The DS3 Programme Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System - "Shaping the Power System for the Future" - EirGrid
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The DS3 Programme Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System “Shaping the Power System for the Future”
The EirGrid Group EirGrid Group is the licensed electricity Transmission System Operator and Market Operator in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Our mission is to provide quality, efficient, independent transmission and market services for the benefit of communities, farms and businesses across Ireland and Northern Ireland. We own and operate the East-West Interconnector between Ireland and Great Britain. DS3 Programme Objective The aim of the DS3 Programme is to meet the challenges of operating the electricity system in a secure manner while achieving the 2020 renewable electricity targets.
Impetus for DS3 In response to binding National and Achieving this level of renewable 2020 Renewable Electricity Targets Across the EU European targets, EirGrid Group began integration on a synchronous system a multi-year programme, “Delivering is unprecedented and presents a Secure, Sustainable Electricity significant challenges for the real- 2020 Renewable Electricity System” (DS3). time operation of the power system. **% Targets Across the EU Ireland’s target under the EU Wind as % of Demand Renewable Energy Directive (2009/28/ The renewable electricity EC) is for 16% of the country’s total 33% targets for Ireland and Source: The National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP) January, 2012 63% energy consumption to come from Northern Ireland, which will Note: The Danish wind target was 72% 60% renewable energy sources by 20201. largely be delivered by wind increased subsequenty in quarter 2 6% generation, are the highest of 2012 In order to achieve the 16% target 50% FINLAND the Government set a 10% renewable for any synchronous system transport target, a 12% renewable in Europe. See figure on 40% 31% 8% heat target and a 40% renewable page 3: Penetration of Non- 37% 37% 10% 21% SWEDEN electricity target. Synchronous Renewables 24% LATVIA DENMARK Similarly in Northern Ireland, the UK 39% IRELAND Department of Enterprise, Trade and NETHERLANDS 39% 43% Investment (DETI) published the 19% 55% 27% Strategic Energy Framework (SEF) in September 2010, which also set out a 40% GERMANY 11% 40% renewable electricity target to be 10% 1% 23% FRANCE 26% SLOVENIA ROMANIA reached by 2020. 20% 40% 5% PORTUGAL SPAIN ITALY 23% GREECE 1 Directive 2009/28/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council - http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF 1
Shift in Electricity Supply The last few years have brought has decreased due to the economic All-Island Wind Connection Rates considerable changes to the electricity downturn. With these uncertainties HISTORICAL AND FUTURE CONNECTIONS REQUIRED TO MEET 2020 RES-E TARGETS sector. Most notable have been the in mind, it has been estimated that drive towards greater environmental between 4,400 and 4,900 MW of total sustainability, energy security and installed wind capacity on the island economic competitiveness. As a will be required by 2020.3 Higher Connection result, there is a commitment to Rates increase the level of renewable Required generation on the power system. Renewable energy sources 2020 Renewable energy sources, in met 21.4% of the island’s Targets 315 particular wind generation, are electricity demand in 2014, MW/yr fast becoming a cornerstone of 22.6% in Ireland and 17.7% the all-island generation portfolio. in Northern Ireland. Installed wind generation capacity on the island of Ireland has grown 230 MW/yr from 145 MW at the end of 2002 to 2,825 MW as of December 2014.2 This figure is set to increase over 120 MW/yr the next few years as Ireland and Northern Ireland work to meet their renewable targets by 2020. The actual amount of renewable energy this requires will depend on the demand 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 in future years, the forecast of which Source: EirGrid Group All-Island Renewable Connection Report and 36-Month Forecast (Qtr 4, 2013). 2 All Island Wind and Fuel Mix Report (December 2014). http://www.eirgrid.com/media/All-Island_Wind_and_Fuel_Mix_Report_December_2014.pdf 3 All-Island Generation Capacity Statement 2014-2023. http://www.eirgrid.com/media/Generation%20Capacity%20Statement%202014.pdf 2
