TATE PATRONS REPORT 2016/17
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TATE PATRONS REP ORT 2016/17 Director’s foreword 4 Chair’s address 5 Tate St Ives 6 Patrons Art Challenge 2017 8 Patrons events highlights 2016/17 10 Artworks you helped purchase 12 Exhibitions you helped stage 38 How you helped others enjoy Tate 54 How you helped care for the collection 60 Thank you 64 Tate Patrons Executive Committee 72 Young Patrons Ambassador Group 73 Contact us 74 Cover: Detail of Anwar Jalal Shemza’s Composition in Red and Green, Squares and Circles 1963 Tate © Estate of Anwar Jalal Shemza. Photo © Tate Previous page: Patrons tour Tate Store Photo © Tate (Lucy Dawkins) 2 3
DIREC TOR ’ S FOREWORD CHAIR ’ S ADDRE SS I am absolutely delighted to have become Director of Tate I would like to extend a very warm and enthusiastic welcome at this pivotal time for the organisation. The arts have never to Maria Balshaw as Director of Tate. We look forward to our been more important to society, as a force that brings people continued involvement in being part of Tate as Maria builds on together and promotes creativity, inspiration and learning. recent successes and promotes Tate’s adventurous and inclusive At Tate we are able to harness the power of art to bring people vision for the galleries. I would also like to thank Sir Nicholas together and shed light on the important issues of today – Serota and congratulate him on the incredible legacy that he be it through our diverse exhibitions, which celebrate new created over the past twenty-eight years as Director. pioneers as well as recognised international artists, or our collaborative, inclusive and thought-provoking public It has been a true pleasure being alongside you all throughout programmes, such as Tate Exchange. another remarkable year at Tate. We have seen the completed expansion of Tate St Ives, and the Blavatnik Building at Tate Your support as a Patron is so important in realising these goals. Modern being shortlisted for a RIBA award and the Art Fund Being prominently visible across highly successful exhibitions Museum of the Year award. in London, in our inclusive learning programmes, and within the collection through the conservation and addition of international Patrons continue to be a key part of Tate’s success. With your and historic works, your support is as wide-reaching as ever. generosity we have supported a diverse range of exhibitions, A personal highlight for me, acquired with your generosity from Wolfgang Tillmans: 2017 to David Hockney, which became over the last year, is Rosa Barba’s seminal film piece The Hidden the most visited exhibition in Tate Britain’s history. We have Conference 2010–15, with one of the three films being filmed at been able to support the ambitious Tate Exchange, which pushes our very own Tate Store! the boundaries of traditional gallery learning programmes, as well as helping to acquire a range of significant artworks and My vision for the next chapter of Tate’s journey is that we strive funding the conservation of a major painting by Fahrelnissa Zeid. to be the most artistically adventurous and culturally inclusive global art museum, and I look forward to embarking on this In addition to curator-led tours of all of Tate’s exhibitions with you. in London, we took two overseas trips to Japan and Athens, while closer to home we visited Kent and Nottingham, I would like to thank you for being such valued members of experiencing these distinct arts scenes and meeting regional the Tate family, and also give special thanks to Midge Palley collectors. Thank you to those of you who generously hosted for her continued dedication as Chair of Tate Patrons. us throughout the last year. Many of you will also have enjoyed taking part in the ever popular Patrons Art Challenge, which It is a privilege to be able to count on your support as we will return in 2019. anticipate an exciting future and I look forward to sharing with you the many special moments the coming year will With so much in store for 2018, I look forward to being part undoubtedly bring. of many more exciting projects at Tate with all of you. We are extremely grateful for your continued support. Dr Maria Balshaw CBE Director, Tate Midge Palley Chair, Tate Patrons 4 5
TATE ST IVE S R EF U R B IS H M EN T Having undergone major extension and redevelopment over the past Undertaken by the award-winning architectural four years, Tate St Ives officially reopened its refurbished galleries in partnership Evans and Shalev, who designed the March 2017, with The Studio and The Sea, and unveiled its new gallery original Tate St Ives building, the refurbishment spaces to critical acclaim in October 2017, with British sculptor Rebecca project saw a new Learning Suite emerge in the Warren’s first UK solo show. heart of the existing building. The expansion of the Courtyard has created a new studio space, Tate St Ives, October 2017. The transformation of existing spaces and the creation of brand new supported by the Clore Duffield Foundation, to Photo © Tate (Marcus Leith) display areas enables an even wider range of artworks to go on display hold practical learning activities, lectures, talks at any one time and continuously throughout the year, with the galleries and films. A newly built terrace room above the Courtyard previously having to close for up to six weeks a year during exhibition caters for further learning and socialising, and improvements change-overs. Thanks to the new galleries, larger scale artworks were made to the existing learning spaces and visitor facilities. and installations can now be accommodated, which were previously The St Ives Studio meanwhile allows for easy access for the unable to be shown. Refurbished facilities meanwhile have created public to a whole host of information on artists associated with improved social and learning spaces that will St Ives, including teaching and learning resources, art books help enhance visitors’ experience and and publications, and the online Tate collection, library engagement with the art presented. and archive catalogues. This all enables the gallery to more effectively stage an increasing range of learning programmes, Reinstating itself as a key cultural and artistic from workshops for families, young people, and hard-to-reach hub in the West Country, the gallery continues communities, to school tours and teacher training. to advocate, inspire and nurture creative communities that have historically emanated from St Ives, as well as internationally. E X T EN SI O N The new gallery space at Tate St Ives, displaying Rebecca Warren: All That Heaven Allows, October 2017. Photo © Tate (Marcus Leith) Jamie Fobert Architects were appointed designers of the D I R E C TO R ’ S S TAT E M EN T extension project which adjoins the original gallery and doubles the display space. An expansive exhibition space has been added, which is sunken into the hillside, creating We are delighted to have seen the successful opening of the extended high-quality, top-lit, flexible spaces which can be reconfigured and redeveloped Tate St Ives in the autumn of 2017. It is our aim that to accommodate seasonal exhibitions and displays. It is now the gallery will continue to be a source of community, inspiration and possible to show a permanent display of work from the Tate empowerment in the region, through the ever more diverse range collection by artists associated with St Ives all year round in the of exhibitions and learning programmes we are now able to share with original gallery spaces, alongside these temporary exhibitions. our growing audiences, thanks to the new and refurbished spaces. Meanwhile, improved art handling and collection care facilities have been created in a pavilion-like structure, which sits above Anne Barlow the new galleries. The extension’s design is in keeping with the Director, Tate St Ives area’s unique landscape and the existing building, employing granite synonymous with the area to line the exterior gallery walls, glimmering ceramic tiles on the pavilion to reflect the coastal environment, and a roof garden. 6 7
