The Marriage of ITS & Tolling - Providing Real Solutions for Real Needs John Davis - Ibtta

The Marriage of ITS & Tolling
Providing Real Solutions for Real Needs

                                   John Davis

Real Needs
• Policy Makers / Transport Authorities want to
  implement strategies that result in more efficient
  use of resources.

• Users want Better Service, Safer Travel, Surety of
  Journey Times, Value for Money.

Real Tools
• Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS):
   the application of information communications technology
    (ICT) to the transport sector in the interests of safer, more
    sustainable & more efficient movement of goods & people.
• ITS is an Enabling Entity that;
   Provides the tools for efficient cost-
    effective implementation of transport
    policies.
• Tolling fits into this ITS definition

Real Separation
• Tolling was historically separated
  from ITS because;
   Viewed solely as an Infrastructure
    funding source
   Contributed to congestion
   Systems separated to guard against
    liability risks and revenue loss
   Localized small systems

Real Convergence
• That was Then, This is Now
• Ongoing Convergence of ITS & Tolling
     Viewed as a demand management tool
     Free Flow / Open Road Systems
     Large National / City-wide Systems
     Technology advances
• Electronic Vehicle Identification is the
  Primary Reason for this Convergence.

Real Convergence
• Increased Use of Road User Charging in
  Demand Management because;
   Source of Funds
   Fair Trade
      User Pays
      Polluter Pays
   Education Alone Does Not Work
   Charging for a Service Encourages
    Better User Behaviour

Real Convergence
 Tolling is integral part of EU ITS Directive
   Action Plan for the Deployment of ITS in Europe (Dec 2008)
   Directive 2010/40/EU: Framework for the Coordinated and
    Effective Deployment and Use of Intelligent Transport Systems
 6 Priority Areas covering 24 Actions
     Optimal Use of Road, Traffic and Travel Data
     Continuity of Traffic and Freight Management
     Road Safety and Security
     Integration of Vehicle into Transport Infrastructure
     Data Protection and Liability
     European ITS Coordination

Real Convergence

Real Synergies
• HGV Road User Charging
  (Austria, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, France, etc.)
     Large National Systems
     Based on DSRC & GPS/GNSS Technologies
     Deployment of Roadside Infrastructure (Gantries)
     Video Tolling & Mobile Patrols used for Enforcement
     All HGVs fitted with an OBU

Real Synergies
•   Open Road Tolling (for all vehicle types)
•   Becoming more widespread
•   Technology is proven
•   Enforcement legislation is last
    big hurdle to be crossed
     National and Cross-Border
• Improves Lane Throughput
• Improves Customer Satisfaction

Real Synergies
• UK “Managed Motorways”
• Monitors congestion and incidents
   Vary speed limits
   Permit Hard Shoulder Running
   Permit control of individual lanes
• Pilot demonstrated improvement in
  traffic flows & reduction in accidents
• Cheaper option to Road Widening
• Being rolled out to other Motorways

Real Synergies
• The obvious next step:
   Open Road Tolling COMBINED with Managed Motorway
   Will Provide an Effective Demand Management Toolkit

Real Toll Technology Advances
• Vehicle Identification Methods
    DSRC, GPS/GNSS, ANPR

• Harmonisation and Interoperability
    DSRC
    GPS/GNSS
    EETS

• Data Source is Electronic Vehicle
  Identification via OBU

Real ITS Technology Advances
• Cooperative Mobility
   Technical Standards
   Technology Trials
      CVIS, SAFESPOT, COOPERS,
       IntelliDrive
      Proof of Concept
  Harmonisation
      EU and US Cooperation

• Data Source is Electronic Vehicle Identification via OBU

Real Advances in Data Use
• IBM’s first Smarter Cities Technology Centre
     Established in Dublin in 2010
     €50M+ Investment in R&D Project
• Ultimate goal of helping cities better
  manage systems & resources
  Integrated common framework uniting
    some of the key transport sub-systems
  Provide increased network management
    and integrated services provision
  Service Orientated Architecture framework maximizing use of
   open and common standards thereby simplifying future
   integration and interoperability between transport systems

Real Business Case
• Electronic Vehicle Registration – Bermuda
• Launched EVR in 2007
• Automates Enforcement of Vehicle-Specific Regulations
  (vehicle inspection, insurance, and registration)
• System Components
   DSRC (Sticker Tags)
   Violation Enforcement (via ANPR)
• Effectively a Tolling System for Non-Tolling Application
• Early Return On Investment

Real Business Case
• Netherlands – Network Pricing
    Planned Introduction of a kilometre
     charge for every vehicle and every
     kilometre driven
    Sadly Now Shelved
• Identified Strong Business Case