The growth of wind generation Penetration of Non-Synchronous Renewables presents a range of operational What is a ‘synchronous IN EACH EUROPEAN SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM 2010-2020 challenges for the power system. The system’? Penetration of Non-Synchronous Renewables technological characteristics of wind IN EACH EUROPEAN SYNCHRONOUS SYSTEM 2010-2020 generation are different to traditional A synchronous system is a generation sources. Wind generation, power grid where electricity which is dependent on weather is generated at a single 37% conditions, is inherently variable. This synchronised AC frequency. 40% variability must be managed to ensure Ireland and Northern Ireland demand for electricity is met at all form such a system – all of the 22% times. Additionally, wind generation is conventional generators on 30% the island run in synchronism, 16% a non-synchronous technology, which poses challenges when integrating producing electricity at 50Hz. 20% 11% 10% Synchronous systems can 7% into a lightly interconnected synchronous system. operate in relatively small 10% regions, such as Ireland and Northern Ireland, or span vast 0% areas, such as Continental 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 2010 2015 2020 IRELAND & GREAT BRITAIN CONTINENTAL SCANDINAVIA CYPRUS MALTA Europe. NORTHERN IRELAND EUROPE Source: The National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAP 2010) 3
DS3 - Delivering a Secure, Sustainable Electricity System The DS3 Programme is designed to The DS3 Programme is made up of Programme ensure that we can securely operate 11 workstreams, which fall under the DS3 Programme the power system with increasing three pillars of System Performance, Objectives Establishment and amounts of variable non-synchronous System Policies and System Tools. The DS3 Programme has Planning renewable generation over the coming Each pillar is fundamental to the years. Together with the on-going grid success of the programme and been created to meet the Since 2011 the focus has been on infrastructure development (Grid25 to achieving the 40% renewable challenges of operating the creating the correct technical and in Ireland and a similar programme electricity target. The programme electricity system in a secure commercial mechanisms to incentivise which is under development in brings together many different manner while achieving 2020 and improve system performance Northern Ireland) and the addition of strands, including development of renewable electricity targets. and capability. Some of the work renewable generation capacity, the DS3 financial incentives for better plant completed within the DS3 Programme programme is critical to meeting the performance, and the development of includes: • A multi-stage consultation process renewable electricity targets by 2020. new operational policies and system CE SYS for System Services, including As operators of an island power tools to use the portfolio to the best MAN T of its capabilities. Standards for wind R consultations on the approach system, the TSOs (Transmission EM FO farms and conventional plant are also used, the products required and the SYSTEM PER POL System Operators) are facing unique being reviewed to give enhanced financial arrangements; DS3 challenges with regard to managing ICIES operational flexibility for the future. • The approval of a number of Grid the variability of wind generation The programme involves many Code modifications in Ireland and while maintaining power system different stakeholders, including the Northern Ireland; stability and security. As these Distribution System Operators (DSOs), • The implementation of the Wind challenges will not be encountered Regulatory Authorities, Conventional SY S Security Assessment Tool (WSAT) in larger systems for many years, Generators and Renewable Generators, T E M TO O L S Ireland and Northern Ireland have in both Dublin and Belfast Control as well as Government Departments. Centres; the opportunity to lead the way in the integration of non synchronous • The decisions on RoCoF (Rate of renewable generation. Change of Frequency) from the Regulators in both jurisdictions. 4
Implementation Phase Stakeholder Engagement The relationship with the DSOs is critical for the overall safe, secure and Since 2014 the main focus has moved Given the scale, extent and impact of efficient operation and development towards the implementation of increased the DS3 Programme, there is a role for of the power system. A high degree performance capability for the generation all stakeholders in ensuring its success. of TSO-DSO co-operation is required portfolio, and developing the required EirGrid Group is committed to engaging to allow each party to fulfil their system policies and tools needed to meet with all our customers and stakeholders obligations. A Joint Working Group the 2020 targets. Future work to be in this regard. and an Operational Oversight accomplished by the DS3 