PATRONS ART CHALLENGE 2017 The Patrons Art Challenge returned in style in 2017, with an evening full of diverse quiz and creative rounds putting your knowledge of Tate and the wider art world to the test. Hosted in the grand setting of the 1840s gallery at Tate Britain, the evening was overseen by special guest quizmaster Sir Nicholas Serota. We look forward to seeing you in 2019 for the next edition. Photos © Tate 8 9
PATRONS E VENTS HIGH LIGHTS 2016/17 Throughout 2016 /17, we enjoyed as diverse an events programme as ever, with curator-led tours of all of the year’s exhibitions at Tate in London and exhibitions elsewhere in the UK, visits to artist studios and private collections, and opportunities to explore art scenes and fairs both in the UK and internationally. Here are some of the highlights: Photos © Tate 10 11
Ed Atkins THE ARTIST Born 1982 Having studied at Central St Martins and the Slade School of Fine Art in London, Ed Atkins has become a central figure Hisser 2015 in the international contemporary art landscape. Working primarily with HD video, Atkins fluently utilises cinematic devices with great emotive effect. Despite his use of non- narrative structures and seemingly incongruous sequences of images, he pairs image and sound to maximise the material’s visceral potential. In this way his work shares similarities with his contemporaries, including Laure Prouvost, Emily Wardill, James Richards and Duncan Campbell. Atkins was the subject of an Art Now exhibition at Tate Britain in 2011 and has also presented many solo exhibitions, recently at the Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam, and The Kitchen, New York. T H E WO R K Hisser 2015 is a video projection with sound inspired by a true story of a man from Florida who disappeared into a sinkhole and was never found. Originally commissioned for the 14th Istanbul Biennial, the film portrays the man’s avatar in a melancholic state of reverie, navigating a controlled, highly artificial pathos-filled world. Panning shots of a stage- like bedroom are interrupted with images of the avatar’s body and bruised face, as he mutters, whistles and hums. In between this and fragments of mournful classical music, phrases such as ‘I didn’t know I was asleep, it took me so long to get my feet back off the ground’ evoke sensations of longing, lost love and missed opportunities. The avatar is later seen nude and fragile, moving around in an empty white space, before looking at Rorschach-like drawings and a photograph of a classical male nude, highlighting the fundamental theme of representation. Ending with a bird’s-eye view of the avatar and room being absorbed Video, projections, colour and dramatically into a dark hole, the work can be read as an sound (surround) allegory on the impossible ambition to represent the real. Duration: 21 minutes, 51 seconds Number 1 in an edition of 6, plus 3 artist’s proofs This work joins Death Mask II: The Scent 2010 by Atkins in Tate’s Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 collection, highlighting yet another aspect of his practice. T14665 Previous page: Tape recordings of the Destruction in Art Symposium 1966 by Frederic Hunter © Frederic Stills from Ed Atkins Hisser 2015 Hunter. Photo © Tate © Ed Atkins 14 15
Rosa Barba THE ARTIST Born 1972 Born in Agrigento, Italy, Rosa Barba currently lives and works in Berlin. Having studied at the Academy of Media The Hidden Conference Arts Cologne, she took up a two-year residency at the 2010−15 Rijksakademie van beeldende kunsten, Amsterdam, and received the Nam June Paik Award in 2010. Her work explores About the Continuous History of the ontological status of film, through experimenting with its Things We See and Don’t See 2010 physical characteristics and the apparatus utilised. Interested A Fractured Play 2011 in the possibilities of unfolding time, Barba employs a About the Shelf and Mantel 2015 sculptural approach to the medium, often rearranging its elements to create new components for her installations. Objects, interiors and landscapes are often filmed to draw on the possibilities offered by fictitious narratives. Barba has shown work at major film festivals, international biennials, and in solo shows across the globe, including at Tate Modern. T H E WO R K The Hidden Conference 2010–15 is a three-part film projection representing a key period in the artist’s career. With the first two films being shot in the stores of the Neue Nationalgalerie, Berlin, and Musei Capitolini, Rome, respectively, and the third filmed in Tate Store, each attests to various histories of ‘the collection’ and investigates the status of artworks when not on display. The hidden coexistence of the artworks within each collection are filmed using a continually moving handheld camera. At times the artworks from different eras mysteriously move on invisible wheels, taking part in an evolving choreography or a performed archive, and almost becoming characters enlivened by murmurs and conversations. When shown together the individual soundtracks, which feature dialogue recalling excerpts from films, noises, environmental sounds, rhythmic sequences and silence, constantly overlap, producing a never-ending fluid soundscape. This questions the apparently scientific and documentary approach of these films, a common feature of Barba’s work. Additionally, Film, 35 mm, 3 projections, colour Barba sees the film itself becoming a performer through and sound (optical) the physical interaction between each individual projected Duration: 32 minutes, 40 seconds Number 1 in an edition of 5, plus 1 image and the screened environment. artist’s proof Purchased with funds provided by Tate Patrons and Tate International This work, which becomes the first of Barba’s to be Council 2017 represented in the collection, was premiered at Tate Rosa Barba The Hidden Conference 2010–15 Installation views, Palazzo Cusani, Milan, 2015 T14842 Modern in May 2015. © Rosa Barba. Photos: Agostino Osio 16 17
