability has a 15% weighting within the procurement with the following criteria: climate
quality weighting. Ability to meet the contract change & energy, communities & culture, waste
and to service stock levels makes up 50% of & resource use, local economy & jobs, health &
the quality criteria. Due to the nature of the food wellbeing, learning & skills, natural environment &
service, and the demand, smaller suppliers can’t sustainable procurement.
meet these requirements to have the necessary The catering team have taken measures to
volume of stock. phase out plastic including all soft drinks
becoming plastic free (now in cans) except
bottled water, trialling Canowater, promoting
the Refill campaign, replacing plastic straws
with paper straws, phasing out all plastic
cutlery – replaced with wooden or metal, and
introducing a reusable cups scheme within
Prom café and Boscombe Diner.You can also read