Real Business Case
• Netherlands – Network Pricing
   Integrated network management plan based on three pillars;
    1. Basic rate per Km and Differentiation
        (Variable pricing based on time, congestion and environmental
        characteristics of the vehicle (fuel, weight, CO2))
    2. Pay for Use instead of Pay for Possession
        (Eliminate Motor tax, provincial surtaxes and vehicle purchase tax)
    3. Revenues to Infrastructure Fund
        (Road Maintenance, Public Transport, New Infrastructure)

Real Business Case
• Expected benefits by 2020 include;
     Increased Road Safety: +13%
     Decreased mobility by car: -15%
     Decreased vehicle loss hours: -45% to -58%
     Increase in Public Transport Use: +6%
     Decrease in CO2 emissions: -19%
• Total expected welfare benefits:
   €0.7 billion to €1 billion

Real Dilemmas
• If the Tools are in Place
   Technology is Proven
   Concepts are Proven
   Business Case is Proven
• Why is Pace of Change so Slow?
• Reasons Include;
   Larger Scale means Larger Risks
   Technology Advancing Too Fast
   Focus is on “Immediate” Needs

Real Dilemmas
• Policy makers are aware of the real
  needs specific to their region.
• Focus is on targeted ITS solutions that
  provide direct and tangible positive
  outcomes sooner rather than later.
• Is it better to go Step-by-Step instead of
  Big Bang?

Irish Case Study – Infrastructure
• Motorway Development
     Pre 2000: Under-developed Network
     Major Investment Programme Implemented
     PPPs played a Key Role
     PPP Model evolved between 2003 & 2010
     Ten toll roads on the National network and
      one on the local network
• Classic Case of using Tolling to Fund
  Infrastructure

Irish Case Study - ETC
• History
     2000 – Introduction of ETC on Westlink and Eastlink;
     2003–2010 - New motorway network with toll roads;
     2007 - Introduction of national ETC interoperability;
     2008 - Introduction of multi-lane free flow on M50;
     2008 - Introduction of National ‘EETS’ (Tag) Providers;
     2010–2012 - Preparation for European Interoperability;
• Interoperable CEN 5.8 DSRC across all
  Toll Plazas
• Classic Case of ETC Evolution

Irish Case Study: M50
• M50: Upgrade to ORT in 2008
• Combined with major infrastructural
  improvements
   Increased number of lanes
   Re-engineering of on / off ramps
• Classic Case of using Tolling to Fund
  Infrastructure Improvements

Irish Case Study – M50
• M50: Phased ITS Implementation
• Infrastructure provided for:
  –   Cabinets
  –   Fibre optic network
  –   Variable Message Signs
  –   CCTV
  –   Automatic Traffic Counters
  –   Automatic Incident Detection
  –   Lane Control Signals
  –   ANPR
  –   Motorway Entry Signals
  –   Power Supplies

Irish Case Study – M50 ITS
• Phased ITS Roll-Out
     Emergency Roadside Telephones
     VMS (traveller information)
     Fibre Optic Network
     Incident Detection
     ANPR

Irish Case Study: Dublin Port Tunnel
• DPT: 5km Urban Twin-Bore Tunnel
• Incorporates Significant ITS
   Control Centre, Incident detection, etc
• Variable Price Tolling
   HGVs – Free
   Cars - €3 off-peak, €10 peak
• Diverts HGVs from City

Irish Case Study: HGV City Cordon
• HGV Strategy introduced in 2007 following completion of
  DPT and M50 projects
• HGV Management Strategy Commenced 2007
   To encourage maximum use of the Port Tunnel by port-related
    traffic and to enhance the city centre environment.
                           Ban on 5+ axle vehicles during the
                              hours of 7am and 7pm.
                           Limited permit scheme for HGVs that
                              need to load/unload within the city
                              centre area.

Irish Case Study: HGV City Cordon
• Dramatic Results
   Reduction in HGVs within the city centre area of between 80 -
    94% on different routes within the cordon area.
   Approximately 10,500 HGVs per day use the Port Tunnel and
    City Council now issue an average of 200 permits per day.
• Dublin has the safest roads of any capital city in Europe.
   European Transport Safety Council report 2011.
   HGV City Cordon is a contributing factor to this achievement.
   Enabled by joined up thinking i.e. Phased policy of;
       Tolling + ITS + Infrastructure + Enforcement
   = Improved Safety, Less Congestion, Better Mobility

Summary
• ITS is about Delivering Outcomes, Not Implementing
  Technology
• Marriage of ITS / Tolling provides better Tools to
  Deliver Real Solutions for Real Needs
• Policy makers need to be made more aware of the
  Community Benefits that this Marriage enables
• Big Bang is not always best approach

Point to Ponder
• Electronic Vehicle Identification delivers Real Benefits
• Benefits could be Multiplied if combined with
  Electronic Driver Identification
• Smart Card Driver Licences are a Reality
• Why not Combine EVI with EDI?

Save The Date:
Intelligent Transport Systems

Further Information
         john.davis@itsireland.ie
            www.itsireland.ie