Duncan Campbell THE ARTIST Born 1972 Born in Dublin, Ireland, video artist Duncan Campbell studied at Ulster University and The Glasgow School of Art, and has Sigmar 2008 been exhibited across Europe and the USA. In 2014 he was winner of the Turner Prize for his video work It for Others 2013; he was previously awarded the Baloise Art Prize in 2008, and in 2013 represented Scotland at the 55th Venice Biennale. Known for his cinematic collages combining archival footage, photographs, interviews, animation and music to construct portraits of his subjects, Campbell expands the scope of artistic documentary practice and biographical representation. T H E WO R K Made shortly after Bernadette 2008, a documentary work on the Irish political activist Bernadette Devlin in Tate’s collection, Sigmar 2008 is a projected film that is intentionally more abstract in approach. Eschewing action, concrete information, subjective narration and critical reflection, Campbell presents a distinct yet abstract portrait of Sigmar Polke (1941–2010), a major twentieth-century artist. Using drawings by Polke as a starting point, Campbell uses digital and stop-motion animation, documentary footage and guitar music to construct a ‘conversation’ between the two artists at an imaginary encounter. A stylistically different portrait to Bernadette, the camera traces the walls of a studio to focus on textures and patterns from Polke’s paintings, while a male voice-over mumbles negative German words, suggesting an element of resistance on the part of Polke to participate. Campbell initially knew little about the artist. The absence of extensive research and archive material, and the employment of entirely new footage, contrasts with his previous approach. The prominence of a visual and abstract narrative is however reflected in some of Campbell’s earlier works, and, in this way, Sigmar 2008 exemplifies the artist’s continued exploration of documentary form. Sigmar 2008 was previously shown at Tate Britain in Campbell’s Film, super 16 mm, projection, Turner Prize 2014 exhibit, while he is currently represented in colour and sound (stereo) Duration: 10 minutes Tate’s collection by the video work Bernadette 2008, which was Number 3 in an edition of 6 presented by Tate Patrons in 2010. Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 Stills from Duncan Campbell Sigmar 2008 T14813 © Duncan Campbell, courtesy Rodeo, London 18 19
Abraham Cooper THE ARTIST 1787–1868 Abraham Cooper was a London-based painter particularly known for his horse and equestrian portraits, and paintings Rupert’s Standard at of historical subjects. Made an Associate of the Royal Academy, Marston Moor c.1824 London, in 1817, he became a Royal Academician in 1820, for which he was made eligible by a painting of Marston Moor, different to that which is detailed below. Starting working life at Astley’s Amphitheatre, London, run by his uncle, Cooper then took up painting professionally under the encouragement of his friend and early patron Sir Henry Meux. Meux commissioned a picture of one of his horses and assisted in Cooper’s education, during which time he attracted attention from major collectors. Similarities can be seen in his work to history painter Sir Edwin Henry Landseer. T H E WO R K Rupert’s Standard at Marston Moor c.1824 is a historical battle picture depicting a defining encounter in the English Civil War. Painted on a small cabinet scale and illustrating the historicising trend within the British Romantic tradition, Prince Rupert of the Rhine is shown riding a white charger and wielding the Royal Standard at the Battle of Marston Moor, 2 July 1644. Leading the Royalist cavalry, the Prince had hoped to rescue York from the Parliamentarian army and Scottish Covenanters under Oliver Cromwell and Lord Leven who were besieging the city, although he eventually lost what was the largest ever battle on British soil. This subject resonated strongly with early nineteenth-century Anglo-French society following the French Revolution, with other leading cultural figures similarly highlighting this event in their work during the following years. Among Cooper’s most ambitious works, compositionally and academically, this was another work painted for Sir Henry Meux, confirmed by a handwritten label on the back of the panel dated 14 April 1868 and signed by Meux. Cooper is currently represented in Tate’s collection through the respective sporting and equestrian paintings The Day Family Oil paint on wooden panel Support: 487 x 633 x 11 mm 1838 and Draught Horses 1828, and six prints of animal subjects. Frame: 669 x 791 x 65 mm This addition therefore illustrates a greater cross-section of Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 his practice and the currently unrepresented Anglo-French Abraham Cooper Rupert’s Standard at Marston Moor c.1824 T14637 historicism of the Romantic period. Photo © Tate 20 21
Shezad Dawood THE ARTIST Born 1974 Born in London, Shezad Dawood studied at Central St Martins and the Royal College of Art, London, before receiving a PhD Towards the Centre, in Fine Art from Leeds Metropolitan University. Using a range Once More 2014 of media, including painting, film, sculpture and installation, he draws on themes of mythological narrative, cultural specificity and cross-cultural pollination. In recent years he has staged solo exhibitions at Timothy Taylor, London, Galerist, Istanbul, and Leeds Art Gallery. In 2011, he was awarded the Abraaj Group Art Prize, which recognises contemporary Middle Eastern, North African and South Asian artists. T H E WO R K One of his most ambitious works, Towards the Centre, Once More 2014 was initially conceived for exhibition at Sadler’s Wells, London, as the first of their Visual Art Commission series run in partnership with Tate. Inspired by his interest in contemporary dance and Sadler’s Wells’s heritage, the work’s composition is loosely based on a stage backdrop designed by Graham Sutherland for choreographer Sir Frederick Ashton’s ballet The Wanderer, premiered at Sadler’s Wells in 1941. The eight-part, wall-based composition of abstract motifs is rendered in screenprint and acrylic overlaid on a ground of traditional Ralli textiles from Pakistan. Combining machine printing and hand- stitching, the textiles were produced in the 1970s by nomadic Saami hand-weavers of the Sindh province in response to the growing post-colonial period textile industry, and signify the resulting cultural cross-pollination and temporary utopian ideal. The harmonies and colour intensities of the overlapping abstract ellipses are seen as the visual equivalent of a musical score or choreography, with the components alternately mapping in and out from the centre, as the title suggests. Dawood has devised several smaller configurations in which the work can be displayed, acting to reinvigorate the work with each new iteration and reflecting its kinetic possibilities. Helping to explore recent tendencies in abstraction and the contemporary use of paint, this is the first of Dawood’s works Acrylic paint, screenprint and hand- stitching on textile panels to enter Tate’s collection. Overall display dimensions variable Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 Shezad Dawood Towards the Centre, Once More 2014 T14647 © Shezad Dawood. Photo © Tate 22 23