Programme Committee were established with A DS3 Advisory Council was established will include: both ESBN (ESB Networks) and NIE to provide a forum to discuss issues • Adapting and refining system (Northern Ireland Electricity) to which may impact on the success of the operational policies to assist in ensure a considered and co-ordinated programme. The Council is comprised securely managing the voltage and approach across the island. of experts from academia and industry frequency on the Irish and Northern across Ireland, Northern Ireland and To ensure the successful delivery Irish power system; Europe. It meets approximately every of the DS3 Programme, the system • Design, development and four months and has met 11 times since operators are also working closely implementation of enhanced system October 2011. with the regulators, government tools in order to manage the increased departments and all relevant industry organisational complexity. For example, The wider power industry is updated on stakeholders. The objective of all the inclusion of a ramping tool and a recent findings and developments in parties is to ensure that the 2020 voltage trajectory tool; the DS3 Programme through Industry 40% renewable policy targets are Forums. These are held roughly every delivered in a cost-efficient manner • The development of a long-term six months. Attendance has been without adversely affecting security Operational Policy for large- scale Demand Side Management consistently high at the 10 Forums that of supply of the all-island power penetration; have been held to date. system. • The implementation of an enhanced The TSO-DSO interaction is an Performance Monitoring system. important element of the successful implementation of the DS3 Programme. 5
The Three Pillars of DS3 The DS3 Programme is built around three main pillars: System PERFORMANCE Performance, System Policies and MONITORING RENEWABLE DATA NCE System Tools. Each pillar is vital to the success of the programme A SYS T and the delivery of the renewable SYSTEM RM DSM VOLTAGE EM FREQUENCY FO electricity targets. Together with SERVICES SYSTEM PER POL the on-going grid infrastructure development (Grid25 in Ireland and DS3 ICIES a similar programme which is under development in Northern Ireland) GRID CODE ROCOF and the addition of renewable generation capacity, the DS3 Programme is critical to meeting those targets by 2020. SY S T E M TO O L S WSAT CONTROL CENTRE TOOLS MODEL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 6
System Performance System performance refers to the • To identify and incentivise Demand Side Management (DSM) performance of all plant connected the necessary System Services will play a key role in facilitating the to the power system. In order to required to operate a secure power management of more renewables due ensure the system performance system with a significant level of to its inherent flexibility. Demand required to meet the 2020 targets, renewables. Side Units (DSU) and Aggregated considerable work is needed in the Generator Units (AGU) currently areas of Grid Code modifications, The Grid Code sets out the operate commercially within the SEM Rate of Change of Frequency performance standards for all plant and are centrally dispatched. The (RoCoF) modification and the connecting to the power system. wider DSM space is also evolving provision of System Services. This Compliance with it is essential to the rapidly with significant work being will require greater participation security of the network. The Grid Code carried out in developing storage from demand connected loads and reflects the dynamic nature of the solutions, integrating electric enhanced performance monitoring power system, where technology is vehicles, etc. capabilities. The main aims of this continuously evolving and, in tandem, pillar are: operating practices and procedures are constantly updated. In February • To provide certainty around current 2013, Ireland Grid Code modifications PERFORMANCE and future plant performance regarding wind farm power stations MONITORING NCE capability, and to ensure the continued reliable performance of were approved by the Commission for A SYS Energy Regulation (CER). In Northern T all plant connected to the power Ireland the Wind Farm Power Station SYSTEM RM DSM EM system; FO Setting Schedule was approved by the Regulator, URegNI, in November SERVICES SYSTEM PER POL • To ensure the development of a portfolio of plant aligned with the 2013. In Ireland the Distribution Code DS3 modifications for these wind farm ICIES long-term operational needs of the power system; standards have been agreed by the GRID CODE ROCOF Distribution Code Review Panel. SY S 8 T E M TO O L S