Simon Fujiwara THE ARTIST Born 1982 Born in London, Simon Fujiwara is a British-Japanese artist who studied architecture and fine art. Fujiwara became The Mirror Stage internationally recognised for his early body of works, 2009–12 which traced his own identity as a multi-part auto-fiction, a form of semi-fictionalised autobiography. His recent works interrogate the construction of identity and are often seen as a complex response to the increasing cultural fascination with the self-presentation that new technologies offered to his generation. Having exhibited internationally since 2007, he was the subject of the 2012 Tate St Ives exhibition Simon Fujiwara: Since 1982, which surveyed his recent work. T H E WO R K The Mirror Stage 2009–12 is a multi-part video installation that represents the performance of Fujiwara’s life as fiction, a recurrent theme in the artist’s work. Here Fujiwara re-stages his first encounter with a modern artwork at Tate St Ives, aged eleven, marking a pivotal moment in his life. Seeing Patrick Heron’s Horizontal Stripe Painting : November 1957 – January 1958 1957–8 led Fujiwara on a path of personal discovery, realising both that he wanted to be an artist and that he was homosexual. The work’s title refers to how this encounter represented Fujiwara’s own mirror stage, a term developed by French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan at which an infant first recognises themselves in a mirror, a significant step in the development of the self. In the film, the artist speaks with a child actor playing his younger self to whom he explains this encounter and its significance. Through a web of personal connections, such as the relationship between Heron’s colour palette and Fujiwara’s childhood IKEA duvet set, The Mirror Stage blends memory, personal development, art history and commercialism as one narrative, both factual and fictitious. Due to his initial dissatisfaction with its first presentation, Fujiwara continued developing the work, incorporating a script and television set showing a recording of the evolving performance, before being Video, colour and sound (stereo), mirrored glass, replica painting, exhibited at Tate St Ives in 2012. posters, ironing board, bed frame, mattress, sun-lounger, painted Simon Fujiwara The Mirror Stage 2009–12 rope and other materials Having a deep connection with Tate in this way and, through © Simon Fujiwara. Photo © Tate. Installation shot Overall display dimensions variable of the work on display at Tate St Ives in 2012, also the artist referencing numerous Tate collection works, this featuring Patrick Heron’s Horizontal Stripe Painting Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 marks the important initial representation of the artist at Tate. : November 1957 – January 1958 1957–8 Tate © The estate of Patrick Heron, and Francis Bacon Reclining T14737 Woman 1961 Tate © Estate of Francis Bacon 24 25
Peter Gidal THE ARTIST Born 1946 Growing up in Switzerland and New York, Peter Gidal studied at the Royal College of Art, London, where he subsequently Hall 1968–9 taught Advanced Film Studies until 1984. Together with Clouds 1969 Malcolm Le Grice, he became a driving force behind the London Room Film 1973 1973 Film-makers’ Co-operative, where, as cinema programmer, Volcano 2003 he focused on British artists and filmmakers. With his works screened internationally, Gidal is equally well known as a writer and theorist, particularly for his seminal book Structural Film Anthology 1976. A key exponent of British structural cinema, Gidal has exerted significant influence through his teaching and films, receiving the Prix de la Recherche, Toulon, in 1974. T H E WO R K These four films represent key works in Gidal’s oeuvre, highlighting his unique exploration of film and photography. Hall 1968 –9 builds up from fragmented shots of the artist’s hallway, with the rhythm and fleeting appearance of objects eschewing a narrative and exploring the potential to focus, direct and destabilise the viewer’s attention. Clouds 1969, made while Gidal was a Royal College of Art student, comprises looped footage of amorphous clouds, the repetition confounding the viewer’s desire to identify with an image, instead drawing attention to the material qualities of the film. One of Gidal’s most celebrated works, Room Film 1973 1973, captures fragments of a barely perceptible interior. The camera’s eye takes no clear path, preventing a Hall 1968–9 whole picture of the room from forming, exploring the limits Film, 16mm, projection, black and white, and sound of image legibility, and the tension between minimalist and Duration: 10 minutes T14784 abstract expressionist tendencies. Gidal’s later work Volcano 2003 meanwhile represents a culmination of his explorations Clouds 1969 Film, 16mm, projection, black of filmic representation. Shot in Hawaii, it first captures and white Duration: 10 minutes the landscape in a characteristically unsteady manner, T14785 before then filming photographs of the landscape, directly Room Film 1973 1973 highlighting the relationship between filmic and photographic Clockwise from top left, stills from: Film, 16mm, projection, colour and sound representation, and the inevitable gaps in our perception of Peter Gidal Hall 1968–9 Duration: 55 minutes © Peter Gidal, London T14786 time, space and depicted reality. Peter Gidal Clouds 1969 Volcano 2003 © Peter Gidal, London Film, 16mm, projection, colour With film a current collection priority at Tate, these first works Duration: 25 minutes Peter Gidal Room Film 1973 1973 T14787 by Gidal to enter the collection illustrate his contribution to the © Peter Gidal, London artistic film tradition and complement early film works at Tate Purchased with assistance from Peter Gidal Volcano 2003 Tate Patrons 2016 by artists such as Bruce McLean and John Latham. © Peter Gidal, London 26 27
John Sharkey Destruction in Art The Destruction in Art T H E D E S T R U C T I O N I N A R T S YM P O S I U M Symposium official poster 1966 © John Sharkey Symposium archive Organised by Gustav Metzger with assistance from John Sharkey, material 1966 the Destruction in Art Symposium (DIAS) took place across 9 –11 September 1966 in London, and is recognised as a key international gathering of happenings artists. Attracting significant attention from the international and artistic community, a range of happenings, poetry readings, discussions and performances focused on the theme of destruction, and its prevalence throughout society. Among the international participants, including artists, poets, and scientists, were Jean-Jacques Lebel, Henri Chopin, Werner Schreib, Al Hansen, Yoko Ono, Raphael Montañez Ortiz, Otto Muehl and Hermann Nitsch. T H E A R C H I V E M AT E R I A L Seventeen tape recordings of DIAS were made by Frederic Hunter, John Latham Skoob Tower event poster 1966 who was immersed in London’s alternative poetry and © John Latham Estate, courtesy Lisson Gallery, London countercultural scene. In the early 1960s Hunter co-founded InterSoundRecords and recorded DIAS, producing a set of LP records. These were thought lost, particularly given that a fire claimed much of its stock in 1971. Uncovered in Hunter’s garage following his death, these document the majority of the three- day symposium. Recordings include discussions and readings on topics such as definitions of art, action music and happenings, destruction as creation, and man as self-destroying art, as well as an outline of the Symposium by Gustav