At high instantaneous non- Review was carried out to identify The detailed design and • Engagement with industry through synchronous renewable penetration the new products that are needed to implementation phase of this project is workshops presenting proposed levels, frequency control becomes complement the transition towards a now underway. business processes and working more challenging, due in part to power system with high levels of wind examples; Performance Monitoring, including the presence of Rate of Change generation. both commissioning and on-going • Publication of draft test procedures of Frequency (RoCoF) protection In December 2014, the Regulatory testing of generators, needs to evolve for industry comment; relays and the potential for large Authorities in Ireland and Northern to meet the changing nature of the amounts of wind farms to shut down • Development of the business case Ireland published a decision paper system. It is essential for the TSOs during a fault scenario4. A RoCoF and scope for the roll out of high endorsing DS3’s ground breaking to understand the capability and decision paper was published by speed data recorders. approach to solving this issue known compliance of the generation portfolio both the Irish and Northern Irish as System Services. The decision with respect to the Grid Codes, Regulators in the first half of 2014. changes the commercial focus of their registered technical operating Both approved, in principle, the TSOs’ generation towards better performance characteristics and their capability proposed modification to move to a and greater flexibility, essential for a to provide the contracted levels of RoCoF standard of 1Hz/s over 500ms. system like ours with increasing wind System Service provision. Performance However, the decisions outline the penetration. This solution will shape monitoring in turn helps to flag non- need for the implementation of the the evolution of market policy in compliances, so that the generating new RoCoF standard to be linked to Europe, the US and further afield. units can remedy these issues, submit the completion of generator studies derogations or revise their contracted over a period of 18 to 36 months. The significant elements of the values. decision are: A central aspect of the DS3 Programme Work completed to date includes: is the System Services review. • An increase in the annual budget System services are products, other cap from €60m to €235m; • Standardisation and documentation than energy, that are required for the of existing processes on an all- • Doubling the number of System continuous, secure operation of the island basis; Service products from 7 to 14; power system. For example, reactive • Development of a detailed design power is required to enable the system • Movement to a hybrid regulated specification for the enhanced operators to manage voltages across tariff / auction procurement performance monitoring IT system; the system. The System Services mechanism; 4 RoCoF protection relays are an islanding detection method for embedded generation units 9
System Policies As the level of renewable represents a secure operational level acted upon. For example, EirGrid generation increases, the TSOs will given the current plant portfolio and analyses the High Wind Speed be required to update and develop system capability. Shutdown of wind turbines (see facing new system operational policies. The DS3 Programme aims to address page) to help determine operational policy for high wind situations. This is needed to manage the the various factors that influence the increasing complexity associated SNSP limit, with the ultimate aim with integrating large amounts of of increasing the limit from 50% to variable non-synchronous renewable 75%. This target will be reviewed What is SNSP? generation. as the DS3 Programme progresses, depending on the progress of various System Non-Synchronous In particular, operational polices Penetration (SNSP) is a will need to be developed to support PERFORMANCE workstreams. Each year the TSOs publish the Operational MONITORINGCapability real-time measure of the RENEWABLE DATA frequency control and voltage percentage of generation that NCE Outlook – this briefing paper sets control. Renewable generation comes from non-synchronous A SYS displaces traditional generation out their view of how operational sources, such asMwind and T capabilitySYSTEM metrics for the Irish and R Irish power system are DSM sources and also tends to be located VOLTAGE EM HVDC interconnector imports, FREQUENCY FO NorthernSERVICES far from load centres. Thus, the power relative to the system demand. SYSTEM PER POL expected to change between now and system can experience a wide variety 2020. DS3 of different power-flows and voltage ICIES profiles over the course of a day. The DS3 Programme GRID CODE collates various ROCOF This needs to be carefully managed system statistics and regular reports while “keeping the lights on” for all on key system indices. This provides electricity consumers. clear information to the industry and to the general public on the progress EirGrid Group currently has a being made in integrating renewables maximum System Non-Synchronous into the power system. It also allows Penetration (SNSP) level of 50%. SY S T E M TO O L S broad trends to be identified and This level is based on the results of detailed technical studies, and WSAT CONTROL CENTRE TOOLS 10
HWS Shutdown (%) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 19.00:00 19:15:00 19:30:00 19:45:00 20:00:00 20:15:00 20:30:00 20:45:00 21.00:00 21:15:00 21:30:00 21:45:00 22:00:00 22:15:00 22:30:00 22:45:00 Time 23.00:00 23:15:00 11 23:30:00 23:45:00 00:00:00 00:15:00 00:30:00 00:45:00 Example of High Wind Speed Shutdown of a Wind Turbine 01.00:00 01:15:00 01:30:00 01:45:00 02:00:00 02:15:00 02:30:00 02:45:00 0 5 20 25 30 35 40 35 Wind Speed (m/s) and MW output Wind Speed (m/s) HWS Shutdown (%) Average Output (MW)
System Tools The evolving power system requires be dispatched down (e.g. to maintain (RCUC) tool, which will take account new principles and operational system security). This is done using of new operational metrics; 2) the practices. This, in turn, means we the wind dispatch tool, which sends PERFORMANCE development of a tool to present must develop and implement new out instructions electronically to wind MONITORING power system data recorded by Phasor RENEWAB NCE and updated system tools. Monitoring Units (PMUs); 3) the farms. To aid tracking of dispatch A SYS instructions, the tool will also provide provision of the necessary training for T An important tool used in the Control downstream reporting systems with SYSTEMControl Centre staff on any new tools RM or policies. DSM VOLTAGE EM Centres is the Wind Forecast tool. This FO estimates the level of wind power reasons for each wind dispatch. SERVICES SYSTEM PER POL production over the coming hours The stability of the power system is In keeping with the natural flow of DS3 and days. At present, forecasts are affected by wind generation. To study DS3 from System Performance and ICIES supplied by two external providers GRID CODE this in real-time, an online Wind ROCOF System Policies to System Tools, much while a project has been completed Security Assessment Tool (WSAT) was of the activity in this area will be to improve forecast accuracy and Grid introduced into the Dublin and Belfast driven by the outputs of the other Controller user interface. Control Centres. WSAT provides a DS3 workstreams, especially Frequency real-time assessment of the transient Control and Voltage Control. The development of online SNSP, system inertia and RoCoF and voltage stability of the power monitoring within the existing system, allowing Grid Controllers to SY S Energy Management System (EMS) take appropriate actions if necessary. Further extensions of WSAT may T E M TO O L S is complete. Furthermore, an EMS Integration project for Ireland and include assessment of frequency Northern Ireland is underway. This stability, calculation of security based will deliver enhanced operational regional wind curtailment amounts flexibility to the Control Centres. and enhanced look-ahead capability. WSAT CONTROL CENTRE TOOLS When there is high wind generation, Other work areas will include: 1) especially during times of low the continued development of the demand, wind generation may need to Reserve Constrained Unit Commitment MODEL DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Further information on the DS3 Programme can be found at eirgrid.com/operations/ds3/ soni.ltd.uk/Operations/DS3/ 12
The DS3 Programme is focused on developing the Irish and Northern CE Irish power system for the future. The current 40% renewable AN SYS electricity target for 2020 presents M T very challenging future operational R EM FO scenarios for the System Operators. SYSTEM PER POL Many different aspects of system operation are being reviewed and DS3 ICIES revamped under the auspices of DS3. In tandem with this, the electricity industry as a whole is addressing the major changes to standards, practices and financial rewards which will be required to meet the targets. By working together to overcome these challenges, Ireland and Northern Ireland can lead the world in the integration of renewable energy. SY S T E M TO O L S
Further information on the DS3 Programme can be found at eirgrid.com/operations/ds3/ soni.ltd.uk/Operations/DS3/
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