Metzger. Two posters accompany these recordings, one designed as the official poster by John Sharkey, and another by John Latham Tape recordings of the Destruction for his Skoob Tower event on 6 September 1966, which is, in Art Symposium 1966 by Frederic Hunter © Frederic Hunter in fact, believed not to have taken place. Frederic Hunter tape recordings of the Destruction in Art Symposium A distressed typewriter from Jean Toche’s Typewriter Destruction (17 7inch reels of tape (16 one- sided recorded at 1½ ips and 1 1966, performed and exhibited on 6 September 1966, also two-sided 4-track recorded at becomes the third surviving sculptural relic from DIAS, joining 17/8 ips. Total running time: 13 hours and 50 minutes) two sculptures by Raphael Montañez Ortiz in Tate’s collection. John Sharkey Destruction in Art Symposium official poster 1966, DIAS material has long been a focus of Tate’s Archive. Following 745 x 495 mm the acquisition of Tom Picton’s photographic records, Frederic John Latham Skoob Tower event poster 1966, 570 x 442 mm Hunter’s DIAS papers, the collection of Michael Gibbs and the Jean Toche Typewriter Destruction two sculptures by Ortiz, this material makes Tate’s representation 1966, 75 x 290 x 280 mm. T14684 of this pivotal event unrivalled, presenting huge research Jean Toche Typewriter Destruction 1966 Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 opportunities, beyond reliance on participants’ memories. Photos © Tate © Jean Toche 28 29
Anwar Jalal Shemza THE ARTIST 1928–1985 Born in Shimla, India, Anwar Jalal Shemza studied at Mayo School of Art, Lahore, before moving to London in 1956 to study Composition in Red at the Slade School of Fine Art. Having only intended to stay and Green, Squares and during his studies, Shemza soon after returned to Britain, Circles 1963 permanently settling in Stafford to teach. He enjoyed critical success through a number of solo shows in London, notably at New Vision Centre in 1958 and Gallery One in 1960, and as part of the Pakistan Group London, whilst posthumously being recognised in exhibitions at the Hayward Gallery, London, and Birmingham City Museum. Tate Britain also celebrated the artist’s work in a Spotlight display from October 2015 to November 2016. T H E WO R K Produced shortly after his return to Britain, Composition in Red and Green, Squares and Circles 1963 depicts squares, half-squares, circles and semi-circles dissecting both horizontally and vertically. Painted in layers, colours are occasionally revealed through the bold red, green and black surface layers. An ongoing dialogue between eastern and western derived scripts, forms and subjects is central to Shemza’s work and is arguably rooted in his personal sense of displacement. Being equally disassociated from Pakistan and Britain, his work can be seen to transcend national boundaries. Simultaneously possessing a rhythmic, calligraphic quality and the formalism of modernist tendencies, the forms here are based on western rather than Arabic scripture. Such a geometric preoccupation is synonymous with his work from 1957 onwards, with the semi-circle motif representative of the letters B and D similarly evident in Chessmen One 1961, and the sinuous qualities of Arabic script evident in Meem Two 1967, both in Tate’s collection. Together with the two works mentioned above, Shemza is also represented in Tate’s collection by another painting, Oil paint on canvas Composition with Number Six 1966, and a print, Forms Emerging Support: 911 x 720 x 18 mm 1967. This work therefore demonstrates his investigation of Purchased with assistance from geometric formalism specifically based on western derived Tate Patrons 2017 scripts, while further representing the importance of émigré T14768 artists in post-war modernism, a current collection priority. Opposite: Anwar Jalal Shemza Composition in Red and Green, Squares and Circles 1963 © Estate of Anwar Jalal Shemza Photo © Tate 30 31
Ronald Moody THE ARTIST 1900–1984 As a black British artist active before, during and after the Second World War, Ronald Moody occupies a unique position The Onlooker in British art history. Primarily working in direct carving and 1958–62 creating modernised figuration, Moody was influenced by non-western art, alongside the likes of Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth and John Skeaping. Works he made before the Second World War are rare as he was forced to abandon his Paris studio to escape the German occupation, sending works to America for exhibition and to the studio of a fellow artist in Paris. Continuing to work after this relocation, Moody contributed to a number of BBC broadcasts in the 1950s on the history of art and the role of the artist in society. His sculptures are today held in numerous public collections worldwide. T H E WO R K Having made a number of medium-scale carvings in the 1950s, The Onlooker 1958–62 is the only work of his late period not held in private collections. Carved from the teak wood of a ship’s fender, a hardwood block floated on London’s River Thames to act as a buffer between the barges and wharves, Moody depicts a crouching, compact figure in a protective stance. With large ears and stump-like feet, the visibly hewn figure is highly stylised and sits on a rough base carved from the same block of wood. In contrast to some of his pre-war carvings, this sculpture exudes a less idealised expression, appearing firmly rooted in the mundane. Gargoyle-like and with a fixed outwards gaze, it can be considered as an autobiographic visualisation of the artist’s role in society. This work has been displayed internationally, including at Tate Britain and Tate Liverpool between 2003 and 2004. Moody is represented in Tate’s collection by three other works, Johanaan 1936, Midonz 1937 and Unknown Political Prisoner 1953, as well as through the artist’s papers and Teak research material. The Onlooker 1958–62 expands the period Object: 622 x 343 x 390 mm of his practice previously represented in the collection and Presented by Tate Patrons 2016 highlights the importance of traditionally overlooked émigré T14654 artists within modernism. Opposite: Ronald Moody The Onlooker 1958–62 © The estate of Ronald Moody Photo © Tate 32 33
Marie Yates THE ARTIST Born 1940 Marie Yates grew up in Manchester before moving to St Ives, where from 1962 she exhibited as part of the Penrith Field Working Paper Society of Arts. She subsequently moved to London to study, 7 – 26th April 1972 – becoming an associate of and exhibiting with the Artist Porthmeor Beach, St.Ives, Placement Group (APG). Throughout the 1970s and 80s Cornwall 1972, printed she exhibited widely, with her work from this period recently 2016 being rediscovered. Yates’s work represents a significant alternative take on performance-based and conceptual Image/woman/text approaches to representation by a female artist. 1979 T H E WO R K In Field Working Paper 7 – 26th April 1972 – Porthmeor Beach, St.Ives, Cornwall 1972, six colour photographs document an ephemeral installation made of wooden sticks, stones and white string arranged on a beach, as it gets submerged and rearranged by the incoming tide, while three black and white prints describe the location, weather and process followed. This combination highlights the processes of the real experience, the documentation, and the retrospective presentation, exploring the interplay between time, space, perception and representation. Part of the Field Working Paper series, which documented ‘dialogues’ with rural and coastal areas, the considerably degraded original vintage prints are included here with the recent reprint by the artist. Signalling Yates’s mature and direct engagement with social and feminist causes, Image/woman/text 1979 was made for Issue: Social Strategies by Women Artists at the ICA, London, in 1980. Two wooden boards feature the same twenty portraits of women. On the left, paint and tissue paper reduce their legibility, while on the right are high gloss finish and colour Field Working Paper 7 – 26th April 1972 – Porthmeor Beach, St.Ives, reproductions typical of 1970s magazine advertisements. Cornwall 1972, printed 2016 Partially folded, aspects of each portrait are concealed, revealing 9 photographs, C-prints on paper Image, each: 242 x 375 mm how little information is needed to recognise the subjects’ T14748 gender. Superimposed text on the right panel meanwhile Image/woman/text 1979 Photographs on paper, typewritten highlights issues of the representation of women, and the hidden text on paper, tissue paper, plastic relationship between author, viewer, advertising and media. sheets, acrylic paint and transfer script on 2 panels Support, each: 1240 x 1240 mm T14749 Yates was previously unrepresented in Tate’s collection, so these works will help better show approaches to conceptual practices, Presented by Tate Patrons 2017 Marie Yates Image/woman/text 1979 feminism, the landscape, and the representation of identity. © Marie Yates 34 35
Marie Yates Field Working Paper 7 – 26th April 1972 – Porthmeor Beach, St.Ives, Cornwall 1972, printed 2016 © Marie Yates Photos © Tate 36 37
E XHIBITIONS YOU H ELPED STAGE 38 39
Conceptual Art in Britain I N T E R V I E W WI T H : A N D R E W WI L S O N 1964–1979 S E N I O R C U R ATO R , M O D E R N A N D CO N T E M P O R A R Y BRITISH ART AND ARCHIVES Tate Britain 12 April – Q: How important is it to continue to re-evaluate the significance 29 August 2016 and impact of conceptual art on the artistic practices of today? A: The moment of conceptual art, between the mid-1960s and late-1970s, describes a hinge between what we understand as modern and contemporary art of the last twenty-five years. Proposing new ways of thinking about what art is, how it is made and what it is for, it presented a re-engagement with the realities of the everyday as much as a reversal of formalist modernist art. While art of today is often identified as conceptual art, which in many ways is a mistake and a generalisation, it provides recognition that without these radical shifts, art of today would be very different. Q: With some of the works in the show arguably being quite challenging, how did you go about presenting these in an accessible way for a diverse audience? A: Despite its ubiquity, conceptual art can be a challenging term, defining a challenging art that placed the ‘idea’ over the material ‘object’, encouraging a critical engagement with the concept of art itself. How to present its history was therefore a key question. The exhibition presented a dialogue between looking and reading, to encourage an accessible way of thinking about and understanding the variety of works presented. Q: What was your personal highlight of the show and what impact do you think the show has had? Conceptual Art in Britain 1964–1979 at Tate Britain was supported by Tate Patrons A: One aspect of the show was the significance of the Tate Gallery Curated by Andrew Wilson, as a supporter of conceptual art in Britain during this period. Senior Curator, Modern and Contemporary British Art and Being almost wholly drawn from Tate’s collection, archive and Archives, with Carmen Juliá, former Assistant Curator, library, this exhibition was a testament to proactive support Installation shots of Conceptual Bottom: Featuring John Hilliard Contemporary British Art by then director Sir Norman Reid. The gallery was seen as a Art in Britain 1964–1979. Photos Camera Recording its Own Condition © Tate (Joe Humphrys) (7 Apertures, 10 Speeds, 2 Mirrors) Previous page: Patrons tour of nurturing venue for the movement, typified by American artist 1971 Tate © John Hilliard. Robert Rauschenberg in January Top: Featuring Roelof Louw Soul Presented by Colin St John Wilson 2017, featuring Triathlon (Scenario) Sol LeWitt’s Area of London between the Lisson Gallery, the Nigel City (Pyramid of Oranges) 1967 1980 (left) and Keith Arnatt’s 2005, Robert Rauschenberg Tate © Roelof Louw. Presented Self-Burial (Television Interference Foundation © Robert Greenwood Gallery and the Tate Gallery 1977, a triangle removed by Tate Patrons 2013 Project) 1969 Tate © Keith Arnatt Rauschenberg Foundation, New from a London atlas whose points mark the locations of the Estate. All rights reserved. DACS York. All Rights Reserved. Photo © 2016. Presented by Westdeutsches Tate (Ana Escobar) three galleries, rooting Tate in this history. Fernsehen 1973 (right) 40 41
Painting with Light: I N T E R V I E W WI T H : C A R O L JACO B I Art and Photography C U R ATO R , B R I T I S H A R T, 1850 –1915 from the Pre-Raphaelites to the Modern Age Q: What were the main links between early photography and British art that you wished to highlight in this exhibition? Tate Britain 11 May – A: Working on bringing more historic photography to Tate Britain 25 September 2016 was an unmissable opportunity to question the received wisdom that photographers and artists kept their distance, especially in Britain. Artists have always worked with all the pictorial technologies available so it was no surprise to find many painters and photographers were interested in each other. There were collaborations between close friends and colleagues, shared models and subjects, and reciprocal commissions. Q: Covering a seventy-five year period, across the Victorian and Edwardian ages, which saw great advancements in photography and British art, how did you thematically focus the exhibition? A: The first photographers inevitably looked to painting for ideas, so it made sense to start in the 1840s with David Octavius Hill, J.M.W. Turner and Robert Adamson, the first painter to use Painting with Light: Art and Photography from the Pre- photographs for preparatory studies. The exhibition then fell Raphaelites to the Modern Age at naturally into two phases. The first featured Pre-Raphaelite artists Tate Britain was supported by Tate Patrons and pioneer photographers looking at the same landscapes, Curated by Dr Carol Jacobi, exploring new effects of light and figuration to achieve a Curator, British Art, 1850–1915, Tate, and Dr Hope Kingsley, sensitivity to appearance and movement. The second saw a Curator, Education and reaction to this, as painters and photographers searched for ways Collections, Wilson Centre for Photography, with Tim Batchelor, to suggest an imaginative world of thought, mystery and beauty. Assistant Curator, British Art, 1550–1750, Tate Opposite: Installation shots Q: What was your personal highlight of the show and what of Painting with Light: Art and impact do you think the show has had? Photography from the Pre- Raphaelites to the Modern Age Photos © Tate A: The exhibition succeeded in establishing that photography Top: Featuring Dante Gabriel and painting were intimately related from the outset and received Rossetti Proserpine 1874 Tate, presented by W. Graham 4* and 5* reviews. I was also proud that, despite being a historic Robertson 1940 (left) and Zaida Ben-Yusuf The Odor of show, six of the thirty artists represented were women and Pomegranates 1899, published it was possible to view the leading figure, Julia Margaret 1901 Tate (right) Cameron, in an artistic and photographic context. My highlight, Bottom: Featuring George Frederic Watts May Prinsep c.1867–9, Watts however, was the pairing used on the exhibition poster, Zaida Gallery (left) and Julia Margaret Cameron May Prinsep, Study No.9 Ben-Yusuf’s self-portrait, The Odor of Pomegranates 1899, a riposte 1870, The Royal Photographic to Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s Proserpine 1874, evoking temptation Society Collection at the National Media Museum, Bradford (right) and choice rather than entrapment and regret. 42 43
Georgia O’Keeffe I N T E R V I E W WI T H : AC H I M B O R C H A R DT- H U M E D I R E C TO R O F E X H I B I T I O N S , TAT E M O D E R N Tate Modern 6 July – Q: Given that no works by Georgia O’Keeffe are held in public 30 October 2016 collections in the UK, how did you go about sourcing works for the show and what challenges did this present? A: Sourcing works for the exhibition presented various challenges. Firstly, there are no works in UK collections, few in Europe, and in North America they are widely geographically dispersed. Secondly, in US museums, O’Keeffe’s works traditionally are part of the American, rather than International Modern Art, departments with which we historically have less developed networks. We therefore built countless new, and strengthened existing, relationships with other institutions, private collectors and the Georgia O’Keeffe Foundation, who were incredibly supportive. Q: A century after her debut, how did you approach showing the diversity of O’Keeffe’s practice in this exhibition, beyond what is widely known about her work, and how important was this? A: Tate has a strong commitment to strengthening the representation of women artists within the history of modern and contemporary art. O’Keeffe was nothing if not an independent- minded, hugely inventive and strongly willed artist. With her work often best known through reproductions, most notably her iconic flower works, we wanted to show the true breadth of her practice, incorporating cityscapes, landscapes and abstract compositions, as well as her dialogue with European modern art, other artists such as Marsden Hartley and, crucially, photography. Q: What was your personal highlight of the show and what impact do you think the show has had? Georgia O’Keeffe at Tate Modern A: The main reason for making exhibitions is to enable works was supported by Art Mentor Foundation Lucerne with additional to be experienced in close groupings. Rarely has this been more support from the Georgia O'Keeffe Exhibition Supporters Group and relevant here, with even those very familiar with O’Keeffe making Tate Patrons many new discoveries. My highlight was her cityscapes, which Installation shots of Georgia O'Keeffe Bottom: Featuring Jimson Weed/ © 2017 Georgia O'Keeffe Museum/ White Flower No.1 1932, Crystal Curated by Tanya Barson, Curator, were particularly hard to borrow due to their rarity and importance. DACS, London. Photos © Tate Bridges Museum of American Art, Tate Modern, with Hannah Arkansas, USA Johnston, Assistant Curator, Generally imagined as an old woman living in the vast New Top: Featuring Abstraction White International Art. The exhibition Rose 1927, Georgia O’Keeffe was organised by Tate in Mexico landscape, who would have thought of her as a young Museum, Santa Fe (left) and New collaboration with Bank Austria woman moving into a newly built Manhattan skyscraper? York Street with Moon 1925, Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza (Madrid, Kunstforum, Vienna and the Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto Clearly a spirit of adventure stayed with her all her life. Spain) (right) 44 45
Paul Nash I N T E R V I E W WI T H : E M M A C H A M B E R S C U R ATO R , M O D E R N B R I T I S H A R T Tate Britain 26 October 2016 – Q: Coinciding with the recent centenary of the First World War, 5 March 2017 how did this exhibition explore the way Paul Nash’s personal experiences of the war influenced his work? Additionally, what impact did his work have on British art? A: Thanks to the generosity of the Imperial War Museum we were able to bring together Nash’s major war paintings: We Are Making a New World 1918 and The Menin Road 1919. Throughout the 1920s he was particularly influenced by his war experiences and the paintings he made at Dymchurch, Kent, explore ideas of threat and defence as the sea sweeps against geometric coastal defences reminiscent of trenches. Nash was a key figure in promoting British modernism in the 1930s. Becoming a leading British surrealist artist, he developed a new visual language, exploring the coexistence of multiple realities. Q: How did Tate’s broad archive of Nash’s personal material help further our understanding of the artist and the work he produced? Furthermore, how did you go about creating a balance between this archive material and works in the show? A: Nash’s archive allowed us to explore the ideas behind his work through his writings, photographs and letters. It was particularly useful in examining Nash’s work with collage and found objects. Many of the works themselves don’t survive, but we were able to bring together the found objects and photographs that Nash used to make them. Q: What was your personal highlight of the show and what impact do you think the show has had? A: I was fascinated by Nash’s use of found objects in the 1930s. The painting Event on the Downs 1934 juxtaposes two Installation shots of Paul Nash Middle: Featuring Totes Meer (Dead small objects with one of his favourite landscapes, the cliffs Photos © Tate (Mark Heathcote) Sea) 1940 –1 Tate, presented by the of Ballard Head near Swanage. Enlarging the objects to the War Artists Advisory Committee Paul Nash at Tate Britain was Top: Featuring Winter Sea 1925 –37, 1946 (left) and Battle of Germany supported by the Paul Nash scale of megaliths in an ‘imaginative encounter’, he creates York Museums Trust (York Art 1944, Imperial War Museum Cat. Exhibition Supporters Group Gallery) (left), The Shore 1923, Leeds Number Art.IWM ART LD 4526 and Tate Patrons a wonderful sense of mystery. I hope the show has given Museums and Galleries (Leeds Art (right) Gallery) (middle), and Dymchurch Curated by Emma Chambers, people a fresh perception of Nash beyond his war art and Steps 1924 – 44, National Gallery of Bottom: Event on the Downs 1934, Curator, Modern British Art, and landscapes to encompass his lesser known symbolist Canada, Ottawa, gift of the Massey UK Government Art Collection Inga Fraser, Assistant Curator, Collection of English Painting, 1946 (GAC). Photo © UK Government Art Modern British Art drawings, surrealist sculpture and use of photography. (right) Collection 46 47
Robert Rauschenberg I N T E R V I E W WI T H : C AT H E R I N E WO O D, S E N I O R C U R ATO R , I N T E R N AT I O N A L Tate Modern A R T ( P E R F O R M A N C E ), A N D F I O N TÁ N M O R A N , 1 December 2016 – A S S I S TA N T C U R ATO R 2 April 2017 Q: Robert Rauschenberg is a significant figure in the development of modern art and is well known by many. How did this exhibition elaborate on, or challenge, what might already be known about the artist, and how did you develop it so that both a specialist and general audience would discover new aspects of his practice? A: The exhibition was the first retrospective since Rauschenberg’s death in 2008, which enabled us to consider the entire breadth of his career and draw out specific ways in which he worked. While the exhibition followed a more or less chronological hang, it attempted to emphasise recurrent themes in his practice such as collaboration, performance and time. By representing significant moments from throughout his career the exhibition helped to place well-known works in context. Q: This show was the result of a collaboration between Tate and The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA), New York. How did this collaboration come about and how did this impact this exhibition? A: The last Rauschenberg retrospective in the UK took place in 1981, which made the prospect of a new exhibition a priority. In order to stage such an ambitious project it was essential to partner with an Robert Rauschenberg was institution that was equally committed to presenting Rauschenberg’s presented at Tate Modern. Global Sponsor Bank of America work. We approached MoMA, who proved to be ideal collaborators, Merrill Lynch, Supporting Sponsor Tiffany & Co. and supported by providing us with essential support in getting key loans for the Terra Foundation for American project and a network within which to discuss ideas. Art and Art Mentor Foundation Lucerne, with additional support from the Robert Rauschenberg Installation shots of Robert Exhibition Supporters Group, Q: What was your personal highlight of the show and what Rauschenberg © Robert Tate Americas Foundation and Rauschenberg Foundation, New Tate Patrons impact do you think the show has had? York. All Rights Reserved. Photos © Tate (Andrew Dunkley, Marcus Curated by Achim Borchardt-Hume, Leith and Seraphina Neville) Director of Exhibitions, Tate A: There were many highlights, including bringing together many Modern, and Leah Dickerman, Top: Featuring Tracer 1963, The Bottom: Featuring Monogram the Marlene Hess Curator of of Rauschenberg’s early works and his important Combines, which Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, 1955–59, Moderna Museet, Painting and Sculpture, The Kansas City, Missouri, Purchase: Stockholm, Purchased 1965 Museum of Modern Art, New are very fragile and rarely travel. The exhibition seemed to remind Nelson Gallery Foundation (left), with contribution from Moderna York, with Catherine Wood, visitors of the sheer breadth and level of experimentation in Retroactive II 1964, Collection, Museets Vänner/The Friends of Senior Curator, International Art Museum of Contemporary Art Moderna Museet (Performance), Tate Modern, and Rauschenberg’s practice, and his active desire to consider and Chicago, partial gift of Stefan T. Fiontán Moran and Juliette Rizzi, Edlis and H. Gael Neeson (middle), Assistant Curators, Tate Modern. bring the modern world around him into his art. This is something and Estate 1963, Philadelphia Museum of Art, gift of the Friends The exhibition was organised by that seems to resonate with many artistic practices today, which of the Philadelphia Museum of Tate Modern and The Museum of Modern Art, New York made the exhibition all the more timely. Art (right) 48 49
David Hockney I N T E R V I E W WI T H : A N D R E W WI L S O N S E N I O R C U R ATO R , M O D E R N A N D CO N T E M P O R A R Y Tate Britain BRITISH ART AND ARCHIVES 9 February – 29 May 2017 Q: What were the challenges in staging a retrospective of David Hockney’s career, especially given that the artist has had a number of exhibitions in London in recent years, and how did you distil his prolific practice? A: While there have been many exhibitions of Hockney’s recent work, this was the first to survey his sixty-year career. Having been prolific in many different media, the prospect of structuring the retrospective was daunting. While it largely followed a chronological sequence, the first room brought together works from different periods. This introduced a way of approaching Hockney’s work, identifying his principal obsession of using picture-making to look profoundly at the world, subverting pictorial conventions, and emphasising the theatricality and artifice inherent in two-dimensional representation. Q: A number of rooms in the exhibition were dedicated to the artist’s most recent output, including his video works and iPad drawings. What was your approach to positioning these within Hockney’s wider practice and our understanding of his work? A: Being visually and intellectually curious, Hockney is unafraid to adopt new technologies, having been enthralled by the printmaking studio at the Royal College of Art, just as in 2010 he began using an iPad the week it was launched. The tablet and video works at the end of the show, alongside recent paintings of his Hollywood Hills home, demonstrate a ceaseless drive to interrogate and communicate new ways of seeing the world. David Hockney at Tate Britain was sponsored by the Blavatnik Family Foundation with additional support from the David Hockney Exhibition Q: What was your personal highlight of the show and what Supporters Circle, Tate International impact do you think the show has had? Council and Tate Patrons Curated by Chris Stephens, former Installation shots of David Hockney Head of Displays and Lead Curator, A: My personal highlight was the exhibition itself. Hockney © David Hockney. Photos © Tate Modern British Art, and Andrew (Joe Humphrys) Wilson, Senior Curator, Modern is the most popular living British artist, having made some Top: Featuring Peter Getting Out Bottom: Featuring The Four Seasons, and Contemporary British Art of the most recognisable images. Because so many of his paintings of Nick’s Pool 1966, National Woldgate Woods (Spring 2011, and Archives, with Helen Little, former Assistant Curator. The are held in private or museum collections, his works are often Museums Liverpool, Walker Art Summer 2010, Autumn 2010, Winter exhibition was organised by Tate Gallery, presented by Sir John 2010) 2010 –2011, private collection Britain in collaboration with the known only through reproductions. Therefore, despite their Moores 1968 (left), A Bigger Splash 1967 Tate, purchased 1981 (middle), Centre Pompidou, Paris, and The popularity, there have been few opportunities to appreciate the and A Lawn Being Sprinkled 1967, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York full complexities of his work. private collection (right) 50 51
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